• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.1065-1071
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• 2023

This study compared antioxidant activity through DPPH radical scavenging activity of broccoli extract, low temperature (5℃ or less), and high temperature (50℃ or higher) storage conditions. As a result of the experiment, high DPPH radical scavenging activity of 95.5% was confirmed at 1% concentration of broccoli extract, and antioxidant power was maintained at a high level even under storage conditions due to temperature changes. Even cream containing 5% broccoli extract has been confirmed to maintain safety and stability in both preparation stability, discoloration and odor change, pH, and primary adhesion tests. Through these studies, it has been confirmed that broccoli extract is a safe and effective cosmetic material for the skin through high antioxidant activity and antioxidant power maintenance due to temperature changes.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.350-356
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant compounds and activities of Prunus yedoensis Matsumura bark (PYMB) ethanol extracts (EE) and various other fractions. Among them, the highest total phenol content was 496.80 mg gallic acid equivalent/g in the ethyl acetate fractions (EAF). The flavonoid contents were 7.26-265.52 rutin equivalent mg/g, with the EAF showing the highest levels. The highest proanthocyanidin content was determined to be 326.31 catechin equivalent mg/g in the EAF and the remaining values in descending order were as follows: n-butanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, water, and n-hexane. EAF exhibited the highest DPPH, ABTS⁺, superoxide^- radical scavenging activities, and reducing power, whereas the nitrite scavenging activities were the highest in the case of the EE. The n-hexane and water fraction antioxidant compounds and activities were lower than those of the other fractions. In summary, these results suggest that the PYMB EAF is a potential source of natural antioxidants.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.827-832
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• 2012

This study was conducted to develop HTHP ginseng (high temperature and high pressure ginseng) with improved antioxidative activity and phenolic acid composition by high temperature and high pressure process. The HTHP ginseng extract was analyzed for the total phenol content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and phenolic acid composition. The total phenol content was increased in HTHP ginseng (14.76 mg/g) compared to raw ginseng (3.59 mg/g) and red ginseng (3.93 mg/g). DPPH radical scavenging activities of HTHP ginseng, raw ginseng and red ginseng extracts were 4.8~78.4%, 1~47.4% and 1.8~56.5% at $1{\sim}100mg/m{\ell}$ concentration. Also ABTS radical scavenging activities of HTHP ginseng, raw ginseng and red ginseng extracts were 8.9~99.8%, 3.4~96% and 1.2~96.5% at $1{\sim}100mg/m{\ell}$ concentration. In HPLC analysis, amounts of measured phenolic acid of HTHP ginseng greatly increased than raw ginseng and red ginseng, but salicylic acid was not detected in HTHP ginseng. In addition, DPPH radical scavenging activity of phenolic acid from HTHP ginseng was increased. Consequently, we believe high temperature and high pressure process is better method than existing method to increase the bioactivity of ginseng.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.341-349
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• 2013

