• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.23-40
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• 2022

Many constructed wetlands have been installed in dam reservoirs nationwide for ecological purification of watershed pollutants, but aging and reduced efficiency are becoming issues. To improve the management of constructed wetlands, an objective evaluation of structural suitability is required. This study evaluated 39 constructed wetlands of 15 dams. First, through fogus group interview(FGI), survey analysis, and analytic hierarchy process(AHP), eight evaluation items in the physical and vegetative aspects were selected and the evaluation criteria applied with weights were prepared. Second, as a result of the structural suitability evaluation, the average score of the overall constructed wetlands was 80.8, with 10 sites rated as 'good grade(91~100)', 22 sites rated as 'normal grade(71~90)' and 7 sites rated as 'poor grade(70 or less)'. The average score of physical structure evaluation was 52.6, with 14 sites rated as 'good', 21 sites as 'normal' and 4 sites as 'poor'. The suitability of location was good level in most constructed wetlands, but the water supply system, depth of water, ratio of length-to-width, and slope of flow channel were evaluated as 'normal' or less in constructed wetlands of 50% or more. Therefore, it was found that overall improvement was necessary for stable flow supply and flow improvement in the constructed wetland. The average score of vegetative structure evaluation was 28.2, and about 84% of them were identified as 'normal' or lower. As a result of analyzing the Spearman's correlation coefficient between the physical structure evaluation score and the vegetation structure evaluation score, there was a significant correlation(r = 0.728, p < 0.001), and it was found that each evaluation factor also influences each other. As a result of the case review of 6 constructed wetlands, the appropriateness of the evaluation results was confirmed, and it was found that the location, flow rate supply, and type of wetland had a great influence on the efficiency and operation of the wetland. Through this study, it will be possible to derive structural weaknesses of constructed wetlands in dam reservoirs as a nature-based solution, to prepare types and practical alternatives for improved management of each constructed wetland in the future, and to contribute to enhancing various environmental functions.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 1989

When the flood occurs in the alluvial rivers, the rivers adjust to the flood by means of the mechanism of the river bed variations and its morphological changes to pass that safely, the numerical model was developed to simulate the process of the alluvial river bed variation due to flood wave and carried out by the flood routing for flood wave and the sediment routing for river bed variation. The flood wave, river bed variation, and bed material size distribution may be analysed and predicted by this model. The ability of this model to predict the process of river bed response was proved by the application to the reach from Paldang dam to Indogyo site. In view of the flood analysis considering the sediment process, the effects of river bed variation for the flood routing may be negligible because the river bed variation is smaller than the unsteady flow variation during the same period. By the application of this model, it is shown that, in occurring of sequential flood events, the variation of the river bed and bed material size distribution due to flood wave is more dependent on the first flood event than the latter flood events, and that the river bed variation in this reach of the downstream Han river is dependent on the degradation and the coarsening of bed materials.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.53
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• pp.35-61
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• 2017

The formation process of Dasan(茶山)'s Yi Xue(易學) in Xinghuxuepai(星湖學派) was examined. Dasan(茶山)'s Yi Xue(易學) succeeded to the methods of Huti (互體) and Yaobian(爻變) from Seong-ho(星湖) and Ha-bin(河濱), and Dasan(茶山) thought that he couldn't cover Zhouyi("周易") just with this one method. So he suggested the four methods called Yilisifa(易理四法), and supplemented it with 18 methods through Duyiyaozhi(?讀易要旨?). Accordingly, the process of how Dasan(茶山)'s Yi Xue(易學) was established was examined one by one. Dasan(茶山) succeeded to the method of Huti(互體) from Seong-ho Lee Ik(星湖李瀷), the leading master of Xinghuxuepai(星湖學派). Nevertheless, Dasan(茶山) argued that the method of Huti(互體) had been from Zhu Xi(朱子). However, this argument of Dasan(茶山)'s seems to have resulted from Zhengzu(正祖)'s academic research policy. As a way to interpret Zhouyi(?周易?), Dasan(茶山) succeeded to the method of Yaobian(爻變) from Ha-bin(河濱). However, Dasan(茶山) argued that Yaobian(爻變)was Zhu Xi(朱子)'s intention. He had no choice but this because of Zhengzu(正祖)'s academic research policy. Dasan(茶山) succeeded to the method of Huti(互體) from Seong-ho(星湖) and Yaobian(爻變) from Ha-bin(河濱), but Dasan(茶山) proposed the four key methods called Yilisifa(易理四法). Many researchers have argued that, as for Dasan(茶山)'s modern viewpoint, Dasan(茶山) developed Yi Xue(易學) in a similar way as Xihe Mauqiling(西河 毛奇齡). However, this viewpoint cannot be judged to have been similar as it was expressed when Dasan(茶山) himself criticized Xihe(西河)'s Jingxueguan(經學觀).

