• 건축역사연구
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2016

The color that painted on the ground of Dancheong becomes Gachil(basecoat)-Dancheong and underpainting of Moro-Dancheong or Geum-Dancheong. So, the color of underpainting is the most important element that determines impression of the building. Thus, the architecture after using "Sangrokhadan" has different characters from what it had been. In the existing perception toward the background color of Dancheong, it was considered the characters of Korean Dancheong so-called "Sangrokhadan" that paint vertical elements like columns red and upper part of the columns green. But this study examined the color of Dancheong according to the era and region before and after Goryeo Dynasty era, then it reveals that Sangrokhadan technique was applied from the 14th century in the late Goryeo Dynasty. One of the Goryeo architecture, Geungnakjeon Hall of Bongjeongsa Temple is thought to be a previous style that is not applied "Sangrokhadan" technique because old elements are painted red pigment.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.152-171
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• 2009

해남 미황사 대웅전 단청은 18세기에 조성되어 근래까지 이어오는 전라도지역의 단청 양식을 이끈 대표작으로서 우수성과 독창성이 뛰어난 작품이다. 건물 외부에는 안료의 박락과 퇴색이 심하게 진행되어 단청의 흔적만 확인될 뿐이나 내부에는 일반 단청문양 외에 다른 사찰에서는 그 실례가 드문 천불도(千佛圖)가 함께 조성되어 있으며, 독립적인 회화작품으로 손색이 없을 만큼 기량이 뛰어난 나한도를 포함하고 있다. 방법적인 측면에서도 종이에 그려 붙인 첩부식(貼付式)으로 여타 단청에서는 볼 수 없는 특징을 지니고 있다. 현재 남아있는 내부 단청은 "달마산미황사대법당중수상량문"의 기록과 충량에 남아있는 '무등산인 단확야(無等山人丹?也)', '건륭십구(乾隆十九)'라는 묵서명, 단청문양과 천불도에서 엿보이는 양식적 특징 등을 통해 1754년에 조성된 것으로 추정된다. 재단청의 흔적을 찾아볼 수 없는 점 또한 미황사 대웅전 단청의 조성연대가 1754년이라는 절대연대를 뒷받침하는 근거가 된다. 이 같은 절대연대는 단청문양의 편년 설정의 기준이 될 것이며 시대별 특징과 변화를 유추하는데 있어서도 도움이 될 것이다. 단청은 시대별, 지역별로 일정한 양식적 특징이 있다. 전라도지역 단청 또한 일정한 양식을 형성하고 있는데 머리초를 먹당기 없이 2중 내지 3중의 녹색대로 마무리하는 경향, 휘골의 커다란 항아리 장식 등은 전라도 단청양식이라 할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 금단청이든 모로단청이든 간에 모든 부재의 뱃바닥을 색긋기로 처리하는 점도 18세기부터 20세기까지 이어져온 전라도 단청 양식 중 하나로 볼 수 있을 것이다. 한편 전라도지역에 위치한 천은사 극락보전과 내소사 대웅보전의 단청에서 이러한 특징 외에 미황사 대웅전 단청과 유사한 문양과 기법을 찾아 볼 수 있어 주목된다. '미황사 양식'이라 부를 수 있을 만큼 미황사 단청이 나머지 두 사찰 단청에 영향을 준 것으로 보이는데, 이는 더 넓은 시각으로 보았을 때 전라도지역 단청의 양식 중 하나로 볼 수 있을 것이다. 또한 미황사와 천은사, 내소사의 단청에서 볼 수 있는 공통된 도상과 기법 등은 화사간의 영향관계를 짐작케 하는 부분으로 동일화파 내지는 미황사 단청을 조성했던 화사들의 영향을 받은 또 다른 화사들에 의해 조성되었을 가능성을 보여준다고 할 수 있을 것이다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2018

