• 펄프종이기술
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to analyze how the fiber properties and mixing ratio of softwood and hardwood pulp affect on roundness of printed image. Softwood pulp and hardwood pulp were refined to 400 and 600ml CSF by Valley beater and handsheets of 70 g/$m^2$ basis weight were made at different mixing ratios of hardwood and softwood pulp. The roundness, dot area, and shape of the printed dot were measured by Image Analyzer. The depths and shapes of the acridine orange penetration into paper were measured by CLSM. With higher mixing ratio of hardwood pulp, the paper showed higher air-permeability and better formation, especially at lower freeness. The roundness of the printed image became better and the dot size became smaller when the amount of hardwood pulp increased. Penetration depth of acridine orange by CLSM became greater and roundness increased to real circle when the amount of hardwood pulp increased. It was thought that higher mixing ratio of hardwood fibers resulted in efficient penetration by better formation with uniform micro-pore distribution and it increased roundness. It was thought that fiber properties and mixing ratio affected the structure of paper and the shape of the printed dot. This study showed that the measurement of depth of the liquid penetration into paper without destruction and contact was feasible. Moreover, this method showed that the shape of the liquid penetration was measurable.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.451-451
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• 2012

Instead of a highly toxic CdSe and ZnScore-shell,InP/ZnSecore-shell quantum dots [1,2] were investigated as an active material for quantum dot light emitting diode (QD-LED). In this paper, aquantum dot light-emitting diode (QDLED), consisting of a InP/ZnS core-shell type materials, with the device structure of glass/indium-tin-oxide (ITO)/PEDOT:PSS/Poly-TPD/InP-ZnS core-shell quantum dot/Cesium carbonate(CsCO3)/Al was fabricated through a simple spin coating technique. The resulting InP/ZnS core-shell QDs, emitting near blue green wavelength, were more efficient than the above CdSe QDs, and their luminescent properties were comparable to those of CdSe QDs.Thebrightness ofInP/ZnS QDLED was maximumof 179cd/m2.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.56-66
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• 1999

The purpose of this study focused how to show physiological responses comparing exercise group and non exercise group for progressive maximal wheelchair ergometer exercise loading in complete paraplegia. It also examined the various factors which would be influenced physiological responses. Sixteen subjects have been investigated in this study, and the subjects are divided into two groups as follows: 1) exercise group (7 subjects) 2) non exercise group (9 subjects). Each test was terminated by physical exhaustion and/or an inability to maintain a flywheel velocity. The results were as follows: 1) No difference was noted in pulmonary function test between two groups. 2) $\dot{v}$ Emax value during maximal exercise was significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). The mean $\dot{v}$ Emax of exercise group was $69.67{\ell}/min$, non exercise group was $41.47{\ell}/min$. 3) $\dot{v}$ $O_2max$(${\ell}/min$) value during maximal exercise was significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). The mean $\dot{v}$ $O_2max$(${\ell}/min$) of exercise group was $1.72{\ell}/min$, non exercise group was $1.15{\ell}/min$. 4) $\dot{v}$ $O_2$ max(ml/kg/min) value during maximal exercise was significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). The mean $\dot{v}$ $O_2max$($ml/kg{\cdot}min$) of exercise group was $25.99ml/kg{\cdot}min$, non exercise group was $18.61{\ell}/min$. 5) Maximal heart rate(HRmax) value during maximal exercise was significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). The mean HRmax of exercise group was 180.43 beats/min, non exercise group was 175.00 beats/min. 6) $\dot{v}\;E/\dot{v}\;O_2$ value during maximal exercise was not significantly different between the groups (p>0.05). The mean $\dot{v}\;E/\dot{v}\;O_2$ of exercise group was $36.36{\ell}/{\ell}\;O_2$, non exercise group was $45.46{\ell}/{\ell}\;O_2$. Considering the results which explore the exercise group with paraplegia has shown the maximal aerobic power compared with non exercise group, regular and consistent physical training is highly assumed as a main factor to improve cardiopulmonary fitness.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.420-436
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• 2007

