• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2002

Effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) on vitellogenin (VTG) production and estrogen ($E_2$)-estrogen receptor (ER) binding affinity were examined in primary hepatocyte cultures of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Hepatocytes were pre-cultured for 2 days; subsequently, $E_2$( 2$\times$$10^{-6}$/ M) and 2,4-D ($10^{-9}~10^{-6}/M$) were simultaneously added to the incubation medium. They were cultured for more than 5 days. VTG and $E_2$-ER binding affinities were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and ELISA, respectively. 2,4-D concentration used had no appreciable effect on the morphology, viability, and DNA content of hepatocytes in culture. It had also no effect on VTG production. However, it interfered with $E_2$-ER binding affinity, which was reduced with increasing concentration of 2,4-D. The affinity was inhibited by 25 and 30% at $10^{-7}$ M and $10^{-6}$ M of 2,4-D, respectively. This result suggested that although 2,4-D had no effect on VTG production, it acted as reno-estrogenic contaminant in ER.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.126-133
• /
• 2015

Ten types of farm-made brewing vinegars were collected and four high acetic acid-producing strains (CV1, CV3, CV5, and CV6) were isolated. Among them strain CV1, exhibiting highly alcohol-resistant and acetic acid-producing properties, was selected and its taxonomic properties were investigated by phenotypic (particularly chemotaxonomic) characterization and phylogenetic inference based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. On SM broth agar, cells of strain CV1 were gram-stainingnegative and formed pale white colonies with smooth to rough surfaces. Strain CV1 produced acetate from ethanol and was resistant to up to 8% (v/v) ethanol in LM broth. Strain CV1 had a G+C content of 61.0 mol%, contained meso-DAP as the cell wall amino acid, and possessed Q-10 as the major ubiquinone. A comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CV1 was most closely related to Gluconacetobacter saccharivorans (≥99.0% identity). In liquid media, the optimum growth conditions for acetic acid production were 30℃ and pH >3.0 and strain CV1 produced 9.3% and 8.4% acetic acids from 10% and 9% alcohol concentrations, respectively.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.363-371
• /
• 1997

Backcross hybridization between female cyprinid loach(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) any male mud loach (M. mizolepis)$\times$cyjprinid loach hybrid were made, and its effect on early survival, cytogenetic traits, and gonad development were examined. Mean fertilization rate and hatching success of backcross hybrids were similar to those found in the maternal species, the cyprinid loach. However, the backcross hybrids revealed significantly improved early survival up to yolk sac absorption (86.0%) compared to cyprinid loach (0%) under low culture temperature ($15^{\circ}C$). the erythrocytic size and DNA content of backcross hybrids were nearly intermediate to those of the parents. Karyological analysis of backcross hybrids displayed two kinds of modal chromosome number of 2n=48 or 2n=49. Growth of backcross hybrids over 6 months after hatching was proven to be intermediate between their parental species. Although backcross hybrids had intermediate values between those of thier parents in most morphometric traits, overall external morphology of backcross hybrids was morer simlar to cyprinid loach than mud loach$\times$cyprinid loach hybrid. Histological examination of gonads at 2 and 4 months of age revealed that no female was obseved in backcross hybrid groups, suggesting the possibility of production of monosex male population.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.39 no.8
• /
• pp.1119-1125
• /
• 2010

To evaluate resveratrol as a prostate cancer preventive material, we investigated its anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects in RC-58T/h/SA#4 primary human prostate cancer cells. Resveratrol significantly decreased the number of viable RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Resveratrol showed cytotoxicity against RC-58T/h/SA#4, LNCaP, PC-3 human prostate cancer cells with $IC_{50}$ values of 245, 320 and $340\;{\mu}M$, respectively. However the cytotoxic potential of resveratrol against normal RWPE-1 cells was lower ($IC_{50}=982\;{\mu}M$). Resveratrol induced cell death as evidenced by the increased formation of apoptotic bodies, nuclear condensation, sub-G1 phase, and DNA fragmentation. Resveratrol activated initiator caspases 8, and 9 as well as effector caspase 3 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the general caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk significantly inhibited resveratrol-induced apoptosis compared to cells without treatment. These results clearly indicate that resveratrol-induced apoptosis was dependent on caspase activation. Further, resveratrol modulated the down regulation of Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic), and Bid. However, the level of Bax (pro-apoptotic) remained unchanged. These results suggest that resveratrol induced apoptosis in RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells via a mitochondrial-mediated caspase-dependent pathway, suggesting therapeutic potential against prostate cancer.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.111-117
• /
• 2017

The mushroom species Cordyceps militaris has been studied and cultivated as a medicinal mushroom due to its multiple valuable biological and pharmaceutical activities. For breeding new strains of C. militaris, multiplex PCR assays were performed using primers specific for its mating type genes, MAT1-1 and MAT1-2. Mating types and mating status were confirmed, as evidenced by DNA bands at 233-bp and 191-bp for MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 respectively. The novel 'Dowonhongcho 2ho' was developed through mating; they were found to possess high-quality fruiting bodies when grown in artificial media. The stromata of the new strain were club-shaped, with a bright orange-red color, and measured 7.1 cm in length. They had an average cordycepin content of 0.33%. Compared to 'Dowonhongcho,' the new strain had a 7% higher yield, as well as firm fruiting bodies. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was $20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$, and the optimum temperature for stroma development was $18{\sim}22^{\circ}C$. The fruiting bodies developed after 49.1 days from inoculation. The use of mating type molecular markers improved the breeding efficiency of the new strain 'Dowonhongcho 2ho.' Thus, they may be valuable for artificial cultivation and industrial-scale production of C. militaris with excellent characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.124-129
• /
• 2007

