• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.64-70
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• 1991

The design theory of roller gate has been systematized laying more emphasis on practical formulas than theoretical ones and the design procedure of the existing gate facilites is reviewed and analyaed on economical viewpoint and safety factor. The design theory of timoshenko, the thechnical standards for hydraulic gate and penstock of Japan, and the design standards for waterworks structures of Germany are applied to the study of optimal design of a gate leaf. In this study, gate leaf which is now being operated for water control at the seadike, estuary dam and reservoir dam are adopted as a mode, and a new design method by the computer is proposed through the variation of design elements within practical ranges. As a result, safety factor and economical design can be made by using T-beams to the horizontal and vertical beam of the gate leaf instead of H-beams used in the existing seadike roller gate at Asan, and total weight of gate leaf is reduced by the present optimization.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.333-341
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• 2006

Since considerable time passed after completion of dam construction, Methods to judge the safety and/or to manage effectively have extreme limitation and restriction. Behavior analysis based on one point (site) by such as surface settlement gauge is typically performed in order to define deformation characteristic of dam. However, deformation characteristics of entire dam can not be analyzed by this method. This study adopted state-of-the-art terrestrial laser scanning technology, and developed the technology to analyze the entire deformation of dam. The analysis was compare with the outputs of surface settlement gauge to confirm the performance of 3D terrestrial laser scanning technology. As a result, through analyses of laser scanning data and the surface settlement gauge data, the studied dam shows behavior of deformation by own weight of dam. It is possible to confirm that the dam is entering the stage of stabilization presently.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.65-72
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• 2015

Objectives: Shape of face has relations with body shape and body weight in the Korean medicine. We investigated a correlation between a body mass index (BMI) and Dam-Bangkwang Body of Hyung-Sang medicine. Methods: The subjects were 244 adults aged from 45 to 64. A facial shape diagnostic equipment was used to classify Bangkwang Body or Dam Body. Statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS program to compare the correlation of BMI in each group. Results: We measured BMIs of the subjects who have Dam Body or Bangkwang Body which ranges were $22.53{\pm}2.83$ and $24.43{\pm}2.90$, respectively. The BMIs of Dam body subjects were significantly higher than those of Bangkwang Body subjects statistically (P<0.001). In order to verify our hypothesis, we also speculated BMIs of the obese with a BMI over 25. The BMIs of Bangkwang Body subjects were also higher than those of Dam Body subjects (P=0.001). With the width of the face of all subjects, we found that Bangkwang Body subjects whose the width of the face was relatively long had higher levels of BMI and obesity than Dam Body subjects whose height of the face was relatively long. Conclusions: The BMI of the Bangkwang Body is statistically higher than the Dam Body.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.709-727
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• 2015

The main aim of this study is to introduce optimal design of homogeneous earth dams with oblique and horizontal drains based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) incorporating weighted least squares support vector machine (WLS-SVM). To achieve this purpose, the upstream and downstream slopes of earth dam, the length of oblique and horizontal drains and angle among the drains are considered as the design variables in the optimization problem of homogeneous earth dams. Furthermore, the seepage through dam body and the weight of dam as objective functions are minimized in the optimization process simultaneously. In the optimization procedure, the stability coefficient of the upstream and downstream slopes and the seepage through dam body as the hydraulic responses of homogeneous earth dam are required. Hence, the hydraulic responses are predicted using WLS-SVM approach. The optimal results of illustrative examples demonstrate the efficiency and computational advantages of PSO with WLS-SVM in the optimal design of homogeneous earth dams with drains.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.395-400
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• 2012

This study was conducted to estimate the growth curve parameters for the body weight (BW) and body length (BL) of miniature pigs in Korea. Growth curve parameters were estimated through a nonlinear regression model using Gompertz, Logistic, and von Bertalanffy methods. A total of 25 piglets were measured monthly from birth up to 15 months of age to estimate both body weight and length. Results showed that the estimated average values for the body weight (body length) were 31.83 kg (58.77 cm) for the mature weight (A), 3.06 (1.74) for the growth ratio (${\beta}$), and 0.28 (0.52) for the maturing rate (${\kappa}$). Average inflection points showing maximum growth rate estimated each month for body weight were 3.97 kg and 11.70 cm, while for the body length were 1.06 kg and 21.61 cm. Moreover, the estimated maturation rates of the body weight and length for the group of Sire 1 were 0.22 and 0.40 respectively, whereas for the group of Sire 2 these values were 0.34 and 0.39. On the other hand, for the groups of Dam 1, Dam 2, and Dam 3, maturation rates for their body weights were 0.26, 0.28 and 0.33 respectively, while for their body lengths these values were 0.43, 0.37, and 0.38, respectively. The study also indicated a negative relationship between the values of mature weight and maturity rate for the body weight will result to a higher inflection point which is in contrast for the body length where results show that a positive relationship between the values of mature length and the maturity rate will result to a higher inflection point. Furthermore, the growth performance of miniature pig varies across stages but using these estimated growth curve parameters could improve the genetic traits of miniature pig.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.711-724
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• 2003

