• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.325-337
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• 2014

To assess the functional structure of prepro-melanin-concentrating hormone (pMCH), we isolated and cloned pMCH (of-pMCH) mRNA from the brain of the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, and compared its amino acid sequence with those from other animals. In addition, to examine whether activation of the brain of-pMCH gene is influenced by background color, density, and feeding, we compared pMCH mRNA activities against different background colors (bright and dark) and at different densities (100% PCA and 200% PCA). To examine whether the pMCH gene is related with malpigmentation of blind-side skin and appetite, we compared pMCH gene expression between ordinary and hypermelanic flounders, and between feeding and fasting flounders. The of-pMCH cDNA was 405 bp in the open reading frame [ORF] and encoded a protein of 135 amino acids; MCH was 51 bp in length and encoded a protein of 17 amino acids. An obvious single band of the expected size was obtained from the brain and pituitary by RT-PCR. In addition, of-pMCH gene activity was significantly higher in the bright background only at low density (< 100% PCA) making the ocular skin of fish whitening, and in ordinary fish. However, the gene activity was significantly decreased in dark background, at high density (>200% PCA), and in hypermelano fish. These results suggest that skin whitening camouflage of the flounder is induced by high MCH gene activity, and the density disturbs the function of background color in the physiological color change. Moreover, our data suggest that a low level of MCH gene activity may be related to malpigmentation of the blind-side skin. In feeding, although pMCH gene activity was significantly increased by feeding in the white background, the pMCH gene activity in the dark background was not influenced by feeding, indicating that the MCH gene activity increased by feeding can be offset by dark background color, or is unaffected by appetite. In conclusion, this study showed that MCH gene expression is related to ocular-skin whitening camouflage and blind-skin hypermelanosis, and is influenced by background color and density.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.193-204
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• 2002

Many fashion forecasting companies propose the fashion colors in every season. Modern fashion consumer respond to fashionable trends with utmost sensitivity. Therefore to satisfy the consumer with an trendy image, the fashion design must be found first, as image matters, followed by an analysis of each design element's effect on the total image composition. In previous studies of fashion image, has been discussed the positive correlation between fashion design elements of color, fabric, and form as the central issue. In this thesis, two of the fashion design elements, color and fabric are simultaneously considered to classify the image of fabric in fashion. For the color variables, 10 hues are selected from Munsell's system of color notation, and 12 tones from PCCS color notation., which are currently used in the domestic fashion industry. Texture variables used in this survey are classified by luster, prominence-depression of surface, thickness, and density of fabric. Graduate students from 20 to 50 years old and the specialists in fashion companies participated in the survey. The results of this survey are as follows: 1. The fashion fabric image is classified as 5 main images: 'elegant', 'comfortable', 'characteristic', 'light'and 'simple'. 2. The influence of hue, tone and texture is significant to the fashion fabric image. Following colors, yellow-red, red hues and light grayish, dark grayish tones convey the elegant image. The texture property for the elegant image is luster, thin and low density. Properties of fabric conveying the comfortable image are yellow-red and green-yellow hue, soft, light tones, matte and high density. Furthermore, hue turned out to be a insignificant variables for the unique image, whereas dark grayish, grayish tone, luster and prominent texture convey a unique image. For light image, properties of fabric are blue-green, purple hues, light, bright tones with thin, low density texture. Properties of fabric conveying the simple image are blue-green, purple-blue, green-yellow hues, and strong, vivid tones, with luster and flat texture.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.193-197
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• 2007

The food selectivity of tethered females of the copepod Calanus helgolandicus was examined by using the colorimetric approach. First, feeding behavior of the copepod did not show any differences between the red-color stained with neutral red and non-stained diets using the diatom Coscinodiscus curvatulus. Then, the copepods were fed a mixtures of two diets, the diatom C. curvatulus, stained with neutral red, and the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium sanguineum for $14\sim60$ minutes of feeding duration. The foregut colors of females were examined using a stereo-microscope and a video monitor. The foreguts of animals fed with a high density of diatoms in mixed diets showed a dark red color, whereas those fed with a high density of dinoflagellate in mixed diets were a dark yellow. The results suggest that this species of copepod may not selectively feed either one of the diets used for this study. Their feeding activity may be more likely related to the density of available prey in their environment. Therefore, this quick and easy colorimetric approach could provide very useful information, like the pre-screening procedure before designing and conducting the time-consuming and complex feeding experiments to understand the feeding ecology of copepods.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.61-70
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• 2017

