ETRI Journal

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (한국전자통신연구원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Ultradense 2-to-4 decoder in quantum-dot cellular automata technology based on MV32 gate

  • Abbasizadeh, Akram (Department of Computer Engineering, Karoon Institute of Higher Education) ;
  • Mosleh, Mohammad (Department of Computer Engineering, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University)
  • Received : 2019.02.18
  • Accepted : 2020.03.02
  • Published : 2020.12.14
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is an alternative complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology that is used to implement high-speed logical circuits at the atomic or molecular scale. In this study, an optimal 2-to-4 decoder in QCA is presented. The proposed QCA decoder is designed using a new formulation based on the MV32 gate. Notably, the MV32 gate has three inputs and two outputs, which is equivalent two 3-input majority gates, and operates based on cellular interactions. A multilayer design is suggested for the proposed decoder. Subsequently, a new and efficient 3-to-8 QCA decoder architecture is presented using the proposed 2-to-4 QCA decoder. The simulation results of the QCADesigner 2.0.3 software show that the proposed decoders perform well. Comparisons show that the proposed 2-to-4 QCA decoder is superior to the previously proposed ones in terms of cell count, occupied area, and delay.

Keywords

References

  1. B. Ghosh et al., Design of a multi-layered qca configurable logic block for FPGAs, J. Circuits, Syst. Comput. 23 (2014), no. 6, https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218126614500893
  2. S. Sheikhfaal et al., Designing efficient QCA logical circuits with power dissipation analysis, Microelectron. J. 46 (2015), no. 6, 462-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2015.03.016
  3. C. S. Lent et al., Quantum cellular automata, J. Nanotechnol. 4 (1993): no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3_426
  4. C. S. Lent and P. D. Tougaw, Lines of interacting quantum-dot cells: a binary wire, J. Appl. Phys. 74 (1993), no. 10, 6227-6233. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.355196
  5. M. Sabaeian and A. Khaledi-Nasab, Size-dependent intersubband optical properties of dome-shaped InAs/GaAs quantum dots with wetting layer, Appl. Opt. 51 (2012), no. 18, 4176-4185. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.51.004176
  6. S.-S. Ahmadpour, M. Mosleh, and S. R. J. P. B. C. M. Heikalabad, A revolution in nanostructure designs by proposing a novel QCA full- adder based on optimized 3-input XOR, Phys. B: Condensed Matter 550 (2018), 383-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2018.09.029
  7. M. Mosleh, A novel full adder/subtractor in quantum-dot cellular automata, Int. J. Theoretical Phys. 58 (2019), no. 1, 221-246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-018-3925-x
  8. A. Roohi et al., A parity-preserving reversible QCA gate with self-checking cascadable resiliency, IEEE Trans. Emerg. Topics Comput. 6 (2016), no. 4, 450-459. https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2016.2593634
  9. S.-S. Ahmadpour and M. Mosleh, A novel fault-tolerant multiplexer in quantum-dot cellular automata technology, J. Supercomput. 74 (2018), no. 9, 4696-4716. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2464-9
  10. M. J. C. Mosleh and C. Practice, A novel design of multiplexer based on nano-scale quantum-dot cellular automata, Concurrency Comput.: Practice Experience, 31 (2019), no. 13, https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.5070
  11. S. Seyedi and N. J. Navimipour, An optimized three-level design of decoder based on nanoscale quantum-dot cellular automata, Int. J. Theoretical Phys. 57 (2018), no. 7, 2022-2033. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-018-3728-0
  12. J. Chaharlang and M. Mosleh, An overview on RAM memories in QCA technology, Majlesi J. Electr. Eng. 11 (2017), no. 2, 9-17.
  13. D. De, T. Purkayastha, and T. Chattopadhyay, Design of QCA based Programmable Logic Array using decoder, Microelectron. J. 55 (2016), 92-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2016.06.005
  14. S. Angizi et al., Design and verification of new n-bit quantum-dot synchronous counters using majority function-based JK flipflops, J. Circuits, Syst. Comput. 24 (2015), no. 10, https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218126615501534
  15. R. Sherizadeh, N. J. Navimipour, and E. Optics, Designing a 2-to-4 decoder on nanoscale based on quantum-dot cellular automata for energy dissipation improving, Optik. 158 (2018), 477-489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.12.055
  16. T. Lantz and E. Peskin, A QCA implementation of a configurable logic block for an FPGA, in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Reconfigurable Comput. FPGA (San Luis Potosi, Mexico), Sept. 2006, pp. 1-10.
  17. M. Kianpour and R. Sabbaghi-Nadooshan, A novel modular decoder implementation in quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), in Proc. Int. Conf. Nanosci., Technol. Societal Implications (Bhubaneswar, India), Dec. 2011. pp. 1-5.
  18. M. Kianpour and R. Sabbaghi-Nadooshan, A conventional design and simulation for CLB implementation of an FPGA quantum-dot cellular automata, Microprocessors and Microsyst. 38 (2014), no. 8, 1046-1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2014.08.001
  19. J.-C. Jeon, Extendable quantum-dot Cellular automata decoding architecture using 5-input majority gate, Int. J. Contr. Autom. 8 (2015), no. 12, 107-118. https://doi.org/10.14257/ijca.2015.8.12.10
  20. M. Kumar and T. N. Sasamal, An Optimal design of 2-to-4 Decoder circuit in coplanar Quantum-dot cellular automata, Energy Procedia 117 (2017), 450-457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.05.170
  21. T. Cole and J. C. Lusth, Quantum-dot cellular automata, Progress Quantum Electron. 25 (2001), no. 4, 165-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6727(01)00007-6
  22. V. Vankamamidi, M. Ottavi, and F. Lombardi, Two-dimensional schemes for clocking/timing of QCA circuits, IEEE Trans. Comput.- Aided Design Integr. Circuits Syst. 27 (2007), no. 1, 34-44. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2007.907020
  23. C. A. T. Campos et al., USE: A universal, scalable, and efficient clocking scheme for QCA, IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Design Integr. Circuits Syst. 35 (2015), no. 3, 513-517.
  24. A. Safavi and M. Mosleh, Presenting a new efficient QCA full adder based on suggested MV32 gate, Int. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 12 (2016), no. 1, 55-69.
  25. W. Liu et al., A first step toward cost functions for quantum-dot cellular automata designs, IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. 13 (2014), no. 3, 476-487. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2014.2306754

Cited by

  1. A full adder structure with a unique XNOR gate based on Coulomb interaction in QCA nanotechnology vol.53, pp.8, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-03127-z