지리정보시스템에서 빈번히 사용되는 공간 조인 연산자의 성능을 보장하기 위해서는 효율적인 색인 기법의 선택이 중요하며, 대표적인 색인 기법으로는 $R^*$-tree를 이용한 방법이 알려져 있다. 본 논문에서는 DOT(Double Transformation) 공간 색인을 이용한 효율적인 공간 조인 처리 기법을 제시하고 이를 $R^*$-tree를 이용한 공간 조인 처리 기법과 비교한다. DOT 공간 색인 기법은 공간 객체의 MBR 정보를 공간 순서화 곡선을 사용하여 하나의 1차원 값으로 변환한 후 그 값을 검색 키로 갖는 $B^+$-tree 색인 구조를 구성하는 방법으로서, 이를 이용하면 전통적인 데이타베이스의 주 색인을 적용할 수 있다는 중요한 특징을 가진다. 본 논문에서는 공간 객체의 MBR 정보를 하나의 1차원 값으로 변환하기 위해 사용되는 공간 순서화 곡선의 규칙성을 분석함으로써 공간 변환 연산의 횟수를 대폭 감소시킨 효율적인 DOT 색인기반의 공간 조인 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘에서는 반복적으로 수행되는 공간 변환 연산의 횟수를 줄이기 위하여 질의 영역을 공간 순서화 곡선이 연속 운행하는 가능한 최대 크기의 면적으로 분할하는 쿼터 분할 기법을 사용한다. 다양한 분포와 크기를 갖는 데이타 집합을 대상으로 $R^*$-tree를 이용한 공간 조인 처리 기법과의 비교 실험을 수행한 결과 최대 약 3배의 성능 이익을 얻을 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.92-94
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• 2005

We present a novel method for three-dimensional optical memory and microchannel embedded in fused silica glass. Three-dimensional dot patterning with a femtosecond laser pulse and observation with optical microscope are performed. Dot patterns are created by use of a 0.42 N.A. objective to focus 100 fs laser pulses inside the material. We demonstrate data storage with $2{\mu}m$ dot pitch and $7{\mu}m$layer spacing $(36 Gbit/cm^3)$. A three-dimensional microchannel acting as microfluidic and microoptical components is directly fabricated inside a silica glass. The optical micrographs of the microchannel are obtained by a digital camera of a microscope.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.912-921
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• 2020

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is an alternative complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology that is used to implement high-speed logical circuits at the atomic or molecular scale. In this study, an optimal 2-to-4 decoder in QCA is presented. The proposed QCA decoder is designed using a new formulation based on the MV32 gate. Notably, the MV32 gate has three inputs and two outputs, which is equivalent two 3-input majority gates, and operates based on cellular interactions. A multilayer design is suggested for the proposed decoder. Subsequently, a new and efficient 3-to-8 QCA decoder architecture is presented using the proposed 2-to-4 QCA decoder. The simulation results of the QCADesigner 2.0.3 software show that the proposed decoders perform well. Comparisons show that the proposed 2-to-4 QCA decoder is superior to the previously proposed ones in terms of cell count, occupied area, and delay.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.601-606
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• 2016

호흡동조방사선치료에서 비동일 평면치료는 테이블의 회전이 있기 때문에 테이블의 회전에 따른 적외선 카메라와 마커 사이의 거리 변화로 인하여 마커 움직임의 인식을 Real-time Position Management 시스템의 two dot 마커와 six dot 마커의 움직임 반영의 정확성을 평가하고자 한다. 움직임을 평가는 two dot 마커에서 테이블 각도를 시계방향, 반시계방향으로 각 $10^{\circ}$씩 변화하여 측정하였으며, six dot 마커에서도 테이블 각도를 시계방향으로 각 $10^{\circ}$ 변화하여 기준 $0^{\circ}$에서의 기준과 비교하였을 때 기준 진폭 1.173에서 1.165, 테이블 각도 $20^{\circ}$에서는 1.132, 테이블 각도 $30^{\circ}$에서는 1.083의 진폭값으로 나타났다. 반시계방향으로 $350^{\circ}$에서는 기준 진폭 1.168에서 1.157, 테이블 각도 $340^{\circ}$에서는 1.124, 테이블 각도 $330^{\circ}$에서는 1.079 진폭값으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 팬톰을 이용하여 테이블 변화에 따른 진폭의 값을 정량적으로 평가한 점에 학술적 의미를 두고자 한다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.43-56
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• 1992

