• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.195-199
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• 1997

Anthracnose symptoms were observed on the commercially cultivating ultivating cyclamen in Chonbuk province in 1995. The symptoms of infected flowers were small, circular and dark brown ring-spots or water-soaked lesions and gradually changed to lack blight. Mycelial colony of the isolates was light or whitish gray to dark gray on potato dextrose agar. Conidia were straight cylindrical and obtuse at the apex and measured 8.3~15.0${\times}$2.5~6.3 ${\mu}m$ in size. Appressoria were brown to dark brown and clavate, but most of them were irregular. Acervuli on lesions were brown, rounded and measured 50~140${\times}$32.5~90 ${\mu}m$ in size. The optimum temperatures for mycelial growth and conidial sporulation were ranged from 25 to 30$^{\circ}C$. Thus, based on mycological characteristics of the fungus, the causal agent of cyclamen anthracnose was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.230-234
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• 2006

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) has been identified in commercial chrysanthemum cultivars in Korea. Nucleotide sequences of the N gene of TSWV-ch14 isolated from infected chrysanthemum were determined and deposited in GenBank under accession no. DQ453158. The symptoms consisted of dark colored leaf necrosis, black streaks along the stem, wilting of plant parts in 'Sinma'; and chlorotic spots, necrosis of axillary shoots and withering of leaves in 'Hwarang'. Electron micrographs of leaf preparation of Nicotiana rustica infected with TSWV-ch14 contained spherical particles around 85 nm in diameter. TSWV was identified from chrysanthemum by sequence determination of N nucleocapsid protein and virion observation by transmission electron microscope. This is the first reported observation on TSWV in chrysanthemum in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.228-230
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• 2002

Anthracnose symptoms caused by Glomerella cingulata were observed on leaves and stems of gardenia in Sunchon, Jeonnam in Korea in 2000. Symptoms on infected plants typically appeared as irregularly circular, dark-brown ring spots and water-soaked brown lesions. Based on cultural and morphological characteristics, the fungus (G-00-03 isolate) from the diseased plants was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and its teleomorph stage was Glomerella cingulata. Healthy gardenia artificially inoculated with fungal spores showed anthracnose symptom 7 days after inoculation. This is the first report of gardenia anthracnose caused by Glomerella cingulata in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.126-128
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• 2010

Morphological characters of Heteropriacanthus cruentatus are redescribed in detail based on a single specimen (179.3 mm SL) collected from the coastal waters of Jeju Island, Korea. The species is characterized by dark brown spots scattered on the caudal fin and the soft-rayed portions of the dorsal and anal fins, and 59 pored lateral line scales.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.spc1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2003

In an early paper Skumanich suggested the existence of a scaling law relating the mean sunspot magnetic field with the square-root of the photospheric pressure. This was derived from an analysis of a variety of theoretical spot models including those by Yun (1968). These were based on the Schliiter-Temesvary (S- T) similarity assumption. To answer criticisms that such modeling may have unphysical (non-axial maxima) solutions, the S-T model was revisited, Moon et al. (1998), with an improved vector potential function. We consider here the consequences of this work for the scaling relation. We show that by dimensionalizing the lateral force balance equation for the S- T model one finds that a single parameter enters as a characteristic value of the solution. This parameter yields Skumanich's scaling directly. Using an observed universal flux-radius relation for dark solar magnetic features (spots and pores) for comparison, we find good to fair agreement with Yun's characteristic value, however the Moon et al. values deviate significantly.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2009

Melasma is a common disorder that causes dark colored patches. It generally causes brown spots on the face, especially on the forehead, cheeks, and upper lips. The pattern of patches has bilateral symmetry in yellowish-brown to gray-brown colors. It is much more common in women than in men. Melasma is considered to be caused by environmental and physical constitutional factors and often occurs when a woman's hormone changes by pregnancy or the use of oral contraceptive pills. It is important to combine oriental medicine and Sasang constitutional medicine for treatment of Melasma. Normal treatment of Melasma includes warming oneself, removal of the emotional stress factors, and good nutrition.

• Solar Energy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.3-14
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• 1992

The conventional school building design, which locates the hallway on the north side of the classroom, has proven to be very ineffective for indoor light control. Especially, glares and dark spots on the work plane as well as nonuniform illuminance on the chalkboard were causing undesirable visual effects for the students. The present study has investigated various problems with the classroom in the existing elementary and(junior) high school buildings from the point of indoor visual environment, and made some suggesions for possible solutions.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.28-30
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• 2000

Red muscardine (P. fumosoroseus), first observed on silkworm in Korea, was examined on its cultural characters, infection process, and symptoms. The fungus on PDA medium was grown to 44 mm in diameter in 14 days. Conidiaphore ws 1.45$\mu\textrm{m}$ in diameter, producing 4 to 6 phialides (5.9$\mu\textrm{m}$${\times}$1.8$\mu\textrm{m}$) in cluster. Elliptic conidia wre hyaline and 2.9${\times}$1.3$\mu\textrm{m}$ in size. Diseased silkworm showed typical symptoms of muscardine while becoming stiff. On 3 to 4 days after inoculation of P. fumosoroseus conidia upon the surface of silkworm, it was observed that the silkworm moved and ate less in rearing bed, and amorpnous dark spots of 1∼2 mm appeared on the surface o thorax, abdomen, spirace, and etc. Corrected mortality reached up to 97% at 9th day after inoculation.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.262-266
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• 2017

Flies of the genus Scatella are small and dark-gray, and many species have distinctive whitish spots on their gray wings. Most species are found in damp environment, such as the borders of marshes, seashore areas, swamps, lakes, ponds, streams, and paddy fields. The Korean shore fly genus Scatella Robineau-Desvoidy has been taxonomically noted. A total of five species have been identified: S. calida Matsumura, 1915, S. nipponica Miyagi, 1977, S. obsoleta Loew, 1861, S. paludum (Meigen, 1830), and S. tenuicosta Collin, 1930. This is the first report of S. calida Matsumura, 1915 from Korea. A key to the Korean Scatella species and photographs of the external features have been provided.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.330-333
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• 2015

In June 2013, we collected leaf spot disease samples of Datura metel from Gangneung, Gangwon Province, Korea. The symptoms observed were small circular to oval dark brown spots with irregular in shape or remained circular with concentric rings. We isolated the pathogen from infected leaves and cultured the fungus on potato dextrose agar. We examined the fungus morphologically and confirmed its pathogenicity according to Koch's postulates. The results of morphological examinations, pathogenicity tests, and the rDNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1 and ITS4), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) and the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) gene sequence revealed that the causal agent was Alternaria tenuissima. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot of D. metel caused by A. tenuissima in Korea as well as worldwide.