When identifying the dancheong during the Joseon Dynasty, a great number of the terms used [e.g., dancheong(丹靑), geumbyeok(金碧), danhwak(丹?), danbyeok(丹碧), dannok(丹綠), danchil(丹漆), hyuchil(?漆), hyudong(??), etc.] are found in literature records. However, the details are still veiled. This study investigated the characteristics of dancheong-related terms by analyzing their usages and contents based on literature records from the Joseon period. Architecturally, geumbyeok, danbyeok and dannok were used in temples, and dancheong was painted on walls. In the royal palace, danhwak was adopted while dancheong was also painted on these walls as well. Specifically, danchil was applied to the columns inside and outside buildings while hyudong was painted on rafter, walls and roof tiles. In addition, hyuchil was applied to the inside of the royal palace.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2017

This study attempted to analyze how dancheong for palace tablets during the Joseon period was designed as related to what plans and what materials were being used. It also investigated how this unique culture formed. The results found the following: First, the tablet dancheong unveiled through literature was designed using diverse techniques such as jinchae and yeokcheongchil. In jinchae, shell powder was applied to the tablet as the first lacquering, and then was colored. Second, in lacquer, maechil, chaesaekchil and jeohyeoptaechil were used. In yeokcheongchil, vegetable black, oil ash and perilla oil were applied to bitumen. Third, during the Joseon Dynasty, dancheong was applied to a tablet after first lacquering just like the danpihoe lacquering of Jiangsu Sheng, China. This tablet dancheong technique was developed based on a unique Korean lacquering culture that had been handed down from ancient times.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2018

Meoricho of Dancheong is a pattern that placed at the end of each elements. We call Dancheong which has Meoricho Moro-dancheong. Meorico is the pattern comes from the metal ornaments of ancient architecture. The most primitive forms of Meoricho is Saw-toothed Design. Since the influence of Buddhism in the Northern Wei dynasties Saw-toothed Design have changed Tied lotus Design. Tied lotus Design of the Unified Silla it becames Gak-yeop Design and Yeo-ui-doo Design Meoricho in Goryeo Dynasty. Since Goryeo Dynasty there's been great and small variations in the internal composition of Meoricho, but the outline has maintained as it was. Therefore the completed form of the outline of Meoricho could be regarded as the one that was formed in Goryeo Dynasty.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.142-152
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• 2011

21세기는 디자인의 시대다. 디자인은 세계적으로 다양하게 발전하고 있으며 또 변하고 있다. 그와 동시에 각국에서는 자신의 정체성을 나타내는 디자인에 대한 원형을 찾기 위한 노력이 동시에 진행되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 한국 디자인의 원형을 단청 분석을 통해서 찾고자 한다. 단청은 우리 문화의 조형성을 이해하는 중요한 단서이다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 전라남도 해남 미황사의 단청을 분석하였다. 대웅전 천정화에 시문된 천불도와 범자문양, 학문양, 모란문양, 연화문양을 디자인적인 측면에서 살펴본바 첫째, 시각적 차원뿐 만아니라 공간적, 상징적, 조형적 차원에서 새로운 문화적 가치를 엿 볼 수 있었다. 둘째, 미황사 단청은 디자인의 형상을 통해 당시의 미학을 고스란히 보여주는 시각적 표현의 결정체였다. 셋째, 단청은 불교에서 유교로 전환한 종교적 의식에 구애받지 않고 우리의 디자인 원형은 자연스럽게 이어져 오고 있음을 보여주고 있다. 본 연구를 통하여 단청은 우리의 삶을 묻어나게 하는 미의 원형으로서 존재하며 우리 민족의 의식을 연결하는 혼합체라는 것을 보여주었다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.345-361
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• 2019