We study the angular correlation function of bright ($K_s{\leq}19.5$) Extremely Red Objects (EROs) selected in the Subaru GTO 2$deg^2$ field. By applying the color selection criteria of $R-K_s$ > 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0, we identify 9055, 4270, and 1777 EROs, respectively. The number density is consistent with similar studies on the optical - NIR color selected red galaxies. The angular correlation functions are derived for EROs with different limiting magnitude and different $R-K_s$ color cut. When we assume that the angular correlation function $w({\theta})$ follows a form of a power-law (i.e., $w({\theta})=A{\theta}^{-{\delta}}$), the value of the amplitude A was larger for brighter EROs compared to the fainter EROs. The result suggests that the brighter, thus more massive high-redshift galaxies, are clustered more strongly compared to the less massive galaxies. Assuming that EROs have redshift distribution centered at ~ 1.1 with ${\sigma}_z=0.15$, the spatial correlation length $r_0$ of the EROs estimated from the observed angular correlation function ranges ${\sim}6-10h^{-1}Mpc$. A comparison with the clustering of dark matter halos in numerical simulation suggests that the EROs are located in most massive dark matter halos and could be progenitors of $L_{\ast}$ elliptical galaxies.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.32.1-32.1
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• 2012

Radial color gradient of disk galaxies has been a key tool for diagnosing the ages and metallicities of the stars and gas of these galaxies, and thus, the formation process of these disks. In many cases, observational data support the 'inside-out' picture of disk galaxy formation proposed by Larson (1976). In this scenario, gas within dark matter halos cools and accretes on to the outer disk while enhancing star formation in the disk. Recent discoveries of "extended ultra-viloet" (XUV) disks also show that majority of disk galaxy experience active star formation within out disks where gas surface density is quite low (Thilker et al. 2007; Gil de Paz et al. 2007). However, neither gas, nor stars stay put within galaxies. They rather migrate into bulges, disperse throughout galaxies, or flow into and out of galaxies via various mechanisms. There have been a few notable studies to investigate how radial star formation and metal abundance gradients vary across populations of disk galaxies systematically. However, the mechanisms driving gas transport are still poorly understood. Cross-matching various galaxy catalogs including KVAGC and UKIDSS, we are investigating if color gradients of late-type galaxies depend on their physical properties, especially on environmental properties. We will present the result from the pilot study on Karachentsev isolated galaxy catalog.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.587-590
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• 2011

A new sesame variety 'Yunheuk' was developed from Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute in 2007. A cross was made by 'Yoosung' with weak disease resistance and 'Kunheuk' with high yield capacity & quality, followed by pedigree selection, yield test and regional yield trial (RYT) by the sesame breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science and Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute up to 2007. The variety showed higher lodging resistance and more dark seed coloring rather than that of check variety 'Yangheuk'. Average stem length and the number of capsules per plant is 118 cm, 79 cm respectively. Its 1,000 grains weight is about 2.67 g indicating 0.10 g lower than that of 'Yangheuk', and its oil content is about 46.4%. 'Yunheuk' also contains total 2.59 mg/g of such lignans as sesamin and sesamolin. And its dark color density ($L^*$ Value) of seed coat is 22.43 which was about 10% lower than that of check variety. The average yield of 'Yunheuk' was 99.9 kg per 10a at the national-wide regional performance.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1996