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.115-127
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• 2024

This research aimed to construct models with various structures based on the Transformer module and to perform land cover classification, thereby examining the applicability of the Transformer module. For the classification of land cover, the Unet model, which has a CNN structure, was selected as the base model, and a total of four deep learning models were constructed by combining both the encoder and decoder parts with the Transformer module. During the training process of the deep learning models, the training was repeated 10 times under the same conditions to evaluate the generalization performance. The evaluation of the classification accuracy of the deep learning models showed that the Model D, which utilized the Transformer module in both the encoder and decoder structures, achieved the highest overall accuracy with an average of approximately 89.4% and a Kappa coefficient average of about 73.2%. In terms of training time, models based on CNN were the most efficient. however, the use of Transformer-based models resulted in an average improvement of 0.5% in classification accuracy based on the Kappa coefficient. It is considered necessary to refine the model by considering various variables such as adjusting hyperparameters and image patch sizes during the integration process with CNN models. A common issue identified in all models during the land cover classification process was the difficulty in detecting small-scale objects. To improve this misclassification phenomenon, it is deemed necessary to explore the use of high-resolution input data and integrate multidimensional data that includes terrain and texture information.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.307-316
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• 1994

The rainfall forecasting model of the short term is improved at the point where meterological data is not gaged. In this study, the adopted model is based on the assumptions for simulation model of rainfall process, meteorological homogeneousness, prediction and estimation of meteorological data. A Kalman Filter technique is used for rainfall forecasting. In the existing models, the equation of the model is non-linear type with regard to rainfall rate, because hydrometer size distribution (HSD) depends on rainfall intensity. The equation is linearized about rainfall rate as HSD is formulated by the function of the water storage in the cloud. And meteorological input variables are predicted by emprical model. It is applied to the storm events over Taech'ong Dam area. The results show that root mean square error between the forecasted and the observed rainfall intensity is varing from 0.3 to 1.01 mm/hr. It is suggested that the assumptions of this study be reasonable and our model is useful for the short term rainfall forecasting at the ungaged point of the meteorological data.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.857-874
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• 2011

The purposes of this study were to develop teaching strategy enhancing creative problem solving skills and to examine the instructional influences on studints' creative thinking skills, critical thinking skills, creative personality and academic self-regulation. In this study, a model using inter-disciplinary analogies(PDCA model) was designed and applied to the existing 'Teaching model for the enhancement of the creative problem solving skills'. And it was implemented to preservice science teachers for the one semester. Results indicated that the experimental group presented statistically meaningful improvement in creative thinking skills, especially in the originality of identifying a problem, making hypothesis, and controlling variables (p<.05). In addition, the strategy contributed to improving critical thinking skills, especially in inquiry process of recognizing problems, making hypothesis, interpreting and transforming of data (p<.05). This strategy also helped students' academic self-regulation (p<.05). But there was no significant improvement in creative personality(p<.05).