This study demonstrates the application of hyperspectral analysis as a pigment identification method for modern and contemporary Dancheong, the polychrome surface on traditional Korean wooden buildings. In particular, green pigments are the focus of this study. Green pigments in modern and contemporary Dancheong have the largest variation of materials and show a noticeable timeline. Thus, they are most suitable for estimating the manufacture or restoration period of Dancheong. Hyperspectral analysis is a noncontact, long-distance measurement technique that has advantages in the field of Dancheong analysis. It is capable of identifying both organic and inorganic pigments, unlike existing analysis methods. For this experiment, green and other pigments used during the modern and contemporary era were selected and made into painted samples under various mixing conditions that reflect their actual uses. Through hyperspectral analysis, their reflectance characteristics were observed, which enables the derivation of four main features that can distinguish the type of pigments used for color mixture. Based on these, a pigment identification system was designed in the form of a flowchart, and its utility was confirmed through site application. Despite some limitations at this stage, the technique can be complemented by considering proper measurement methods or the continuous accumulation of samples and data. If a database on various materials, mixing ratios, painting techniques, and other external interference factors is developed in future research, it would provide the foundation for a faster and safer analysis environment of Dancheong sites.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.363-372
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• 2019

Animal glue has been used as a binder in Dancheong since the Joseon dynasty. Binders play an important role in determining the physical characteristics of a painting layer. The analysis of binders can be used to identify the materials and techniques used in traditional Dancheong. Binders can be investigated using physicochemical component analyses methods such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, but the detection characteristics vary depending on the degradation properties of the pigment and binder. Therefore, cross-validation using a combination of physicochemical analysis and enzyme immunoassay is used to increase the reliability of the results. In this study, we present an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as an example of an enzyme immunoassay as a method for analyzing animal glue, a traditional binder used in Korea. The applicability of ELISA was tested using commercial animal glue, in addition to animal glue produced using a variety of extraction conditions. The animal glue was analyzed in a Noerok-additionally coated-replica sample to evaluate the possibility of analyzing the animal glue in a paint layer mixed with pigment. Based on the results, we performed an assay on the use of animal glue in the Dancheong sample of the temples of the Joseon dynasty, that are estimated to have been built in the 17^th century.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.447-456
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• 2014

복원된 숭례문 단청에서 박리 박락 등의 손상이 발생함에 따라 원인을 규명하기 위해 사용된 재료를 중심으로 연구하였다. 사용된 안료 12종에 대한 성분분석을 실시한 결과, 호분과 석간주를 제외한 10종은 인공안료로 확인되었다. 교착제의 종류와 비율을 달리하여 시편을 제작하였고, 현장에서 채취한 단청 시편을 대상으로 용해 비교 시험을 실시한 결과, 단청 시편은 변화가 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 교착제의 도포 순서를 달리하여 시편을 제작하고 촉진내후성을 평가하였다. 전체적으로 도막 층이 두꺼워지고, 다른 물성의 교착제를 교차하여 사용하였을 때 박리 박락의 발생률이 높은 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.959-967
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• 2011

An importance of design that considers the characteristics of fashion that plays a role of a medium that communicates with customers (and is not simply clothes or products by adding the particular culture factors of a local country to the development of glocalism) is discussed. While the cultural consumption becomes a core key word, the survey of customers is conducted to develop a party-wear design that applies a Korean image suitable for the party culture industry magnified by the young generation's cultural trends. Based on it, we suggest a party-wear design that applies Dancheong's lotus and derive the followed results. The first, one-piece and accessory coordination was the highest by 49.3% for the party-wear coordination and design. In addition, Dancheong was the highest by 16.5% for the traditional pattern (thought to be representative for Korean image). Among the traditional patterns, for a pattern suitable for party-wear, the case applying flowers such as the Japanese apricot flower, lotus flower, and peony was the highest. The second, among the several patterns used Dancheong that was represented by a Korean image of a lotus flower pattern because of the characteristics of strong vitality and blooming in dirty mud was often used for the pattern of clothes. The third, under the motive of the results of the survey and Dancheong's lotus flower pattern, we developed 2 methods of one piece and accessory coordination, 2 methods of top and skirt coordination, and 1 method of jacket and one piece coordination as the party-wear.