• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.355-372
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of vascular plants in Mt. Daedeukbong. The study is significant because surveying the flora of old-growth forest in Mt. Daedeukbong is a way of understanding what kind of plant species exist in DMZ as the geographical characteristics of Mt. Daedeukbong adjacent to Korean DMZ have the role of a buffer zone connecting the DMZ and its southern region. We collected the vascular plants 7 times from May 2015 to May 2017 and found a total of 393 taxa consisting of 84 families, 245 genera, 341 species, 4 subspecies, 43 varieties and 5 forms. The observed rare plant species as designated by Korea Forest Service were 8 taxa, and the endemic species were 6 taxa. 44 taxa were listed as specific plant species based on phytogeographical in the investigated area. 23 taxa were recorded as naturalized plants, and the naturalized rate and urban index were 5.3% and 8.7%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.713-737
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• 2016

This study is to review research issues on North Korea and unified territory in terms of topics and approach method in Korean human geography. The conclusion of this paper is as follows. Before 1980's, topics on political geography, such as geopolitics or unified land, were the main stream in research. In 1990's with the end of the cold war and the access to material which was published in North Korea, scope of research was widened especially in geography education. After 2000's with the expansion of cooperation between South and North Korea, the scope of topics were more expanded in all field of human geography, for example, critical geopolitic in political geography, Gaeseong Industrial Complex, Najin-Seonbong region in economic geography, place names, Geumgangsan, North Korean defectors in social and cultural geography. The approach method of toward North Korea is fall into two categories. One is regional geography and the other is the unified land. In the latter approach, topics on the regional structure after reunification or on the life adaptation of defectors in South Korea etc. were studied. After unification of land, new Korean Studiea will be established and human geographers should make ready for this. Before unification, research on the land in north Korea should be proceeded in terms of historical geography.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.645-655
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the roles and functions of NGO 's International Solidarity in the establishment of' DMZ World Peace Park ', the mechanism of operation, and the policy formation of NGO' s international solidarity. The establishment of the DMZ World Peace Park is a matter that can be achieved as a result of dialogue efforts between the two parties based on the agreement between the DPRK and the ROK government, but should take a more relaxed approach to the process issues in order to achieve such results And should be done in a long-term, step-by-step plan. In the process of realizing this, South Korea's own efforts alone are difficult, and it is necessary to seek various channels of dialogue with the international community so that North Korea can have dialogue negotiations. This will be the role of NGO, It should be noted. As a result, in order to establish 'DMZ World Peace Park', it is necessary to establish concrete road map of DMZ World Peace Park. In the first stage, it is necessary to organize and operate 'DMZ World Peace Park Promotion Committee' under the directorship of the President or Prime Minister, It is necessary to select candidates, to appeal to North Korea and to support the international community, and to participate voluntarily by the private sector. Phase 2 requires final settlement. Phase 3 will require a step-by-step road map, such as rapid construction of the Peace Park, expansion of peaceful use of the DMZ, and expansion of ecology, history and cultural tourism in the DMZ border area.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.242-257
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• 2019

The Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) stretches two kilometers north and south from the Military Demarcation Line (MDL) of South and North Korea. This area was established as a weapons-free buffer zone when an armistice agreement was signed in 1953. However, there have been several very high-tension military standoffss over the past 65 years. On the South Korean side, civilian access to the Civilian Control Line (CCL) and beyond to the north has been restricted, and natural heritage has been well maintained. Natural heritage is defined as living things, their habitat and non-living things of the ecosystem which deserve to be protected. Research shows that a variety of flora and fauna, their habitat, marshes and geographical structures are found across the DMZ region. Although the DMZ region has not been such a good place for habitat conservation, we can say that this area may be the best location for restoration in terms of its variety of ecosystems and considerable land size. Restoration of course depends on future plans and management policies. This area, including the DMZ and the well-protected north of the CCL, will be the best habitat for endangered species of wild fauna and flora if we classify the various habitat types and create a habitat map. In doing this project, we need to include the estuary of the Han River and the lagoon (brackish water lake) of the East Sea coast. In addition, we must establish long-term plans for conservation and sustainable use and do international scientific research across the DMZ region in collaboration with scientists of South and North Korea and international experts. Mutual cooperation between the two Koreas for investigation and conservation efforts is paramount.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.31-31
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• 2021

