• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.19-36
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• 2024

1개월과 3개월 장기 예보를 지원하기 위해 기상청에서 현업운용 중인 GloSea6 기후예측시스템에는 대기 중 대기화학-에어로졸 물리과정(UKCA)이 연동되어 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 저해상도의 GloSea6와 여기에 대기화학-에어로졸 과정을 연동시킨 GloSea6-UKCA를 CentOS 기반 리눅스 클러스터에 설치하여 2000년 봄철에 대한 예비적인 예측결과를 살펴보았다. 현업 고해상도 GloSea6 모델이 방대한 전산자원을 필요로 한다는 점을 고려할 때, 저해상도 GloSea6와 GloSea6-UKCA 모델은 대기화학-에어로졸 과정의 연동에 따른 효과를 살펴보기에 적합하다. 저해상도 GloSea6와 GloSea6-UKCA는 2000년 3월 1일 00Z부터 75일 간 구동되었으며, 두 모델이 예측한 2000년 4월 지상 기온과 일평균 강수량의 공간 분포를 ERA5 재분석자료와 비교하였다. GloSea6-UKCA가 예측한 기온과 강수 분포는 기존 GloSea6에 비해 ERA5 재분석자료에 보다 더 유사해졌다. 특히 우리나라를 포함한 동아시아 지역에 대해 과대 모의 경향이 있던 봄철 지상 기온과 일평균 강수량의 예측 결과의 개선이 주목할 만하다. 또한 적분 시간에 따른 예측된 기온과 강수량의 시계열에서도 GloSea6-UKCA가 GloSea6보다 재분석자료에 더 가까워진 시간 변화 경향을 살펴볼 수 있었다. 이는 대기화학-에어로졸 과정이 GloSea6에 연동되었을 때 동아시아지역 봄철 예측 성능이 개선될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.51-57
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• 1988

The purpose of this paper is to know the effect of Adjustment factor (C) in Penman equation In the modified Penman equation by Doorenbos and Pruitt (1977), Potential Evapotranspiration(PET) was calculated in cases of (1) neglecting Adjustment factor (C=1, 0, A), (2) fixing Day/Night wind ratio (URATIO) to 2.0(B-l) and computing daily URATIO (B-2), and was compared with Actual Evapotranspiration (AET) for paddy fields in Suwon (1985-1986). The followings are a summary of this study results ; 1. Using 1985-1986 meteorological data, daily average PET in cases of A, B-i, B-2 were 4.61 mm/day, 4.81 mm/day and 5.36 mm/day respectively and daily average AET was 4.26 mm/day. The increment ratios of PET based on case A were 100%, 104.34% and 116.27% 2. The range of Adjustment factor (C) in cases of B-i, B-2 were 0.916-1.140 and 0.922-1.392 respectively. 3. The regression coefficient(r) between AET and PET in cases of A, B-i, B-2 were 0.928, 0.924 and 0.915 respectively.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.235-244
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• 2006

Determining 'photosynthetically active radiation' (PAR) is a key part of calculating phytoplankton productivity in a biogeochemical model. We explore the daily and seasonal variability in the ratio of PAR irradiance to total irradiance that occurred at Ieodo Ocean Research Station (IORS) in the East China Sea under clear-sky conditions in 2004 using a simple radiative transfer model (RTM). Meteorological data observed at IORS and aerosol optical properties derived from Aerosol Robotic Network observations at Gosan are used for the RTM. Preliminary results suggest that the use of simple PAR irradiance-ratio values is appropriate in calculating phytoplankton productivity as follows: an average of $0.44\;({\pm}0.01)$ in January to an average of $0.48\;({\pm}0.01)$ in July, with average daily variabilities over these periods of about $0.016\;({\pm}0.008)$ and $0.025\;({\pm}0.008)$, respectively. The model experiments demonstrate that variations in the major controlling input parameters (i.e. solar zenith angle, precipitable water vapor and aerosol optical thickness) cause PAR irradiance ratio variation at daily and seasonal timescales. Further, increases (>0.012) in the PAR irradiance ratio just below the sea-surface are positively correlated with high solar zenith angles and strong wind stresses relative to those just above the sea-surface.