In this study, the anti-oxidative and anti-obesity activities of two medicinal herb extracts, Tetrapanax papyriferus (TP) and Siegesbeckia pubescens (SP), were evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging activity assay, lipase enzyme inhibition assay, and the cell culture model system. Both methanol extracts of TP and SP showed DPPH radical scavenging activities dose-dependently, and the $IC_{50}$ of DPPH radical scavenging activities of the two medicinal herbs were 65.23 and 47.79 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Furthermore, both extracts suppressed effectively lipase enzyme activity dose-dependently. Moreover, TP and SP extracts significantly suppressed adipocyte differentiation, lipid accumulation, triglyceride (TG) contents on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. Their anti-obesity effect was modulated by cytidine-cytidine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine (CCAAT)/enhancer binding proteins ${\alpha}$ ($C/EBP{\alpha}$), $C/EBP{\beta}$ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$) gene and protein expressions. Furthermore, TP and SP possessed a synergistic effect on anti-obesity activity. The identification of the active compounds that confer the anti-obesity activity of TP and SP might be needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.1318-1322
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to analyze the antioxidant properties of Lycii folium extracts prepared from different solvents. Lycii folium were extracted with water, 80% ethanol (80% EtOH), 80% methanol (80% MeOH) and 100% methanol (100% MeOH) in water bath at $40^{\circ}C$. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using DPPH, hydroxyl and hydrogen radical scavenging activities, and SOD-liked activity. Total phenolic acid contents were 1.085 mg/mL in 100% MeOH, 1.382 mg/mL in 80% EtOH, 1.420 mg/mL in 80% MeOH and 1.084 mg/mL in water. DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extracts were 65.60% in 80% EtOH, 56.80% in 80% MeOH, 83.85% in 100% MeOH and 54.65% in water. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activities were 66.65% in 100% MeOH, 73.13% in 80% ethanol, 73.58% in 80% MeOH and 70.73% in water. Hydrogen radical scavenging activity of the extracts prepared from Lycii folium were 11.70% in 100% MeOH, 33.73% in 80% EtOH, 35.40% in 80% M eOH and 23.86% in water. SOD-liked activity of the extracts prepared from Lycii folium was 71.58% in 100% MeOH, 74.29% in 80% EtOH, 88.46% in 80% MeOH and 67.47% in water. Our result showed that Lycii folium extracts prepared from 80% methanol were found to be promising biomaterials with antioxidant effects.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.150-157
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• 2007

Hamcho(Salicorinia herbacea, glasswort), a halophyte, is an annual succulent shrub that grows on coastal wetlands and has been regarded as a functional food for good health. Natural dried red and green Hamcho were extracted with 25% ethanol and water at 70$^{\circ}C$. The antioxidant activities of these four extracts were examined by six different assays, including the measurement of total phenolics, radical scavenging effects on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH), nitric oxide(NO) and nitrite(NO$_2$) scavenging effects, reducing power, and the inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity. The total phenolic contents of the four extracts were high at 237 ${\sim}$ 255 mg of gallic acid equivalents per 1 g of dried sample tested. The green Hamcho extracts contained more phenolic compounds than the red Hamcho extracts. When they were compared to tocopherols, the antioxidant activities of the green and red Hamcho powders were significantly higher at the same concentration levels(5 mg and 3 mg, respectively) in a POV test. The inhibition effects of the four extracts at a level of 75 ${\mu}l$ were higher than 98% in the POV test. The red Hamcho 25% ethanol extract showed a high significant effect on DPPH radical scavenging(SC$_{50}$, 90.1 ${\mu}l$). The green Hamcho 25% ethanol extract, however, showed a high significant effect on NO radical scavenging(SC$_{50}$, 6.1 ${\mu}l$). The NO$_2$ radical scavenging effect was assayed at pH 1.2, 4.2 and 6.0, and all the Hamcho extracts scavenged the NO$_2$ radical much more effectively at pH 1.2. The NO$_2$ scavenging effect of the red Hamcho 25% ethanol extract(64%) was as high as that of 5 mM vitamin C at pH 1.2(p<0.05). In the reducing power test, the red Hamcho 25% ethanol extract revealed the highest ferric ion reducing activity among the Hamcho extracts, and its activity was as high as that of 0.33 mg/ml of vitamin C. The four Hamcho extracts showed high tyrosinase inhibition effects of more than 80%, and their activities were higher than 50${\mu}$g of kojic acid. The green and red Hamcho 25% ethanol extracts totally inhibited tyrosinase activity(100%). Therefore, the results suggest that red Hamcho extracts may serve as useful natural antioxidants along with green Hamcho extracts.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.193-199
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• 2013

We investigated the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of the methanol extracts from Korean folk plants (MKs) in Chungcheong Province. Among 30 MKs, 16 plants at $100{\mu}g/ml$ showed over 90% scavenging activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) and 30 plants exerted the hydroxyl radical scavenging effect over 55%. Fourteen plants at the concentration $50{\mu}g/30{\mu}l$ showed strong microbial inhibition activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with clear zone greater than 11 mm in disc assays. Furthermore, the protective effect against anti-inflammatory system using RAW 264.7 macrophage cell was also studied. The treatment of LPS & INF-${\gamma}$ to RAW 264.7 cell induced nitric oxide (NO), however inhibit the formation of NO less than 50% of 5 plants. The present result indicates that the 30 species of MKs exerts protective effect of oxidative stress, antimicrobial activities and anti-inflammatory. In particular, Rhus javanica and Cornus controversa showed stronger effect on not only radical scavenging activity and inhibits growth of S. aureus but also highest protective effects from inflammation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.379-386
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• 2012