본 연구는 서부 DMZ 및 접경지역에 속하고 인천광역시 강화군 강화읍에 위치한 퇴모·혈구산(466m) 을 대상으로 수행되었다. 강화군은 우리나라에서 4번째로 넓은 면적의 섬으로 알려져있고, 인천광역시 서북부 경기만의 한강 하구에 위치하고 있으며, 서쪽으로는 석모도 등 부속섬과 서해안, 북쪽으로는 북 한의 황해도 연백시, 동쪽으로는 김포시와 강화대교와 강화초지대교가 육지로 연결되어 있다. 2019년 4 월부터 2020년 10월까지 7회에 걸쳐 계절별로 식물상 조사를 진행하였다. 본 연구에서 확인된 해명산 일대에 분포하는 관속식물의 현황은 92과 257속 353속 4아종 41변종 4품종 총 402분류군으로 확인되었다. 양치식물은 6과 9속 10종 2변종 12분류군, 나자식물은 3과 4속 8종 총 8분류군, 쌍자엽식물은 74과 198속 268종 4아종 30변종 3품종 등 305분류군, 단자엽식물은 9과 46속 67종 9변종 1품종 등 77분류군으로 조사되었다. 또한, 식물구계학적 특정식물 IV급은 등 1분류군, III급은 물박달나무, 병아리꽃나무 등 6분 류군, II급은 갯장구채, 꼬리조팝나무 등 8분류군, I급은 야산고비, 일엽초 등 20분류군으로 파악되었 다. 희귀식물은 산림청 지정 희귀식물 취약종(VU)에 속하는 산들깨와 약관심종(LC)에 속하는 쥐방울덩굴 등 총 2분류군이 확인되었다. 특산식물은 백운산원추리 및 병꽃나무 등 4분류이 파악되었다. 침입외래식물은 애기수영 및 유럽점나무도물 등 39분류군으로 확인되었고, 생태계교란식은 가시박 등 4분류군으로 파악되었다. 주변의 신산저수지 및 고비고개에 큰 공사가 진행되고있어 침입외래식물의 개체수는 크게 증가할 것으로 예측었다. 따라서 장기적인 생태계 보전대책 수립이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.46-60
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• 2023

This study examines the appropriateness of indicators and methodologies through the evaluation of cultural services in border areas and uses them as basic data for the ecosystem service-based management of border areas, which are key domestic ecological assets. Accordingly, in this study, seven border cities and counties were evaluated and compared based on the evaluation indicators and methods presented by the National Institute of Ecology. As a result of the cultural service evaluation, it was found that Paju City was superior in leisure and tourism, Inje-gun was best in scenic beauty and heritage, and Yanggu-gun was strongest in education, and Inje-gun in heritage. Accordingly, through this study, future tasks for comprehensive cultural service evaluation were presented as follows. First, in order to evaluate ecosystem services at the national and regional levels, it is necessary to establish an indicator system for cultural service evaluation and monitoring. Second, when building a cultural service evaluation index system, it is necessary to review upper and lower conceptual units and the consistency between indicators according to the scale of the evaluation region. Third, a specific review of DB utilization for cultural service evaluation should be conducted depending on the type of ecosystem. Lastly, given the significant lack of domestic cultural service research, additional basic research must be conducted to evaluate cultural services including non-material and qualitative perceptions. In order to evaluate cultural services in the future, additional basic research is needed for each ecosystem type, and a process of finding appropriate evaluation indicators and methods through research is necessary.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.554-574
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• 2018

Mt. Bonghwa reaches a height of 800 m (2,870 ft) and stands on the flank of Mt. Daeam-san, which has an elevation of 1,304 m (4,278 ft). It is important to survey the flora of Bonghwa-san in that it is a way to make out what kind of plant species exist in DMZ due to the geographical characteristics of Bonghwa-san adjacent to Korean DMZ. Therefore this study was conducted to elucidate the distribution of vascular plants and their value of Bonghwa-san. The vascular plants that were collected 10 times from May 2015 to April 2017 consisted of a total of 525 taxa; 93 families, 309genera, 458 species, 4 subspecies, 58 varieties and 5 forms. The observed rare plant species as designated by Korea Forest Service were 12 taxa including Echinosophora koreensis, Epimedium koreanum, Anemone koraiensis etc. Endemic species were 16 taxa containing Cirsium setidens, Heloniopsis koreana, Salvia chanryoenica etc. 31 taxa were recorded as naturalized plants and their naturalized rate and urban index were noted as 5.8% and 7.25%. Among the surveyed 525 taxa, edible, medicinal, pasturing, ornamental, timber, dye, fiber and industrial plants included 213 taxa, 172 taxa, 196 taxa, 50 taxa, 23 taxa, 10 taxa, 6 taxa and 3 taxa, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.169-182
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• 2022

This study was conducted to predict the distribution of rare·endemic plants (Sophora koreensis Nakai) in the border forests where wildfire damage occurred and to quantify the damage. For this purpose, we tried to derive more accurate results through forest area damage (NBR) according to the Burn severity of wildfires, damage by tree species type (Vegetation map), and MaxEnt model. For Burn severity analysis, satellite imagery (Landsat-8) was used to analyze Burn severity (ΔNBR2016-2015) and to derive the extent of damage. To prepare the Vegetation map, the land cover map prepared by the Ministry of Environment, the Vegetation map prepared by the Korea Forest Service, and the vegetation survey conducted by itself were conducted to prepare the clinical map before and after the forest fire. Lastly, for MaxEnt model analysis, the AUC value was derived by using the habitat coordinates of Sophora koreensis Nakai based on the related literature and self-report data. As a result of combining the Maxent model analysis data with the Burn severity data, it was confirmed that 45.9% of the 44,760 m² of habitat (predicted) area of Sophora koreensis Nakai in the wildfire damaged area or 20,552 m², was damaged.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.303-340
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• 2010

The Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) of Korea has been crucial not only for its buffering role between two Koreas, but also for the conservation of various resources across its premises. The objectives of this study is threefold. The first objective is to identify major resources that determine economic values of the DMZ and its vicinity. The second and third objectives are respectively to estimate conservation values of those resources using Choice Modeling and to test whether or not respondents living in different geographical locations have significantly different willingness to pay for the conservation. In a very conservative estimation, results showed that Korean adults have about 55,000 Won on average for conserving five major resources : the DMZ area, endangered species, cultural heritage items and sites, the Truce Village, and villages in the Civilian Conroal Zone. This equals the aggregate economic value of about 2,07 trillion Won. Moreover, significant regional differences were found in public benefits from conserving these major resources.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.311-338
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• 2021

This study was investigated to find out the distribution of vascular flora and remarkable plants and its factors and management plan in the forest genetic resource reserve of Mt. Munsu, located in the DMZ and DMZ border area in Gimpo, Gyeonggi-do province. The survey was carried out 17 times from April 2019 to October 2020. First of all, in the forest genetic resource reserve of the Mt. Munsu, a total of 444 taxa in 95 families, 276 genera, 395 species, 13 subspecies, 33 varieties and 3 forms. This result was found to be about 9.09% of the total 4,881 taxa of vascular plants in Korea. In addition, endemic plants were classified as 6 taxa. Floristic special and rare plants were identified as 39 taxa and 3 taxa, respectively. Lastly, the invasive alien plants that appeared in Mt. Munsu of the forest genetic resource reserve were observed in 58 taxa. Moreover, the naturalization rate was 13.1% and the urbanization index was calculated to be 18.0%. As a result of comparing the vascular flora at the forest genetic resource reserve on Mt. Munsu identified in this study with previous studies, it was found the number of taxa was decreased compared to the previous studies, despite the fact that the recent survey section was wider and more varies routes were investigated. In particular, it was confirmed that the number of rare and endemic plants decreased significantly, and the number of invasive plants greatly spread to forest roads and hiking trails. Therefore, it is considered that the forest rest year system should be introduced for the conservation and management of native plants in the forest genetic resource reserve.