• 대기
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.47-61
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• 2013

The Punggi (風旗) is one of the meteorological instruments made in the Joseon Dynasty (朝鮮王朝). Its purpose was to observe the direction of the wind. It is estimated that it started its operation in the $16^{th}$ century at least. But it does not remain in a perfect form, like the Chugugi (測雨器) and the Supyo (水標). The Punggi (風旗) can only be found at old document data, while the stone used to build the Punggi still remains. Since the stone had been named as the Punggi-dae (風旗臺) by 和田雄治 (1917), the name has not been changed until now. The Punggi is currently located in the Gyeongbok-gung (景福宮) and the Changgyeong-gung (昌慶宮). Meantime, there have been several transfers of its position. However, 和田雄治 (1917)'s paper and the "每日新報" (Maeil-Sinbo, 1929) articles have provided new clues. Also, the word 'Hupungso (候風所)' was found in the "朝鮮王朝實錄" (The annals of the Joseon Dynasty) and the "承政院日記" (Daily records of royal secretariat of Joseon dynasty). A designed harbor where the ship was staying was usually considered a special section for wind observations. It is assumed that the Hupungso was in most of the harbors at that time. This paper assumes the Punggi and the Hupungso had a lot of interest in wind observations in the Joseon Dynasty. In this study, we'll look for contained information about the Punggi and the viewpoints about wind during the Joseon Dynasty.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2020

High-resolution meteorological simulations were conducted using a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with an Urban Canopy Model (UCM) in the Ulsan Metropolitan Region (UMR) where large-scale industrial facilities are located on the coast. We improved the land cover input data for the WRF-UCM by reclassifying the default urban category into four detailed areas (low and high-density residential areas, commercial areas, and industrial areas) using subdivided data (class 3) of the Environmental and Geographical Information System (EGIS). The urban area accounted for about 12% of the total UMR and the largest proportion (47.4%) was in the industrial area. Results from the WRF-UCM simulation in a summer episode with high temperatures showed that the modeled temperatures agreed greatly with the observations. Comparison with a standard WRF simulation (WRF-BASE) indicated that the temporal and spatial variations in surface air temperature in the UMR were properly captured. Specifically, the WRF-UCM reproduced daily maximum and nighttime variations in air temperature very well, indicating that our model can improve the accuracy of temperature simulation for a summer heatwave. However, the WRF-UCM somewhat overestimated wind speed in the UMR largely due to an increased air temperature gradient between land and sea.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2001

기상청에서 덕적도와 칠발도에 설치한 해양기상 관측부이 자료를 이용하여 해양 및 대기 특성과 해양-대기간의 열교환을 살펴보았다. 각 관측지점에서의 일평균 현열속 및 잠열속은 벌크공기역학법을 적용하여 계산하였다. 표층수온은 기온과 같이 뚜렷한 연주기를 보이지만, 1달 정도 시간지연을 가진다. 해면기압은 7월에 가장 낮았고 겨울에 가장 높았으며, 습도는 5-8월 사이 비교적 높았다. 풍속은 가을과 겨울에 평균 5m/s 이상으로 강한 편이었다. 현열속 분석결과 가을부터 겨울에 걸처 해양의 열손실이 두드러졌으며, 봄과 여름에는 반대로 대기에서 해양으로의 약한 열전달이 이루어져 연중 순현열속은 해양에서 대기로의 열전달을 보여주었다. 잠열속 분석결과 봄에서 여름까지 대기의 열손실이 나타나지만, 그 외 기간에는 해양의 열손실이 월등히 크게 나타났다. 현열속과 잠열속의 크기를 비교해 볼 때,1-2월을 제외하고는 전반적으로 현열속보다 잠열속에 의한 해양의 열손실이 우세함을 알 수 있었다. 관측지점별로 분석한 열속의 크기와 변동폭은 대체적으로 덕적도에서 더 크게 나타났다. 일정 기간을 선정한 사례연구에서, 1998년 5월사례의 경우 현열속과 잠열속 모두 칠발도에서 더 크고, 1996년 11월 사례의 경우에는 덕적도에서 훨씬 크게 나타났다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.132-142
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• 2010

