• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2010

The aim of this study is to examine the radical scavenging activity of perilla and sesame oil that Koreans traditionally consume. For DPPH radical scavenging activity, oil and its hexane/70% methanol extracts (ME) are used and for superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, ME are used. Unrefined perilla oil, sesame oil, and refined sunflower oil are used. The yields for ME of perilla, sesame and sunflower oil are 0.57, 0.61, and 0.30%, respectively, and the amounts of phenolic compounds in ME of corresponding oil are 18.77, 88.64 and $0.05\;{\mu}g$ tannic acid/mg, respectively. $IC_{50}$ for DPPH scavenging activity of perilla, sesame and sunflower oil are 2.12, 1.91, and 3.35 mg/mL, respectively and those for ME of corresponding oils are 0.42, 0.07, and 43.11 mg/mL, respectively. In DPPH assay, the solvent used for oil sample is iso-octane and that for ME is methanol. Superoxide anion scavenging activity of ME of perilla, sesame and sunflower oil tested at 1 mg/mL concentration are 21.10, 13.25, and 3.14%, respectively. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of those samples tested at 1 mg/mL concentration are 86.08, 93.30, and 93.17%, respectively. In summary, the refining process seems to remove the phenolic compound during oil processing. Antiradical substances in perilla and sesame oils responsible for scavenging DPPH radicals are present in the methanol fraction, while the antiradical substances in the sunflower oil are in the lipid fraction. DPPH scavenging activity of ME of sesame oil is significantly higher than that of perilla oil (p<0.05). However, superoxide anion scavenging capacity of ME of perilla oils was found to be greater than that of both sesame and sunflower oils (p<0.05).

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.296-303
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• 2021

In this study, the antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity of Lindera obtusiloba flower fermentation extracts were identified. To evulate antioxidant activity and antioxidant concentration, polyphenol concentration measurements, flavonoid concentrations measurements, DPPH experiments, and ABTS experiments were conducted. In Flavonoids, DPPH and ABTS assay, antioxidant activity were increased after fermentation. At this time, the flavonoid concentration was 5.0%, the DPPH experiment showed 33.27% and the ABTS experiment showed 29.82% antioxidant increase. In the anti-inflammatory experiment, we conducted a cytotoxicity experiment and an anti-inflammatory experiment for LPS-induced inflammation. Cytotoxicity showed low cytotoxicity in both control and fermentation groups, but lower cytotoxicity in fermentation groups. In the case of NO production inhibition, fermented Lindera obtusiloba flowers showed an increase in anti-inflammatory activity by more than 50% compared to the control group, showing that they can be used as a cosmetic ingredient with anti-inflammatory function.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.7053-7060
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• 2015

In the present work, novel orange peel was extracted with 100%EtOH (ethanol) and fractionated into four fractions namely F1, F2, F3, F4 which were eluted from paper chromatographs using 100%EtOH, 80%EtOH, 50%EtOH and pure water respectively. The crude extract and its four fractions were evaluated for their total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and radical scavenging activity using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay. Their cytotoxic activity using WST assay and DNA damage by agarose gel electrophoresis were also evaluated in a human leukemia HL-60 cell line. The findings revealed that F4 had the highest TPC followed by crude extract, F2, F3 and F1. However, the crude extract had the highest TFC followed by F4, F3, F2, and F1. Depending on the values of $EC_{50}$ and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, F4 possessed the strongest antioxidant activity while F1 and F2 displayed weak antioxidant activity. Further, incubation HL-60 cells with extract/fractions for 24h caused an inhibition of cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. F3 and F4 exhibited a high antiproliferative activity with a narrow range of $IC_{50}$ values ($45.9-48.9{\mu}g/ml$). Crude extract exhibited the weakest antiproliferative activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of $314.89{\mu}g/ml$. Analysis of DNA fragmentation displayed DNA degradation in the form of a smear-type pattern upon agarose gel after incubation of HL-60 cells with F3 and F4 for 6 h. Overall, F3 and F4 appear to be good sources of phytochemicals with antioxidant and potential anticancer activities.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1332-1340
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• 2017

In this study, we assessed antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-Alzheimer activities of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten (OFI) at harvest time. OFIs were cultivated December 2015~November 2016 in Jeju island. The 70% ethanol extracts of OFI were used to investigate total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, antioxidant(DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay), anti-diabetic(yeast ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and rat ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition assay), and anti-Alzheimer(Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition assay) activities. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of OFIs were $17.40{\sim}23.11{\mu}g$ garlic acid/mg Ex and 2.17~6.22 ug (+)-catechine/mg Ex, respectively. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity of OFIs were 131.98~184.90 mg ascorbic acid(AA) eq/100 g and 63.60~101.83 mg AA eq/100 g, respectively. In the anti-diabetic and anti-Alzheimer activities, 70% ethanol extracts of OFI exhibited moderate inhibition activity, compared to control (acarbose and beberine). Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-Alzheimer activities were no significant differences by season, respectively. Therefore, information on comparative biological evaluations of OFI may be a beneficial in exploring functional food and drug development.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.371-378
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• 2020