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.657-662
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• 2006

공공사업의 목적은 사업을 통해서 발생하는 혜택을 인간 및 사회가치 적합하도록 최대한 확산하고자 하는 것이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 당해 사회적 가치를 고려하지 않는 경제 및 정책 범주에서만의 분석은 공공사업의 추진타당성에 신뢰저하를 가져오거나 사업추진지역사회의 막연한 불안감(저항)에 효과적으로 대응하지 못하는 문제를 일으키고 있다. 따라서 타당성 있는 사업추진 및 지역사회 저항을 극복할 수 있는 방법발견은 중요하다고 하겠다. 해결방향은 공공사업으로 영향 받는 당해지역에서의 경제(정책포함)외적인 제약조건까지 파악하여서 전반적인 사회경제적가치(시장가치)를 재발견해 가는데 있다. 그것은 공공사업의 예비타당성 평가시에 잠재적으로 부딪힐 저항이나, 개발이후에 발생할 수 있는 확산가치까지도 대상에 포함시켜야 한다는 의미이다. 주지하는 바와 같이 잠재적 가치는 경제적 요소에서만 발생하기 보다는 당해지역의 사회문화적 잠재성 극대화에서 나온다. 지금까지의 계획수립과정은 정부와 전문가집단이 중심이 되어 계획을 수립하고 작성된 계획안에 대해 시민단체, 환경단체 등 이해당사자들이 공청회나 공람을 통해 의견을 제시하는 소극적 프로세스였다. 한편, 대안적 프로세스는 계획수립의 초기단계부터 다양한 이해당사자를 참여시키고 이들을 보조자가 아닌 계획수립의 주체로서 인정하고 협의와 조정과정을 거쳐 합의를 도출함으로써 계획의 정당성을 확보하고 실행가능성을 높이는 방식이 유용할 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구는 미래지향적 가치를 포괄하고 있는 예비적인 사회적 타당성의 평가항목 및 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 이것은 일반적으로 사회영향평가(SIA: Social Impact Assesment)모델을 통해서 공공사업 및 민간사업이 당해 사회에 미치는 영향을 파악하고, 이의 대응방안 마련에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 주요 내용은 공공사업관리방식의 체계를 파악하고 공공사업의 사회적 타당성 및 국내외 적용사례 분석을 통한 시사점 도출과 사회성 검토항목 및 평가방법을 제시한 후, 우리나라에의 적용방안을 검토하였다.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.385-397
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• 2012

A grid based physically distributed model analyzes rainfall-runoff using physical parameters and grid-typed spatial and hydrological data. This study have developed a real time runoff modelling system using GRM RT(Grid based Rainfall-runoff Model Real Time) which is a real time flow analysis module in GRM, a grid based physically distributed rainfall-runoff model. Weather radar data received in real time are calibrated by using real time AWS from Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA), and they are applied to real time runoff modeling. And the runoff model is calibrated by using observed discharges from a water level gauge in real time. This study have designed and implemented the databases necessary to construct the real time runoff modelling system, and established the process of a real time runoff modelling. And the performances of the developed system have been evaluated. The system have been applied to Nerinheon watershed located in the upstream of Soyanggang Dam and the application results are evaluated.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2016

Stable and reliable air traffic service is required for users (aircraft pilot, air traffic controller, airlines and public) through enhancing capability related to airport operation and continuously improving air navigation system. ASMS (air navigation service provider (ANSP) safety maturity survey) is to determine the level of management and safety requirement such as organization, risk, policy, process, training and environment in Air traffic service field. We designed and developed the survey (26 study areas of management part and 23 study areas of safety part) considering global best practices (Eurocontrol and FAA) and customizing domestic circumstances with quantitative level assessment regarding management and safety issue of Air navigation system. The survey enables the performance of Air navigation system to enhance and prevents from occurring accident or incident. Therefore, we provides best information with users as well as high quality Air traffic service.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.62-73
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• 2006

Objective : This study aimed to investigate the effect of SHD on myelosuppression using an animal model for therapeutic evidence supporting clinical positive results. Methods : After determining the optimal concentration of 5-FU as 300 mg/kg for developing the mouse model, ICR mice or BALB/c mice were administered with SHD, and several blood parameters, including hematopoietic cytokines, colony forming activity and histological findings, were examined to evaluate the effects. Results : SHD restored the WBC and hemoglobin, and showed effects on maintaining body weight, producing GM-CSF and IL-3 and stem cell colony forming activity in accordance with histological relative entirety on bone marrow. Conclusion : SHD is an herbal drug having therapeutic effects on myelosuppression. Thus, it could be prescribed to cancer patients undergoing chemo-therapies or radio-therapies in the process of cancer treatment.