Some growth curve models were used to fit individual growth of 1,083 Hanwoo cows born from 1970 to 2001 in Daekwanryeong branch, National Livestock Research Institute(NLRI). The effects of year-season of birth and age of dam were analyzed. In analysis of variance for growth curve parameters, the effects of birth year-season were significant for mature weight(A), growth ratio(b) and maturing rate(k)(P〈.01). The effects of age of dam were significant for growth ratio(b) but not significant for mature weight(A) and maturing rate(k). The linear term of the covariate of age at the final weights was significant for the A(P〈.01) and k(P〈.01) of Gompertz model, von Bertalanffy model and Logistic model. For the growth curve parameters fitted on individual data using Gompertz model, von Bertalanffy model and Logistic model, resulting the linear contrasts(fall-spring), Least square means of A in three nonlinear models were higher cows born at fall and A of Logistic model was significant(P〈.05) between the seasons. According to the results of the least square means of growth curve parameters by age of dam, least square means of mature weight(A) in Gompertz model was largest in 6 year and smallest estimating for 3 and 8 years of age of dam. The growth ratio(b) was largest in 2 year of age of dam and smallest estimating in 8 year. The A and k were not different by age of dam(p〉.05), On the other hand, the b was different by age of dam(p〈.01). The estimate of A in von Bertalanffy model was largest in 6 year and smallest in 8 and 9 years of age of dam. The b was largest in 2 year and tend to decline as age of dam increased. The A and k were not different by age of dam(p〉.05), On the other hand, the b was highly significant by age of dam(p〈.01).

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.133-136
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• 1996

The nozzle dam task is essentially needed to maintain and repair nuclear power plants. For this task, an 8-dof redundant robot is studied with a local path-planning method[l] which is effective to find the optimal joint path in the constrained environment. In this paper, the method[l] is improved practically with the weight matrix and efficient algorithm to find working set. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by simulation and animation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.619-624
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to provide the optimum mix design of fly ash concrete to be placed at the concrete face rockfill dam for pumped storage power plats. The basic performance tests including compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, unit weight, coefficient of thermal expansion, shrinkage, adiabatic temperature rise and analysis of thermal stress were conducted for fly ash concrete. From this study, the fly ash concrete represented the better results in the aspects of basic performance and economy than ordinary portland cement concrete. Especially the concrete mix design containing 15% of fly ash is recommended to be applied in the construction of the concrete face rockfill dam for pumped storage power plants.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.952-956
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• 2011

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of passive transfer status, determined by measuring serum immunoglobulin (Ig) concentration 24 hours after parturition, on growth performance in buffalo calves allowed to nurse the dam during the first month of life. Serum Ig concentration 24 hours after birth ranged from 28.1 to 35.9 mg/ml, birth weight ranged from 29 to 41 kg, body weight 30 days after birth ranged from 48.5 to 62.9 kg. The Average Daily Gain (ADG) from birth to day 30 ranged from 448 to 1,089 g/d. Significant linear associations were detected between serum Ig concentration 24 hours after birth and day-30 weight (p< 0.05; $R^2$ = 0.31) and between serum Ig concentration 24 hours after birth and ADG from birth to day 30 (p<0.001; $R^2$ = 0.72). Results indicated that passive transfer status was a significant source of variation in growth performance when buffalo calves nursed the dam. Maximizing passive transfer of immunity by allowing calves to nurse the dam can increase growth performance during the first month of life.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.401-409
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• 2002

Phthalate esters have possible effects on the endocrine system. Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most commonly wed phthalic acid esters (PAEs). It is extensively wed as a plasticizer in elastomers, as a solvent for printing inks and resins, and as a textile lubricating agent. It is also present in the formulations of various cosmetic products. DBP has been identified as a reproductive toxicant in several animal species and also know as a endocrine disruptor. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of DBP on developmental immune Junction wing rat pups as experimental animals. Timed-bred pregnant SD rats were orally dosed with 0, 250, 500, or 750 mg DBP/kg body weight once a day from gestational day (GD) 5 to 18 and postpartum day (PD) 3 to 18. On PD22, the dams and their pups were euthanized and examined for alteration in parameters associated to immune function. The results showed no significant changes in body weight, thymus weight, thymus and spleen cellularities, the polyclonal activation respones of splenocyte with ConA and LPS, and also the distribution of arterial blood cells and thymocyto subsets in both rat dam and pups. However DBP exposure on rat dam resulted in increases of liver weights of dam and their pups except 750 mg DBP/kg, and body and spleen weights in pups except 750 mg DBP/kg. On the other hands, distribution rates of CD8+ T cells at 500 mg DBP/kg and B cells at 750 mg DBP/kg among splenocyte subsets were significantly increased in rat pups, unlike dams. Reasons of these distribution alterations of CD8+ T cells and B cells in rat pups are under study.