We evaluated the use of citrus fruit fermented by lactic acid bacteria, as a feed supplement for flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) cultivation. For the fermentation, a lactic acid bacterial strain W-44 showing antibacterial activity was isolated from kimchi. From the phylogenetic analysis based on, 16S rDNA sequence, the strain W-44 was identified as Lactococcus lactis. After the fermentation of citrus fruit with L. lactis W-44, the contents of naringenin and hesperetin, bioactive flavonoid aglycones, were increased about ten-fold and six-fold, respectively. The effects of fermented citrus fruit-based feed additives (CFBFA) were tested on the growth of flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. There were significant differences in average total length and body weight between the experimental and control group. The growth rate of the experimental group fed with the 0.2% CFBFA-supplemented diet was increased 4.5% and 20.9% more than the control group in total length and body weight, respectively. These results suggest that the fermented citrus fruit could be used as a functional feed additive for flounder cultivation.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.193-199
• /
• 2009

A bacterium producing the halotolerant extracellular protease was isolated from squid jeotgal, and was identified as Bacillus sp. SJ-10 based on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, as well as phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequence. The strain grew at $20^{\circ}C\sim55^{\circ}C$, pH 5~8, and 0%~14% NaCl and optimal growth conditions were $35{\pm}5^{\circ}C$, pH 7, and 5% NaCl. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-$C_{15:0}$, anteiso-$C_{17:0}$, and $C_{16:0}$ DNA G+C content was 50.58 mol% and menaquinone consisted of MK-7 Phylogenic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that SJ-10T belongs to the genus Bacillus. About 40 kDa of the salt-tolerant protease was purified by 40% ammonium sulfate saturation and Mono Q column chromatography. The optimal activity of the protease was pH 8 and stable at pH 5~10. The optimum temperature and NaCl concentration were $35{\pm}5^{\circ}C$ and $5{\pm}1%$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.59-69
• /
• 1999

Bacterial population, signal compounds of pollution, bacterial productivity, heterotrophic activity and the activities of extracellular enzymes were analyzed four times from July 1994 to April 1995 at Daejin, Galnam, Pohang, and Ulsan in the coastal area of Bast Sea in order to investigate the state of eutrophication. The population of heavy metal resistant bacteria in Pohang was the highest among all stations. The bacterial populations which could utilize C -P compounds (phosphonate) showed the highest at Pohang that was expected for the industrial and agricultural effluents to inpour. It could be useful as an index of expectation about the influx of industrial sewages and agricultural effluents. The activities of extracellular enzymes for the degradation of organic matter were the highest in the Ulsan Chuyongam, but low in Daejin. These results showed positive relationship with the population of heterotrophic bacteria and bacterial productivity The ratio of poly-P and DNA in Pohang was the highest, and that in Ulsan, Galnam, and Daejin consecutively, corresponding with the distribution of heterotrophic bacteria. In case of the heterotrophic activities, each of the stations gives difference of seasonal variation in heterotrophic activities. Bacterial productivity seemed to be dependent on seasons; the highest in summer and the lowest in fall and winter. These seasonal variations of bacterial productivity seems to be similar with those of heterotrophic bacteria. It is suggested that the state of eutrophication could be evaluated by the criteria of the population sizes and the productivities of microorganisms, the amount of poly-P, heterotrophic activity, the activities of extracellular enzymes, etc.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.61-65
• /
• 2007

English ivy (Hedera helix) in Araliaceae family is an evergreen climbing vine. A severe bacterial disease of English ivy was observed and investigated in January 2005. Initial symptoms on the leaves appeared as small water-soaked lesions on the lower surface. As the spots enlarged, the center became brown to brownish black and greenish-brown water-soaked, irregular margins surrounded the center, The spots developed into large irregular blotches, sometimes 5$\sim$10 mm in diameter, then coalesced. Finally, the water-soaked margins raised, dried out, became corky and broke in the center. A bacterial organism, isolated from the advancing margins of the lesions, was tested for its pathogenicity according to the Koch's postulates and biochemical and physiological tests identified the isolated bacterium as a Xanthomonas. The representative Xanthomonas strains (SL4821 and SL4822) isolated from English ivy were compared with a reference strain X. hortorum pv. hederae for fatty acid profiles, metabolic fingerprints and 16s rDNA sequences, showing that all outcomes were indistinguishable between the representative and reference strains. This is the first report of bacterial leaf spot of English ivy in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.317-323
• /
• 2012

This study was performed to elucidate the anticancer activities and the mechanism of chloroform fractions from cultivated Orostachys japonicus (CFCOJ) in human colon cancer cells. CFCOJ markedly decreased viable cell numbers in both a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner within SW480 cells. Cell death induced by CFCOJ increased cell populations in the sub-G1 phase, as well as the formation of apoptotic bodies, nuclear condensation, and induced DNA fragmentation. CFCOJ-induced apoptosis was associated with the activation of initiator caspase-8 and -9, as well as the effector caspase-3. CFCOJ also stimulated Bid cleavage, indicating that the apoptotic action of caspase-8-mediated Bid cleavage leads to the activation of caspase-9. CFCOJ increased the expression of the proapoptotic protein, Bax, and decreased the expression of the antiapoptotic protein, Bcl-2. These results indicate that CFCOJ exert anticancer effects on human colon cancer SW480 cells through a caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway.