• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.11b
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• pp.295-298
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• 2003

In this paper, a novel maximum a posterion (MAP) estimation for the channel decoding of H.264 codes in the presence of transmission error is presented. Arithmetic codes with a forbidden symbol and trellis search techniques are employed in order to estimate the best transmitted. And, there has been growing interest of communication, the research about transmission of exact data is increasing. Unlike the case of voice transmission, noise has a fatal effect on the image transmission. The reason is that video coding standards have used the variable length coding. So, only one bit error affects the all video data compressed before resynchronization. For reasons of that, channel needs the channel codec, which is robust to channel error. But, usual channel decoder corrects the error only by channel error probability. So, designing source codec and channel codec, Instead of separating them, it is tried to combine them jointly. And many researches used the information of source redundancy In received data. But, these methods do not match to the video coding standards, because video ceding standards use not only one symbol but also many symbols in same data sequence. In this thesis, We try to design combined source-channel codec that is compatible with video coding standards. This MAP decoder is proposed by adding semantic structure and semantic constraint of video coding standards to the method using redundancy of the MAP decoders proposed previously. Then, We get the better performance than usual channel coder's.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.149-160
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• 2004

In this paper, we present an interactive data broadcasting system compliant with the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) standards. The proposed system provides users not only with various data broadcasting services but also remote interactive services. For various data broadcasting services, we have adopted a synchronized data injector that calculates the transmission time of synchronized data accurately and multiplexes synchronized data with the data of an MPEG-2 audio-visual program according to the calculated transmission time. To support remote interactive services, we designed and implemented a return channel server connected on a bi-directional interaction channel. Test results show that the proposed system provides both an asynchronous and synchronized data broadcasting service and remote interactive service appropriately.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.47-53
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• 2002

The purposes of this study actually measure to the dimension and the quality of material play equipment's examine whether they meet safety standards or not, and intend to offer basic data to present proper safety standards concerning the dimension of play equipment in the end. The subjects for this study were 59 outdoor playgrounds, 30 among them located in apartment sites and the remainder did in residential districts. The time of actual measurement was in June 1999, and June 2000. Data were analyzed into frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation by using SPSSWIN program. The main results were as follows.: First, more than half of playgrounds were assessed for being traffic hazards due to the adjacent streets. And they were hardly equipped with the toilet and drinking water facilities, but were almost equipped with the shade of a tree and benches. Second, it was caused in inconvenience of children's use and difficulty of play equipments'management, since the quality of play equipments materials was consisted of wood or metal. Third, the standards for swing and slide were established in detail and actual measurement's results were suitable to standards'value as well, whereas the standards for seesaw and climber were not in detail and they did not design or install suitably.

• Journal of The Institute of Information and Telecommunication Facilities Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.88-101
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• 2004

The Third Generation (3G) cellular mobile communication systems aim at providing higher data rates, improved quality of service, support for multimedia applications and global roaming. Cdma2000 and Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) have emerged as two leading 3G standards in USA and European countries, respectively. Both the standards are capable of delivering high bandwidth data, voice and multimedia services to users of mobile equipment, but are not directly interoperableand are not available across different geographic areas, due to which global roaming is not possible in true sense of using single mobile equipment. However, both UMTS and cdma2000 are based on wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) as the access method. Due to this, there exist some inherent commonalities between them. In this paper we will try to exploit the commonalities between the two standards in order to design an ASIC, which can provide dual standard capability. This paper discusses the physical layer aspects of the two standards and proposes an approach to design an ASIC which can be mapped to baseband processing part of the physical layer and is capable of delivering for either of the two aforementioned standards.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.36-47
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was to determine ICU nurses noncompliance of critical care nursing standards in order to provide basic data for education aimed at improvement in practice and evaluation of quality of nursing care in ICU. Methods: Data was collected from 150 nurses who work for three educational hospitals which have more than 800 beds and located in Gyeonggi province using questionnaires from September 2007 to October 2007. Results: The highest categories of noncompliance of critical care nursing standards were admission care($2.71\pm.60$) and infection control($2.31\pm.70$). The main causes of noncompliance critical care nursing standards that nurses regarded as causes were lack of attention(80.7%). ICU nurses mainly reported their noncompliance to charge nurses(89.3%) within 30minutes (84.7%). The reasons they reported were to solve problems rapidly and correctly, to reduce a harm to patients, and to prevent making noncompliance again. The reasons they didn't report were that they thought it might be not a problem and there was no change of patients conditions. Conclusion: ICU nurses noncompliance of critical care nursing standards was determined, therefore it can be used for prevention of further noncompliance.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.149-162
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• 1999