Fifty accessions in Zoysia species and forty-one hybrid lines were evaluated in order to detect analyze the genectic variation of Zoysiagrasses and to obtain the basic information for breeding. 1.Plant height ranged from 13 to 34.5cm, leaf length from 7 to 26cm, leaf width from 2 to 7mm, and first leaf height from 1.1 to 8.5cm 2. The correlations among plant height, leaf length and first-leaf height were high, but leaf Width was correlated only With leaf length. 3. Stolon length was varied from 10 to 108cm, number of stolons from 12 to 53, internode length from 2 to 6.1cm and coverage percentage from 10 to 90%. 4.There were correlation among stolen length, number of stolons, internode length and coverage percentage except between stolen and internode length. 5.M1J and MC2 showed the highest level in stolen length, number of stolons and coverage percentage. Therefore they will be the best breeding materials for the purpose of fast covering. 6.According to the analysis on October 26, 1995, yellow color-change rate of leaves ranged from 5 to 85%, red color-change from 0 to 75% and sum of yellow and red change from 20 to 95%. Speciallty M2M1 and FL-41 kept green color untill early December, indicating that they had the late dormancy. 7. Visual assessment of stolon length and number of stolons, showed similar tendency With actually measured data. 8. Shoot density was very high in M2M1 and S2, and showed negative correlation with leaf width. 9. It is known in Korea that the darker green color of lawngrass is, the better it looks. There were 11 lines with dark green color leaves such as J 85-10, Meyer in Z. japonira, one asacession in Z. matrella and M2M1, M2S8, JM2, 55C2 in hybrid lines.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.32.3-32.3
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• 2018

We report a possible discovery of a relic of a dissolved star cluster in the Sextans dwarf spheroidal galaxy. Using the hk index (${\equiv}$(Ca-b)-(b-y)) as a photometric metallicity indicator, we have successfully discriminated the metal-poor and metal-rich stars in the galaxy and found an unexpected number density peak of metal-poor stars near the galaxy center. The analysis of color-magnitude diagrams reveals that they appear to be originated from an old, metal-poor globular cluster which might be slightly farther than the bulk of field stars in the galaxy. This supports the presence of the star cluster remnants in the galaxy which have been suggested by previous studies. If confirmed, dissolution of a star cluster provides a piece of evidence of a cored dark-matter halo profile for the Sextans dwarf galaxy.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 2004

Carbon black have not been used as pigment material in cosmetic because of very low density and dispersity, but carbon black have applicable character as black pigment because of non-toxic, stable physico-chemical property, and black colority. In this study, mesoporous silica samples were synthesized by sol-gel reaction using surfactants-template method; TEOS (tetraethoxysilane) - a) PEO/lecithin, b) PEO/polyethylene glycol, c) lecithin/polyethylene glycol in ethanol/water solution. Synthesized organic-inorganic hybrid - silica were heat-treated in N2 condition at 500$^{\circ}C$. Mesoporous silica with black carbon in pore have the effective density and show the good dispersity in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic solvent. Properties of the samples were measured; specific surface area (750㎡/g) and pore size (4-6nm) using BET, pore structure (cylindrical type) using XRD, morphology (spherical powder with 0.1-0.5$\mu\textrm{m}$ partical size) of the samples using SEM. Carbon-silica black color applied to mascara, it shows a dark black colority and good dispersity as compared with the general black color titania pigment. Moreover, it is possible to control the density of black color pigment because it is possible to control pore volume and particle size of mesoporous silica properly. It show the good volume effects in mascara. That is why possible to apply all kinds of cosmetic products.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.2 s.69
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• pp.311-315
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• 2005

When paraquat was added to the bacterial membrane or mitochondrial suspension, the mixture turned dark blue, but the color was disappeared by aeration. The same phenomenon was seen when electrons were supplied to the paraquat. Blue color appeared from near the cathode, and then spreaded to whole transit system. Coloration was accelerated by addition of alkali, but the color was reduced by addition of acid or oxygen. Paraquat exhibited absorption at ultraviolet region by electron transfer at the concentrations as low as 1.0 mM which did not exert difficulty in showing color reaction. Paraquat caused the increase of the optical density at 340 nm by electron transit, and an aspect of that had a strong resemblance to NADH. The acute toxic action of paraquat seemes to depend on inhibition of energy metabolism cased by paraquat action of electron donor and acceptor.