• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제95권6호
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• pp.705-710
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• 2006

한라산의 윗세오름, 영실(윗세오름과 영실사이), 진달래밭 등 3개 지역에서 구상나무의 광합성능력과 수분이용효율의 특성을 알아보기 위하여 시기별, 온도별, 그리고 지역별 건전개체와 쇠약한 개체에 대하여 조사를 수행하였다. 일반적으로 구상나무의 광합성능력은 $15^{\circ}C$일 때가 $20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$일 때 보다 높았다, 6월과 8월의 경우 건전개체와 쇠약개체간의 광합성능력의 차이가 뚜렷했지만 9월에 쇠약개체의 광합성능력이 다시 회복되었다. 모든 개체에서 수분이용효율은 쇠약개체가 건전개체에 비해 높았다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2009

Purpose : The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the phenol compound-cold therapy plus exercise therapy on the carrageenan(CAR)-induced muscle pain. Method : Mice were injected 0.1ml of 2% CAR into the gastrocmemius(GAS) muscle for the induction of muscle pain. After 4 hours from the injection of CAR, the cold therapy with 1% syringic acid was done to GAS muscle. After 2 hours from cold therapy, the exercise therapy such as muscle stretching, climing- and declining-movements was performed three times interval of 10 minutes in each experimental group. After 4, 10 and 24 hours from CAR-induced muscle pain, the measurements of muscle diameter, paw withdrawal latency(PWL) and, tail flick latency(TFL) were carried out. Results : In this study, the thickness of GAS muscle in CAR-induced muscle pain significantly increased compared with control. While, the thickness of GAS muscle adopted cold syringic acid-therapy with exercise-therapy group was significantly decreased than that of CAR-induced muscle pain. In the measurements of PWL and TFL, cold syringic acid-therapy with exercise-therapy group was remarkably increased than CAR-induced muscle pain group in PWL and TFL. All measurements were showed significantly different between the treated-group and the treated-time. Conclusions : From these results, it is suggested that the cold syringic acid-therapy with exercise-therapy such as muscle stretching, climing- and declining-movement was effective in the prevention of CAR-induced muscle pain by the decrease of muscle thickness and the increase of PWL and TFL.

• 한국인구학
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.245-257
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• 2005

이 논문은 1993년에서 1998년까지 임금 노동자들의 소득을 분석하였다. 한국의 경제와 그에 따른 노동자들의 소득은 1997년 말에 시작된 경제위기와 IMF 경제하에서 급격한 변화를 겪었다. 소득이 어떻게 변화하였는지 교육, 성, 연령을 중요한 변수로 여기는 인적 자본론을 바탕으로 분석하였다. 1993년에서 1998년까지 소득변화에 미치는 성 효과는 어떤 유형을 찾기 어렵지만 교육 효과는 점차 감소하고 있으며 연령 효과는 급격히 감소하고 있다. 소득변화에 미치는 세 변수의 누적 효과는 증가하다가 감소하고 다시 증가하다가 감소하는 파도와 같은 모양을 보이지만 전체적으로는 점차 감소하고 있다. 이 논문은 패널조사로 구성된 원자료를 사용하였기 때문에 조사가 어려운 저소득층이 점차 줄어드는 제한점이 있다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.87-101
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• 2017

[Purpose] This study aims to classify of healthcare decline and analyze the corresponding health outcomes among cities in Korea. In pursuing the above, this paper gives the particular attention to draw policy implications. [Methodology/Approach] Public healthcare data of 81 cities between 2014 and 2015 was obtained from the National Medical Center of Korea. A matrix analysis, t-test, ANOVA and multivariate regression were applied. [Findings] The study results indicated that declining cities tend to have the most healthcare resources, compared to growing or maintaining cities. However, accessibility to healthcare appeared to be lower in declining cities. Based on the classification of cities on healthcare decline, 42 out of 81 cities were categorized as a maintain/improvement group, while 39 cities were characterized as decline/depression. The group with a decline/depression type has significantly more healthcare facilities than maintain/improvement type. In contrast, maintain/improvement cities indicated lower incidence of morbidity and mortality than decline/depression cities. Lastly, according to the multivariate regression analysis for the healthcare outcomes by the type of healthcare decline, incidence of morbidity and mortality tended to decrease as the number of healthcare workers, the proportion of people who have healthcare accessibility, and the Timely Relevance Index increased regardless of the number of medical facilities including hospital beds and special beds. [Practical Implications] In conclusion, focusing on the improvement of healthcare accessibility as well as staffing, rather than expanding facilities is essential to set the healthcare policies.

