• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

Genetic variability is an important component in the ability of populations to adapt in the face of environmental change. Severe human impacts reduced Muzzafarnagri sheep of India from 500,000 in 1972 to 10,989 in 1973-74. Here we report for the first time the effect of this population decline on levels of genetic variability at 13 FAO recommended ovine microsatellite loci and contrast levels of variability to that in a breed from the same geographical region, which differed in numbers, by an order of magnitude (Marwari sheep). Of the 13 loci, 100% were polymorphic in both breeds. A high degree of genetic variation was observed within populations in terms of both allele diversity (number of alleles per locus, >4) and gene diversity (expected heterozygosity, >0.5), which implied that there is still a substantial amount of genetic diversity at the nuclear loci in a declining population. Nevertheless, overall low number of alleles per locus and relatively less abundance of low frequency alleles in Muzzafarnagri sheep suggested that genetic variability has been comparatively reduced in this population. Bottleneck analysis indicated that a genetic bottleneck did not occur during the most recent decline. In addition, we found that the differentiation among populations was moderate ($F_{ST}$= 11.8%). This study on assessment of genetic effects of the population declines in ovines is a step towards identification of genetically impoverished or healthy populations, which could prove to be a useful tool to facilitate conservation planning in this important species of small ruminants.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.86-93
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• 2020

The investment in solar and wind generation is rapidly increasing with government's renewable expansion policy and Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS). Since the large penetration of solar and wind generation increases the variability and uncertainty of supply and demand balance in power system, the government is pursuing the policy of supplying energy storage system (ESS) linked to renewable energy. ESS contributes to the ease of transmission and distribution grid by shifting PV generation from daytime to evening hours. Recently, the declining market price of REC as ESS incentive, policies to cut down incentives and limited ESS storage due to fire events lead to the aggravation of long-term profitability, thus working as a barrier of ESS spreading. In this study, the factors affecting the profit of ESS are analyzed and brief indicators are derived. Based on the indicators, the profit changes are analyzed considering the variation of REC market price and REC incentive weights. Based on the profit change with respect to the increase of ESS capacity, economical ESS installation capacity is suggested.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.21-27
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• 2017

The autoregressive method provides a univariate procedure to predict the future sunspot number (SSN) based on past record. The strength of this method lies in the possibility that from past data it yields the SSN in the future as a function of time. On the other hand, its major limitation comes from the intrinsic complexity of solar magnetic activity that may deviate from the linear stationary process assumption that is the basis of the autoregressive model. By analyzing the residual errors produced by the method, we have obtained the following conclusions: (1) the optimal duration of the past time for the forecast is found to be 8.5 years; (2) the standard error increases with prediction horizon and the errors are mostly systematic ones resulting from the incompleteness of the autoregressive model; (3) there is a tendency that the predicted value is underestimated in the activity rising phase, while it is overestimated in the declining phase; (5) the model prediction of a new Solar Cycle is fairly good when it is similar to the previous one, but is bad when the new cycle is much different from the previous one; (6) a reasonably good prediction of a new cycle can be made using the AR model 1.5 years after the start of the cycle. In addition, we predict the next cycle (Solar Cycle 25) will reach the peak in 2024 at the activity level similar to the current cycle.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2015

Due to the declining LED price and environment-friendly energy policies, CO2 emission reduction and energy-saving, the LED lighting industry is accelerating rapidly. In particular, the needs for LED lamp, replacing the existing fluorescent lamp without exchange luminaire or driver circuits, are also rapidly increasing. Therefore, replacement for T8 fluorescent lamp, LED T8 lamp was developed and standardized. However, except LED T8 lamps, other lamps' regulations or standards were not enacted. Also, the stability of fluorescent lamp substitutable LED lamp is low due to the difference in electrical characteristics and mismatch between the existing fluorescent lamp ballast and LED lamp. Therefore, many are struggling while developing fluorescent lamp substitutable LED lamp. In this paper describes the properties of existing fluorescent lamp ballasts and the considerations while developing fluorescent lamp substitutable LED lamp : demonstrating its validity by experiments the developed fluorescent lamp substitutable LED lamp prototype.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.471-486
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• 2001

The principal trends in the course of emission control legislation are reviewed in this paper. In order to keep such a regulation, moreover, an inquiry ito the concrete technical possibility is conducted through review articles, Also, the composition of exhaust gases emitted from a marine diesel engine are investigated as several samples and the measures that can satisfy the value of regulation are handled with laying stress on the control methods discussed to date. It was concluded that various combined systems can be made to reduce NOx emissions without deteriorating substantially navigation costs since many technologies for reducing NOx emissions are being developed. All heat engines suffer from SOx emissions. There are two methods for reducing SOx emissions: desulfurization from exhaust gas and removal of sulfur composition from fuel oil. However it is necessary to watch the development of these technologies to evaluate which method is more favorable. Heat engines have a big problem in the regulation of environmental pollution from exhaust emissions. In the near future, however, diesel engines may be superior to other heat engines, owing to the high thermal efficiency, although the sales of individual models in dises engines may be prosperous and declining.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2012

While the housing transaction price of Seoul tends to be stagnant or declining in line with the housing market recession since 2007, the jeonse price keeps continual increase. Such flow of jeonse price change has a serious influence on ordinary person's housing stability seriously. Therefore, it is very meaningful in terms of social policy to analyze the trend of recent jeonse price change. This study aims to have an empirical analysis of structural characteristics of the trend of recent jeonse price change. After the review of various previous studies, this study selected housing jeonse price index, non-sold house quantity, jeonse vs. transaction price rate, and housing construction performance as analytical variables, and employed monthly time series resources from January 2007 to April 2011. As a result, when the housing supply reduced, the potential quantity for jeonse market reduced that occurred unbalance of supply and demand in jeonse market. In turn, it caused the increase of jeonse price. And, in case of jeonse vs. transaction price rate change, the rate increased which means the increase of required rate of return of invested demand. As such, the increase of market risk degenerates the investment sentiment which caused the reduction of quantity for jeonse market as a submarket.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 1999

Small apartment housings in Korea are dissatisfied due to the growing areas and changing lifestyle of the residents. Many of them currently confronted with slum areas and kinds of housing stock accumulated much more in Korean contexts. An extention of the existing small houses could be an adaptation model to the increasing requirement standards of the house residents. The new model could support diverse identification of the dwelling model in a settlement and many residents could be satisfied with the settlement. This paper deals with the unification typology of two dwelling units to one in order to remodel existing small apartment houses on the 15-pyung areas (N type) constructed by Korea National Housing Corporation in Naju. The proposed type of the merging of the dwellings remove concrete panel walls, make a path through balcony and attach a living areas to the front of the houses in order to make a circulation between the dwellings. A stair hall can be located in-between or inside the merged houses. It can also enhance privacy against conflictive activities in a house and possibly provide space appropriate for three-generation living. It can be devided for the multi-family use. Finally, the merging types of two dwelling units into one can be used as a device to get rid of the monotonous characteristics and gain diversity in the declining stock housing.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.764-781
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• 2016

During the last two decades, industrial cluster policies for promoting regional economic growth and industrial development have been flourishing all over the world. Even though cluster policies have partly contributed to regional industrial growth and innovation capabilities, they have long been blamed for regional industrial lock-ins and declining regional industrial resilience because of applying homeogenous cluster policies and regional specialized strategic industrial promotion policies for various localities, which are based on so-called 'selection and concentration' principle. This paper suggests postcluster policy focused on placed-based smart specialization and regional business platform strategies.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.630-641
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• 2016

This paper attempts to analyse the processes, key actors and projects contributed to the urban renewal and creative city policies of the City of Maribyrnong, Victoria, Australia. The paper introduces how former military lands are redeveloped into new urban areas mixed with arts, cultural, commercial, residential and university activities. It articulates major actors involved in the creative city policies with governments, universities and non-government organisations. It is interesting to note that Maribyrnong uses Victoria University in vitalising declining old urban areas. It is also interesting to do the same that the city does adopt the concept of "creativity" in urban renewal policies; however, it does not use the same concent of creativity appeared in the textbooks of the major authors of creative city or creative economy, such as Richard Florida and John Howkins.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.211-225
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• 2003

This present study suggests a wider view of our ancestors' food culture by examining the generality and peculiarity of the food culture of the Chosun Period by associating the culture with genre paintings made in the $18th{\sim}19th$ century in Korea. People in the Chosun Period outwardly advocated the Confucian idea reflecting the life philosophy of Chinese. However, the vitality of common people's frank and simple lifestyles saturate genre paintings and display Korean food culture and sentiments of the age. Initially this paper examines the history of food sociology through Namjong literary artists' paintings. The meaning and philosophy of drinks are considered in relation to the trend of declining tea culture among scholars in the mid-Chosun Period with the policy of promoting Confucianism and oppressing Buddhism. Secondly, this paper investigates the background of genre paintings in the late Chosun Period, and examines the unique food culture of Koreans appearing in paintings, particularly with regard to the abundance and variety of seasoned vegetables appearing in genre paintings, our ancestors' sentiment appearing in milk-gathering painting, humanity in guest reception, food culture and view of nature in farm villages, fishing life history, food distribution culture, soybean-curd culture, etc.