This article studies certain standards which have been developed for exchanging information about business and trading transactions, both nationally and internationally. In this context standards means standardised ways of representing trade information and standardised procedures for communicating it in computer-based environments. Early in the 1960s, the United Nations UN/ECE working party was formed. The purpose of the this organization was to simplify and standardize trade document. This organization eventually evolved into what is currently known as EDIFACT, the international EDI standards organization. EDIFACT is the basis for agreement on a common structure for documents such as those used for trading(e.g., orders, invoices), so that they can be interchanged electronically between computer systems. The standard was ratified in 1987 and has already been adopted by many EDI users for the earlier European and American standards for trading data interchange called UN/TDl and ANSI Xl2 respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.315-325
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to propose useful standards evaluation method using standards networks by analyzing the relationship between normative references citation information list. Methods: The collected data through the survey were analyzed using social network analysis. The measurement tools used for this study were divided into three dimensions such as certificate standard, normative reference and degree centrality. Results: The results of this study are as follows; regarding the influence of standard information, It is meaningful that the research using normative reference item among the bibliography information that the standard itself possesses. The analysis of social network analysis data of population standard, normative reference and the correlation analysis with sales, a variable representing actual utilization performance, suggested the importance of the standard and how to evaluate it. Conclusion: In prioritizing standard maintenance, more efficient management will be possible if centrality figures of standard network information are analyzed and used for standard maintenance.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2017

Well-established standards and specifications for medical devices not only provide clarity and consistency in licensing processes but also secure device safety and effectiveness. This study reviewed regulatory standards and specifications for veterinary medical devices in Korea based on data obtained through analyses of those medical devices. General standards for electromechanical, electromagnetic, and biological safety and individual standards for 76 electric and 70 general medical device products have been established by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. However, the first standards and specifications for veterinary medical devices were established in March 2000 for two products (disposable needle and syringe). Similar to the large number of standards for medical devices, there have been general standards for safety and individual standards for 72 veterinary medical devices (27 electric medical devices, 12 non-electric medical devices, 10 medical supplies, and 23 other types) established since 2014. These new standards considered, among other aspects, the devices' applications, usage characteristics, and industrial environment. To date, the establishment of standards and specifications for veterinary medical devices remains limited. This study suggests that improvements should be made to the regulation of general and individual standards associated with various veterinary medical instruments, supplies, and in vitro diagnostic medical reagents.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.24-29
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• 2014

To data, there was no systematic basis for establishing the content and allowed levels of general contamination substances in the Korean groundwater quality standards for non-drinking water. Recently, use of specific procedures for deriving valid groundwater quality standards have become mandatory. This study first investigated the methodology for deriving groundwater quality standards in the European Commission (EC), considering background groundwater quality and domestic and international standards related to water quality. Furthermore, this study investigated the existing specified procedure of standards related to water quality (e.g. surface water, drinking water, and wastewater). Our findings showed that EC and Member States presented the methods for deriving groundwater threshold values for general chemicals. Finally, we have proposed the following procedures of deriving Korean groundwater quality: (1) Selection of groundwater pollutant population, (2) selection and monitoring of priority substances, (3) monitoring, (4) selection of groundwater quality standard candidates, (5) selection of new substances and values for groundwater quality standards.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.84-89
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• 2007

In order to guarantee the safety of the facility systems, one of the essential components is information on mechanical properties of materials used for the construction. However, acquisition or accumulation of the mechanical property data in industrial fields is limited because this operation does not yield profit, excepting few materials production companies. Corresponding to the urgent needs and poor economical features, the MOCIE has founded the National Center for Standard Reference Data in the KRISS and also designated the Data Center of Mechanical Properties for Metallic Materials (DCMP) as a principal operating section. The DCMP plays roles of collection, edition and evaluation of the mechanical data and development of reference standards. In this study, several functions of the DCMP and standardization procedures of mechanical properties data will be introduced the prospective of standard reference researches will be discussed based on active feedbacks from industrial fields.