• 기록학연구
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• 제2호
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• pp.129-168
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• 2000

$Chos{\check{o}}n$ Dynasty was governed by the words of king, however, if they were not announced by the form of public document, they were useless. Therefore, the form of public document was the symbol of governing activity, and it was very important to manage the public record in operating the nation affairs. However, the point we should consider is that $Chos{\check{o}}n$ Dynasty, in the case of managing the public record, edited 'the original' instead of preserving them. And so, the preservation of the public record was deeply related to the editing of history. In Late Korea dynasty, the management of the public record got into utter confusion and so many troubles were occurred. In order to resolve these problems, the movements which innovated the public record managements system was gradually extended. This movements were continued in $Chos{\check{o}}n$ Dynasty. Finally, through the several modification procedures, the rules of public record management were legislated by 'Kyong Kuk Dae Jeon'(經國大典). Especially, by laws of 'Kyong Kuk Dae Jeon', not only the daily records of Secretary Department(承政院) but also the important documents which was related to the government branch should be booked in the last decade of the year and the number of the books had to be reported to the king. This rule made certification of the fact that the king was the last confirmer of the public record management. In addition, through the procedure of printing the record of the national affairs, and the diplomatic once in three years, and then preserving that public record in the National Department(議政府), other departments responsible and the archives, the National Department practically took part in the public record management. The management system was also changed in order that the public record was virtually used and consulted before taking the procedure of immortal preservation. All public documents were classified by the definite rule and filed in a same volume. After classifying and filing, certainly, for making convenience of reference and application of public record, records were indicated by the paper card. It may be that, after the step of reference, application and indicating, the public documents were gradually transferred to the next step. In these procedures, Early $Chos{\check{o}}n$ public documents system was confirmed.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2019

트리티케일 품종 '조영'은 2015년에 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서 육성되었다. '조영'은 넓이가 중간이고 길이가 긴 녹색 잎과 갈색이면서 중간 길이의 종실을 가졌다. '조영'은 출수기가 전국 평균 4월 30일로 표준품종인 '신영'보다 2일 빨랐으며, 한해는 '신영'과 대등하였고, 줄기가 굵고 초장이 짧아 도복에는 강하였으며, 습해 흰가루병 잎녹병 등에 저항성을 보였다. 생초수량은 ha당 평균 40.5톤, 건물수량은 15.7톤으로 표준품종과 대등하였다. 품질특성으로 '조영'은 '신영'에 비해 조단백질 함량이 5.9 %로 다소 높았고, NDF 및 ADF 함량도 각각 57.3 %와 33.9%로 다소 높았으며, TDN 함량은 62.2 %로 약간 낮았다. '조영'은 종실 수량이 ha당 5.59톤으로 4.05톤인 '신영'에 비해 38 %가 많았다. 적응지역은 1월 최저평균기온이 $-10^{\circ}C$ 이상인 지역이면 전국 어느 곳에서나 재배가 가능하다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.154-162
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• 2005