우리나라에서 대표적 녹차재배 지역인 화개지역과 악양지역의 2009년 기상특성을 정리하면 화개지역과 악양지역의 연평균 기온은 각각 $14.5^{\circ}C$와 $14.2^{\circ}C$이며, 두 지역의 월평균기온을 보면 가장 더운 달은 8월로 각각 $25.4^{\circ}C$와 $24.9^{\circ}C$이고 가장 추운 달은 1월로 각각 $0.3^{\circ}C$와 $0.2^{\circ}C$ 이었으며, 일 최고기온은 각각 $28.4^{\circ}C$와 $27.9^{\circ}C$이고 일 최저기온은 $-5.0^{\circ}C$와 $-5.4^{\circ}C$이다. 연평균일교차는 화개지역이 $11.3^{\circ}C$이고 악양지역은 $11.1^{\circ}C$이다. 화개와 악양지역의 연평균습도는 각각 62.7%와 65.3% 이고, 연강수량은 1,387mm와 1,793mm로 2008년 대비 각각 605mm와 835mm가 더 내렸고, 5월부터 8월까지 화개 1,074mm, 악양 1,374mm로 집중적인 강수량을 보였다. 이것은 2009년 전체 강수량의 77.6%와 76.6%에 해당하는 수치로써 나머지 달에 비해 많은 강수량을 보임을 알 수 있다. 연평균 일조시간은 2,054.3시간으로 관측되었고 4, 5월에 각각 232.2시간과 235.1시간으로 가장 긴 일조시간을 보인 반면에 7, 8월에는 각각 102.5시간과 28.8시간으로 가장 짧은 일조시간을 보였다. 풍향은 가을과 겨울에 서북서, 서, 북서계열의 서풍이 불었고 봄, 여름철에는 남동, 북북동, 남동계열의 동풍이 불었으며, 연평균 풍속은 1.5m/s로 관측 되었으며 12월이 2.0m/s로 평균 풍속이 가장 높은 달이었고 2월이 1.1m/s로 평균풍속 이 가장 낮은 달이었다. 순간최대풍속은 3월 13일에 측정된 23.3m/s이었다. 2009년 조사된 기상관측정보를 토대로 매년 기상관측정보를 데이터화해서 녹차재배지역의 기상환경을 이해하고 생장환경 정보를 수집하며 최적의 녹차재배 환경의 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2000

Changing patterns and the possibility of climate change in the area of Cheiudo island, the southernmost Island in Korea, were analyzed using daily temperature and Precipitation data observed at the Cheiu Regional Meteorological Office from May 1923 to December 1998. A hydrologic simulation model "BROOK" was used to simulate and analyze the dynamics of daily soil moisture content and soil moisture deficit by applying the daily weather data. During the period, significantly increasing pattern was observed in temperature data of both annual and monthly basis, while no significantly changing pattern was observed in precipitation data. During the last 76 years. mean annual temperature was observed to have risen about 1.4$^{\circ}C$, which may show the Possibility of the initiation of climate change on the island whose validity should be tested in future studies after long-term studies on temperature. Based on the simulation, due to increased temperature, significant increase was predicted in evapotranspiration. while no significant decrease was detected in simulated soil moisture content during the period. Changing pattern of annual soil moisture content was markedly different from those of precipitation. In some dominant trees, negative effects of the drought of the late season for the previous year were shown to be statistically significant to radial growth of the tree for the current year. As annual variation of radial growth of trees is mainly affected by the soil moisture content. the information on the dynamics of soil moisture deficit possibly provides us with useful information for the interpretation of tree growth decline on the mountain. mountain.

• 대기
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.73-89
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• 2010

An updateable model output statistics (UMOS) system for daily maximum and minimum temperature ($T_M$ and $T_m$) over South Korea based on the Canadian UMOS system were developed and validated. RDAPS (regional data assimilation and prediction system) and KWRF (Korea WRF) which have quite different physics and dynamics were used for the development of UMOS system. The 20 most frequently selected potential predictors for each season, station, and forecast projection time from the 68 potential predictors of the MOS system, were used as potential predictors of the UMOS system. The UMOS equations were developed through the weighted blending of the new and old model data, with weights chosen to emphasize the new model data while including enough old model data to ensure stable equations and a smooth transition of dependency from the old model to the new model. The UMOS equations are being updated by every 7 days. The validation results of $T_M$ and $T_m$ showed that seasonal mean bias, RMSE, and correlation coefficients for the total forecast projection times are -0.41-0.17 K, 1.80-2.46 K, and 0.80-0.97, respectively. The performance is slightly better in autumn and winter than in spring and summer. Also the performance of UMOS system are clearly dependent on location, better at the coastal region than inland area. As in the MOS system, the performance of UMOS system is degraded as the forecast day increases.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.54-59
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• 2020

Within the IEA (International Energy Agency) PVPS (Photovoltaic Power System) Programme Task 15, 'Enabling Framework for the Acceleration of BIPV,' a round-robin action focusing on the performance of vertical BIPV elements as a facade in different climatic environments was performed. The performance of identical (both, in construction and bill of materials (BOM)) glass-to-glass c-Si BIPV elements was monitored at seven outdoor test sites in 6 different countries in Europe and Asia. In this work, the comprehensive results of the electrical and corresponding meteorological data will be presented and discussed. The monitored data were merged, processed, and filtered for further analysis. The analysis includes the chracteristics of the module temperatures and the in-plane irradiation at the outdoor test locations, mean daily PR per test module, time series of mean daily performance ratio coefficients, and monthly yield.