• 융합경영연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2019

Purpose - Currently, the economic globalization has become a common channel for China's enterprise to perform the international economic activities. Due to this background, this paper tries to analyze the influence of internationalization level on operation performance of enterprises. Research design, data, and Methodology - This paper aims at 296 companies going listed in Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The data about the listed companies during the 12 years from 2005 to 2016 have been collected. Relevant theories, including the theory of comparative advantage, monopolistic advantage and product life cycle in developed countries as well as the small scale technology and state on localized technological capacities in developing countries, have been summarized to provide theoretical basis for the influence of international operation on operation performance of the enterprises. Moreover, the current status of international operation of China's enterprises, including the dynamic cause of the internationalization of China's enterprises, its competitive advantage and disadvantage as well as the interest and potential risk of the internationalization, have been also analyzed. Results - Via adopting the panel data to conduct an empirical analysis, It can be found that the relationship between international operation level and operation performance of China's enterprises can be expressed as the S-curve of declining, rising and declining again. Conclusions - This paper has taken the lead in using Ohlson corporate value model to fill the gap in the relevant researches in China. It can also provide guidance for the international operation of China's enterprises. Meanwhile, the two systems for international operation and performance evaluation index have been put forward. The performance of international operation can be classified as financial performance or corporate value so that the operation effect of those China's enterprises going abroad can be better evaluated.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.322-331
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• 2021

Background: The present study employed National Health Insurance Data to explore complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) updated epidemiology in a Korean context. Methods: A CRPS cohort for the period 2009-2016 was created based on Korean Standard Classification of Diseases codes alongside the national registry. The general CRPS incidence rate and the yearly incidence rate trend for every CRPS type were respectively the primary and secondary outcomes. Among the analyzed risk factors were age, sex, region, and hospital level for the yearly trend of the incidence rate for every CRPS. Statistical analysis was performed via the chi-square test and the linear and logistic linear regression tests. Results: Over the research period, the number of registered patients was 122,210. The general CRPS incidence rate was 15.83 per 100,000, with 19.5 for type 1 and 12.1 for type 2. The condition exhibited a declining trend according to its overall occurrence, particularly in the case of type 2 (P < 0.001). On the other hand, registration was more pervasive among type 1 compared to type 2 patients (61.7% vs. 38.3%), while both types affected female individuals to a greater extent. Regarding age, individuals older than 60 years of age were associated with the highest prevalence in both types, regardless of sex (P < 0.001). Conclusions: CRPS displayed an overall incidence of 15.83 per 100,000 in Korea and a declining trend for every age group which showed a negative association with the aging shift phenomenon.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.273-279
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• 2022

현재까지 폐교가 진행된 곳은 전국적으로 총 17개 대학으로 지금도 폐교에 직면한 학교들이 여전히 존재하는 만큼 인구이탈이 빠른 비수도권을 중심으로 대학의 생존위험이 커지고 있는 실정이다. 문제는 폐교가 이루어질 경우 지역사회에 큰 파장을 불러올 수 있어 다양한 도시문제를 발생시킬 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 동부산대학교를 사례로 주택가격과 연계하여 폐교 주변 지역을 주택시장 관점에서 접근하였다. 폐교지정 전후를 비교하기 위해 이중차분법(DiD)을 실시하여 실증 분석한 결과 폐교 위기에 직면한 대학 주변 주택가격은 대학 쇠퇴에 따른 영향으로 아파트가격의 하락 및 정체현상을 보여 주변 지역발전에 부정적인 영향을 미친것으로 나타났다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16호
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• pp.168-174
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• 1998

In the Western Civilization you can clearly see the change in the architectural system. In the 19th Century many of arcitectural style resurrected in the appearance of style revival. And each of the Style's appropriateness and exactness were very complicatedly discussed. After the middle of 19th Century a series of morality movement which showed an expectation for a historical revival started to show declining atmosphere. To architects at the periods more universal formation seeking and new surpassing style pursuing logic has exacted which care from very different from the past During this period a question were brought up about architecture ornamental rightness and appropriateness. As each of the architects had a saying about the ornament was recognized as important part of architect. On this bases this study's purpose is finding out whst is the maeaning and content of G.Semper's "Bekleidungstheorie"

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.225-235
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• 2008

It is expected that the change of industrial structure of Knowledge based economy, and service based economy would affect on economic life of physically-challenged person with no exceptions. There have been some former studies which have been misunderstood the employment of disabled due to the declining employment of the disabled and prejudice to the disabled based on biased perspective and public opinion. This study have analyzed the employment conditions of the ordinary workers and disabled workers out of those prejudices and biased opinions. Wage, economic activity ratio, age, educational background and industry those 5 parameters are brought for analyzing the two comparison group. Each parameter have compared based on the statistical data of ordinary workers and disabled workers for past 7 years. Weight between each parameter have been drawn by collecting the experts' opinion using AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process), and utility of employment of two comparison groups have been estimated through progress inclination of each parameter. Through the estimated outcome, present condition and controversial issues and way of improvement of domestic employment of ordinary workers and the disabled is mentioned.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.162-170
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• 2005

Although the numbers of pedestrian fatalities and injuries are steadily declining worldwide, pedestrian protection is still an important issue. Extensive researches have been carried out in the field of pedestrian protection in order to establish pedestrian safety regulations. The automobile hoods and bumpers, which pedestrians frequently run into during accidents, should be safely designed for pedestrians. Two analysis methods are utilized to design safe structures of the hood and the bumper. They are real experiment and computer simulation. In this research, a method is developed to simultaneously utilize the results from the experiment and the simulation. For design, orthogonal arrays are employed to combine the two methods. Based on this method, a hood and a bumper are designed to protect pedestrians.