Objectives: To analyze the relationships of socioeconomic status(SES) to health status and health behaviors in the elderly. Methods: Data were obtained from self-administered questionnaire of 4,587 persons, older than 65 years, living in a community. We measured the sociodemographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, health status (subjective health status, acute disease, admission experience, dental state, chronic disease etc.), activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and mini-mental state examination-Korean (MMSEK). Binary and multinominal logistic regression analyses were employed to analyze factors affecting on the socioeconomic status of the elderly. Results: With regard to the SES and health status, those with a low SES had poorer subjective health states and lower satisfaction about their physical health. Also, acute disease experiences, admission rates and tooth deciduation rates were higher in those of low SES. In the view of physical and cognitive functions, the ADL, IADL and MMSE-K scores were also lower in those of low SES. However, with regard to health behaviors, lower smoking and alcohol drinking rates were found in the low SES group, and a similar trend was shown with regular physical exercise, eating breakfast, and regular physical health check-up. From these findings, we surmise that those with low SES have a poorer health condition and less money to spend on health, therefore, they can not smoke or drink alcohol, exercise and or have a physical health check-up. Conclusion: This study suggests that socioeconomic status plays an important role in health behaviors and status of the elderly. Low socioeconomic status bring about unhealthy behavior and poor health status in the elderly. Therefore, more specific target oriented(esp. low SES persons) health promotion activities for the elderly are very important to improve not only their health status, but their health inequity also.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.372-386
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to explore the degree of stress in caregivers caring for CVA patients and the level of daily living performance of CVA patients. The subjects for the study were caregivers of 112 CVA patients who enter a hospital or out-patient-department (OPD) at two Oriental medical hospital in Jeonbuk province. The survey instruments used in this study were Kang's ADL check list for daily living performance of patients and Choi's 4 sore scale for stress of caregivers. The survey was conducted from July 4th to August 30th in 1999. The survey results were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS) program and can be summarized as follows: 1. The level of daily living performance for the CVA patients was: 1) complete dependence (M=14.9, 13.1%), 2) complete independence (M=23.6, 20.9%), 3) incomplete independence (M=23.9, 21.0%), 4) incomplete dependence (M=26.6, 25%), 5) dependence and independence (M=23.0, 20.0%). The items for with there was a high level daily living performance were: 1) drinking (M=3.62), 2) eating(M=3.25). 3) position returning (M=3.18) : and the items for which there was a low level of daily living performance were: 1) ascending and descending stairs (M=2.08), 2) walking (M=2.47), 3) dressing and undressing trousers (M=2.55). 2. Degree of caregiver stress was: Mean=2.39 at 40 score. The items for which was a high level caregiver stress were: 1) medical fee (M=3.25), 2) being handicapped or recurrence (M=3.02) : and the items for which there was a low level of caregiver stress were: 1) discontinuity of patient's treatment (M = 1.98). 2) change of home atmosphere caused by patient's disease (M = 1.98), 3) desire of patient's knowing about disease (M= 1.99). 3. There was statistically significant difference in the degree of caregiver stress according to the following caregiver's demographic characteristics: education level (F=3.52, P=0.03). change of caregiver (F=5.41. P=0.02). 4. There was a statistically signifiant difference in the level of daily living performance according to the CVA patients demographic characteristics: patient's paralytic status (F=4.48, P=0.01), duration of disease (t=2.76, P=0.03). 5. There was significant difference in degree of caregiver stress according to the CVA patient's demographic characteristics: CVA status (F=4.75, P=0.01). 6. There was statistically significant difference in the degree of caregiver stress according to the level of daily living performance in CVA patients(r=-0.482, P<0.00).

• 응용통계연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

한국의 네 개 도시(서울, 대구, 춘천, 영천)의 일일 최고기온을 모형화하여, 이에 적합한 분포를 제안하고 분포의 적합성을 여러 가지 방법에 의하여 검토하였다. 제안된 분포는 극단간 분포의 일종이며, 적합성 검토는 카이제곱 적합도 검정, Q-Q plot,확률 그림과 5000번의 모의실험을 통하여 허용한계를 구하였다 그 결과 제안된 극단간 분포(Extreme Value Distribution)가 일일 최고기온을 잘 설명하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 논문에서 나타난 실제 데이터의 그림은 서울의 1월과 6월을 중심으로 하였고, 대상지역의 2006년과 100년 후 2105년의 평균기온과, 제 안된 극단값 분포에 의해 95% 신뢰구간하에서 일일 최고기온의 평균 상한값을 예측하였다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2011

목 적: 본 연구에서는 본원에서 보유하고 있는 선형가속기 Clinac IX과 21EX (Varian, Palo Alto, CA)에 대하여 2008년부터 2010년까지 CHECKMATE$^{TM}$ (Sun Nuclear, Melbourne, FL)를 이용하여 측정한 일일 출력 값을 바탕으로 절대 선량에 대한 오차 범위를 평가함으로써 그 유용성을 확인하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 일일 정도 관리는 Varian사의 21EX, IX 두 대의 선형가속기의 광자선(6 MV, 10 MV)을 대상으로 매일 치료시작 전 CHECKMATE$^{TM}$를 사용하여 측정되었고, 절대선량은 격주간격으로 물 팬텀을 이용하여 측정되었다. 21EX의 경우 2008년부터 2010년, IX는 2009년부터 2010년까지의 일일 정도 관리의 측정치와 절대선량 측정치의 데이터 값을 분석하였다. 각 데이터는 Excel 2007 (Microsoft, USA)을 이용하여 평균, 표준편차, 신뢰수준을 평가하였고, CHECKMATE$^{TM}$의 측정값과 절대선량의 유의성을 확인하기 위하여 각 데이터의 오차 값을 각각 비교 분석하였다. 결 과: 관찰 기간 동안 두 장비의 절대선량의 출력은 시간이 지남에 따라 점차 증가함을 보였고, 이 증가는 6 MV와 10 MV 두 에너지 모두에서 비슷한 양의 증가 추세를 보이고 있었다. 또한 CHECKMATE$^{TM}$의 측정치와 절대선량 값의 오차율은 모두 0.34 이하로 나타나 두 측정값이 서로 유의관계가 있음을 보였다. CHECKMATE$^{TM}$ 측정값이 상향됨을 확인 후 이를 조정하기 위하여 절대선량 측정하였고, 오차범위 2~3%에 근접한 경우 출력 값을 교정한 횟수는 21EX는 4회, IX는 3회였다. 결 론: CHECKMATE$^{TM}$를 이용하여 2년 동안 일일 출력 변화를 측정하고 분석한 결과, 품질 관리 시 준수해야 하는 출력 값이 허용 오차 범위 2~3% 내에서 절대선량의 측정값들과 유의성이 있음을 보였다. 따라서 선형가속기의 보다 효율적이며 신뢰도가 있는 일일 출력 검증을 위하여, CHECKMATE$^{TM}$의 사용을 고려할 수 있다. 또한 각 기관에서의 선형가속기 출력 값의 변화 추세를 파악하고 각 출력 값 교정에 참고할 수 있는 좋은 기준이 될 수 있다고 사료된다.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2012