Background: In this study, the radix of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge extract fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Weissella cibaria, and Pediococcus pentosaceus to increase the levels of isoflavonoid aglycone contents. Methods and Results: In order to change the in isoflavonoids, we fermented the radix of A. membranaceus extracts with microorganisms that have β-glucosidase activity. Besed on the β-glucosidase activity, we selected three strains, Weissella cibaria, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. HPLC analysis revealed that the levels of isoflavonoid aglycones were increased in all fermentation cases, and the extracts fermented by S. cerevisiae showed the highest levels of isoflavonoid aglycones. We evaluated the antioxidant activity, anti-wrinkle effects and whitening effects of the S. cerevisiae-fermented extracts using the DPPH assay, tyrosinase inhibition activity assay, and collagenase inhibition activity assay. We confirmed higher activity in S. cerevisiae-fermented extracts than in control, with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value of 565.1 ± 59.1 ㎍/㎖ in DPPH radical scavenging activity, tyrosinase inhibition rate of 78.4 ± 0.9%, and collagenase inhibition rate of 83.8 ± 1.1%. Conclusions: We selected three stains of microorganisms showing high β-glucosidase activity, W. cibaria, P. pentosaceus and S. cerevisiae. Isoflavonoid glycones in the radix of A. membranaceus were converted to isoflavonoid aglycones by fermentation. In addition, the fermented radix of A. membranaceus exhibited antioxidant activity, anti-wrinkle effect, whitening effect and radical scavenging activity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.2593-2598
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• 2011

Polyphenols (PPs) are known as antioxidant compounds having benign biological activities. In this paper, a series of hybrid molecules between the free or acetyl protected polyphenol compounds were synthesized and their in vitro antioxidant activity (DPPH assay) and cholinesterase [acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE)] inhibition activities were evaluated. As expected, free phenolic hybrid compounds (6 and 8) showed better antioxidant activity than acetyl protected hybrid compounds (5 and 7) from DPPH assay. But the contrast result was obtained from BuChE inhibition assay. Acetyl protected hybrid compounds (5 and 7) showed better inhibition activity for BuChE than free phenolic hybrid compounds (6 and 8). Specifically, 10 (AcFA-AcFA) were shown as an effective inhibitor of BuChE ($IC_{50}=2.3{\pm}0.3{\mu}M$) and also had a great selectivity for BuChE over AChE (more than 170 fold). Inhibition kinetic studies with acetyl protected compounds (5, 7, 9, and 10) indicated that 5, 7 and 10 are a hyperbolic mixed-type inhibition and 10 is a competitive inhibition type. The binding affinity (Ki) value of 10 to BuChE is $2.32{\pm}0.15{\mu}M$.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.488-493
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• 2009

Protulaca oleracea, a widely distributed weed, has been reported to exhibit different health promoting effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of P. oleracea on LPS-stimulated AGS cells. The cytotoxicity of P. oleracea in AGS cells was examined by MTT assay. The anti-oxidative effects of P. oleracea were examined by DPPH assay. RT-PCR was carried out to examine the effect of P. oleracea in the mRNA expression of different inflammatory mediators. MTT assay revealed that P. oleracea have almost no cytotoxity in AGS cells. DPPH radical scavenging activities were better than butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT). The mRNA expression of different endogenous anti-oxidative enzymes (SOD2, GPx3 and catalase) were preserved by P. oleracea in AGS cells. The nitric oxide production and expression of iNOS in LPS stimulated RAW264.7 were suppressed in P. oleracea treated groups. Based on these findings, P. oleracea has protective anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.295-302
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated the biological effects of Alcea rosea L. callus extract for the development of natural cosmetics ingredients. The antioxidant activities of A. rosea L. callus extract was measured through DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assay. As a result, A. rosea L. callus extract were found to have a strong antioxidant ability in a dose dependent manner. In addition, A. rosea L. callus effectively reduced the intracellular oxidative stress induced by AAPH at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. In a tyrosinase activity assay, we found that A. rosea L. callus extract reduced tyrosinase activity by 51% at 10 mg/mL. Based on these results, A. rosea L. callus extract is considered as a promising natural ingredients for cosmetics with antioxidant and whitening functions.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2013

This work aimed to assess some pharmacological activities of P. leptostachya var. asiatica Hara. The dried roots of P. leptostachya var. asiatica Hara were extracted with 70% ethanol to generate the powdered extract, named PLE. Anti-angiogenic activity was detected using chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated via analyzing nitric oxide (NO) content, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Antioxidant activity was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the stimulated macrophage cells. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and -2 (MMP-2) activities in the culture media were detected using zymography. PLE exhibits an anti-angiogenic activity in the CAM assay, and displays an inhibitory action on the generation of NO in the LPS-stimulated macrophage cells. In the stimulated macrophage cells, it is able to diminish the enhanced ROS level. It can potently scavenge the stable DPPH free radical. It suppresses the induction of iNOS and COX-2 and the enhanced MMP-9 activity in the stimulated macrophage cells. Both monooxygenase and oxidase activities of tyrosinase were strongly inhibited by PLE. Taken together, the dried roots of P. leptostachya var. asiatica Hara possess anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and skin whitening activities, which might partly provide its therapeutic efficacy in traditional medicine.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.171-179
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to investigate the antioxidative activity of crackers made with a guava(Psidium guajava Linn.) leaf extract harvested in Korea. Guava leaf extraction using boiling water showed significantly higher antioxidative activities than extracting using 70% ethanol based on the higher total phenolic contents, FRAP, and ABTS assays(p<0.05). The crackers containing 1% guava leaf extract, and 0.075% BHT were stored at $63^{\circ}C$ for 7 days for the Schaal oven test, and the oxidative stability(AV, POV), antioxidative activity(DPPH, FRAP, ABTS assay), and sensory evaluation were compared. The crackers containing 1% guava leaf extract were found to have a higher oxidative stability than the control due to a lower acid value and peroxide value after 7 days of storage. The antioxidative activities of the crackers containing 1% guava leaf extract was the highest after 7 days as determined in the DPPH and ABTS assay, and was lower than crackers containing 0.075% BHT after 4 days as assessed by the FRAP assay. In the sensory evaluation, the crackers containing the 1% guava leaf extract had the highest scores in terms of taste, texture, and overall palatability than others at increasing storage time. As a result, the addition of 1% guava leaf extract harvested in Korea increased the antioxidative effect as well as the sensory acceptability of crackers.