입자 수송방정식에서 각변수(angular variable)를 각분할근사법으로 해석할 때 나타나는 이상 현상인 ray effect를 치유할 수 있는 방법의 하나로써, 유한 분할각(discrete angle quadrature)을 입자속의 공간적 분포로써 조종하는 방법인 각분할요소법 (discrete elements method)을 근거로 하여 2차원 직각좌표계에서의 입자 수송 해석 프로그램(TWODET)을 개발하였다. 평판형 등방적 고정선원이 존재하는 균질 사각형 흡수체에 대해 TWODET로 해석한 결과, 각 요소가 K-2, L인 경우에도 DOT 4.3(S-10)에서보다 ray effect 치유에 더 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 그러나, 계산시간은 기존의 각분할법에서보다 약 4배 더 소비되었다. 선원에서 바로 진공(vacuum boundary)으로 떨어지는 구조의 경우, TWODET의 결과에서도 심한 왜곡을 보이고 있는데 선원과 바로 이웃한 진공간의 급격한 불연속성으로 인함으로 추측된다 고정선원이 있는 매질에 강한 흡수체가 추가된 구조의 경우에서도 TWODET(K-3, L-4)로 DOT 4.3(S-10)보다 좋은 결과를 보였다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2018

Permeate alteration technique is compounded the steeple sway-tuner status of the gleam-differential realization level (GDRL) on the permeate realization morph. The realization level condition by the permeate realization morph system is associated with the sway-tuner system. As to search a dot of the dot situation, we are gained of the permeate value with character-dot by the output signal. The concept of realization level is composed the reference of gleam-differential level for alteration signal by the permeate tuner morph. Moreover displaying a steeple alteration of the GDRL of the average in terms of the sway-tuner morph, and permeate dot tuner that was the a permeate value of the far alteration of the $Per-rm-FA-{\alpha}_{AVG}$ with $14.63{\pm}1.23units$, that was the a permeate value of the convenient alteration of the $Per-rm-CO-{\alpha}_{AVG}$ with $8.28{\pm}0.97units$, that was the a permeate value of the flank alteration of the $Per-rm-FL-{\alpha}_{AVG}$ with $3.28{\pm}0.58units$, that was the a permeate value of the vicinage alteration of the $Per-rm-VI-{\alpha}_{AVG}$ with $0.51{\pm}0.10units$. The sway tuner will be to evaluate at the steeple ability of the sway-tuner morph with character-dot by the permeate realization level on the GDRL that is displayed the gleam-differential morph by the realization level system. Sway realization system will be possible to control of a morph by the special signal and to use a permeate data of sway tuner level.

• Carbon letters
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.211-214
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• 2015

Bio-imaging and drug carriers for delivery have created a huge demand for crystals. Crystals are fascinating materials that have been grown for a long time but obtaining biocompatible fluorescent crystals is a challenging task. We report on the growth of fluorescent crystals using a carbon dot (C-dot) solution by a hydrothermal process. The crystallization pattern of these C-dots exhibited a unique dendritic structure having a feather-like morphology. The growth temperature and pressure were maintained at 60℃ and 200 mmHg, respectively, for crystal growth. A green fluorescence (under UV light) that was observed in the C-dot solution was retained in the crystals formed from the solution. Cytotoxicity studies on Vero cells revealed the crystals to be extremely biocompatible. These fluorescent crystals are extremely well suited for biomedical and optoelectronic applications.