In this study, oral health promotion behaviors of employees, daily frequency of tooth brushing, tooth brushing method, brushing time, whether or not to use oral hygiene accessories, and regular dental check-up to investigate oral health status of workers to the workplace and was to provide basic data for the development of oral health program to promote oral health. This study was performed from 2011 May 2 to May 20, 249 industrial workers in Ulsan metropolitan city surveyed and collected data using PASW 18.0 ver, descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi-square test was performed. In the result, the importance of oral health recognition was lacked, in order to maintain and promote the oral health status of industrial workers, regular dental check-up on oral health counseling and oral health education were conducted together and raising awareness of workers' oral health was necessary to improve level of oral health status.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제65권5호
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• pp.857-861
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• 2016

In this study, we proposed a new method that can be measure ECG (Electrocardiography) and PPG (Photoplethysmography) in realtime on the site of the wrist for check the state of health in daily life. For convenience measurement of ECG the lead I method was used on the wrist, and omit the reference junction ECG I was measured in the right hand and the left hand of the potential difference. Then the measured electrocardiogram was amplified by the differential amplifier and the signals were passed HPF, LPF, and BPF filters. For removing the PPG's noise from the Motion artifact and temperature, we apply the reflective photoelectric volume pulse wave measurement method using green LED as a light source. The circuits was designed to be able to check the waveform using higher active amplification method at weak signals. For the validation of our device, the measured signals were compared with E2-KIT on same time. The results shows that the error does not exceed the maximum one, most of the data is confirmed to be issued Peak inspection of the same number.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2014

Purpose: This study tries to explore and analyse Service Attached Elderly Housing of Japan in order to prepare new elderly housing type effectively for aged society of Korea. Service Attached Elderly Housing was introduced in 2011 and it includes existing elderly housing of Japan such as Designated Elderly Housing, Elderly Friendly Housing and Superior Elderly Housing. Methods: Historical transition of Japanese elderly housing and background of the introduction of Service Attached Elderly Housing have been reviewed first. Thereafter research team visited to 3 elderly housings of Japan providing elderly services such as elderly care, meal, cleaning, washing, safety check, entertainment, etc. Based on the literature survey and field trip, the characteristics of Service Attached Elderly Housing have been drew out. Results: As the characteristics of Service Attached Elderly Housing of Japan, mixed use facility, community based housing, generation mix, barrier free design, and provision of daily life service for the elderly have been identified. Implications: Not only physical consideration including Universal Design but also elderly services such as elderly care, meal, housework, safety check, entertainment and so on are necessary for the supply of elderly housing.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.849-861
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships among snack habits, oral health practice, and oral health status in preschool children. Methods: The subjects were 209 preschool children and their mothers in Jeonbuk from March 24 to May 30, 2014. The study instruments comprised snack habits, oral health practice, and oral health status. Data were analyzed for independent t-test, one way ANOVA and hierarchical multiple regression using SPSS Win 21.0 version. Results: Higher dft index was shown in the older age (p=0.033), lower mother's education (p<0.001), lower mother's daily toothbrushing (p<0.001), check-up after tooth-brushing (p<0.001), tooth-brushing practice before sleeping (p<0.001), tooth-brushing practice after snack (p<0.001), regular dental check-up (p<0.001), fluoride and sealant for prevention caries (p<0.001), limitation of sugar snack intake (p<0.007), periodic replacement toothbrush (p=0.022). The cause of higher dft index included soda (p<0.001), yogurt (p<0.001), snack (p=0.002), bread and cake (p=0.002) and caramel and candy (p<0.001). Fruit (p<0.001), vegetable (p<0.001) and milk (p=0.004) decreased dft index. Factors affecting oral health status were tooth-brushing practice before sleeping, tooth-brushing practice after snack, regular dental check-up, fluoride and sealant for prevention caries, and intake of soda, yogurt, caramel, candy, and fruit. The explanation power of the final model was 67.6%. Conclusions: It is necessary to develop the oral health education program for the preschool children and mothers to enhance the best oral health condition.