This study was conducted to compare and analyze change of content of polyphenol and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (HBA), which is an index-component, and antioxidant activity between fermented Gastrodia elata Blume and non-fermented G. elata Blume. The polyphenol contents before and after the fermentation were 108.65 and 389.99 mg/mL respectively, and the content of index-component HBA increased from 2.46 mg/g before fermentation to 7.94 mg/g after fermentation. In comparison between the non-fermented G. elata Blume extract (NFGE) and fermented G. elata Blume extract (FGE) in DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide radical scavenging assay, we found that FGE showed more activity than NFGE as the extract was more concentrated. Especially, the superoxide radical scavenging activity was increased more than twenty times in FGE. In conclusion, we confirmed increase in the electron donating ability and radical scavenging when the dried G. elata Blume is fermented, and its further feasibility as an antioxidant.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.126-135
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cellular adhesion molecules effects of Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus, Artemisiae Capillaris Herba, Curcumae Radix, Crataegi Fructus, Salviae Militiorrhizae Radix complex extract(AMCP) on the inhibition of atherosclerosis in HUVEC. We measured DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity of AMCP to evaluate its antioxidant effect. And we also measured the expression level of NF-κB, IκBα, ERK, JNK, p38 proteins to evaluate its anti-inflammatory effect. Lastly, we measured the expression level of MCP-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 mRNA and their level to evaluate its anti-celluar adhesion molecules. AMCP did not show any cytotoxicity in HUVEC within the concentraion tested except for a concentration of 400 ㎍/㎖. AMCP increased the DPPH radical scavenging activitiy and ABTS radical scavenging activity in HUVEC as the concentration of AMCP rises. AMCP significantly reduced NF-κB, IκBα, JNK, ERK and p38 protein expression in HUVEC compared to control group. AMCP significantly reduced MCP-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 gene expresion in HUVEC compared to control group. AMCP significantly decreased the levels of MCP-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 in HUVEC compared to control group. These results suggest that AMCP has effects on antioxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-cellular adhesion molecule, which helps the treatment and prevention of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.299-306
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• 2016

Purpose: Curcuma aromatica Salisb., commonly known as turmeric, has long been used as a powerful health-promoting anti-inflammatory or antioxidant that supports cellular health of the human body. The objective of this study was to compare the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the samples with or without fermentation. Methods: Antioxidant activities of the samples were compared using total phenol, flavonoid contents, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cation radical scavenging activity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Antimicrobial activities were also examined using the paper disc method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results: Organic acid content of the C. aromatica Salisb. fermented with Aspergillus oryzae (FCAS) showed a significantly higher value of 0.41% than that of the typical sample without fermentation (CAS) which showed a value of 0.27% (p<0.001). Total phenol and flavonoid contents of the CAS and FCAS did not show significant differences. However, ABTS cation radical scavenging activity and DPPH radical scavenging activity were significantly increased in the samples with fermentation (p<0.001, p<0.01), respectively. The samples of the disc showed inhibited growth of gram positive Bacillus cereus (FCAS 3.70 cm and CAS 2.73 cm) and Staphylococcus aureus (FCAS 2.70 cm and CAS 1.97 cm). MIC of the FCAS (0.25-0.50, 0.5-1.00 mg/mL) was higher than that of the CAS (1.00-2.00, 2.00-3.00 mg/mL), respectively. Conclusion: C. aromatica Salisb. with fermentation showed higher antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in this study. Thus we conclude that fermentation can be a helpful process for more effective application of C. aromatica Salisb. with fermentation in the health-promoting food industry.