• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.10c
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• pp.171-173
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 ATM PNNI(Private Network-Network Interface) 망에서 경로 배정을 위해 필요로 하는 링크 상태 정보(link state information)를 효율적으로 집단화(aggregation)하는 두 가지 방법을 제시한다. 이 방법들은 집단화할 동료 집단(peer group)의 경계노드(border node)들을 셔플넷(shufflenet)이나 de Bruijn 그래프의 노드들로 사상시킴으로써 표현해야 할 링크의 수를 완전 그물망 방법(full-mesh approach)의 N2에서 aN(a는 정수, N은 경계노드 수)으로 줄인다. 이는 공간 복잡도가 0(N)인 신장 트리(apanning tree) 방법에서 필요로 하는 링크의 수와 비슷하지만, 신장 트리 방법과는 달리 비대칭망(asymmetric network)에서 사용할 수 있다는 것이 큰 장점이다. 모의 실험 결과 셔플넷 방법은 aN개의 링크만을 표현하면서도 상태 정보의 정확성은 완전 그물망 방법에 근접함을 알 수 있었고, de Bruijn 방법은 정보의 정확성에서는 셔플넷 방법에 못 미치지만 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 별모양 방법(star approach) 방법보다는 훨씬 정확하며, 계산 복잡도 면에서 셔플넷 방법보다 효율적이었다.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.13
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• pp.805-833
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• 2000

Electronic commerce facilitates trade and lower transaction cost can help firms make use of the opportunities of globalization of production and markets. Electronic commerce has broad implications for future trade. These implications include the effect on trade policy making and enforcement. And it is important to ensure that the present and future trading system de jure and de facto allows electronic commerce to realize its potentials as an alternative or a complement to conventional trade. The comprehensive work program had been implemented to examine all trade-related issues relating to global electronic commerce before the Seattle 3rd Ministerial Conference which was suspended. In general, Member countries recognized the need to ensure that electronic commerce in all its forms is conducted in full conformity with WTO principles and rules. But, there are still major issues to be solved such as access to relevant electronic systems, competition policy in telecomnunications services, WTO provisions relating to the protection of IPRs, the clarification of a number of key concepts and definitions, etc.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.235-236
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• 2000

배기가스의 처리를 위한 펄스 코로나 방전공정은 질소 산화물 및 황산화물을 동시에 제거할수 있는 효율적인 공정으로 알려져 있으며 현재 국내외에서 많은 연구들이 수행되고 있는 공정이다. 플라즈마 상태를 이용하는 펄스 코로나 방전공정에서 운전변수들의 변화는 플라즈마 특성을 변화시켜 공정의 효율성에 영향을 미치게 된다. 특히 플라즈마의 특성에 영향을 미치는 여러 가지 변수들 사이에는 강한 상호의존성을 갖고 있으므로 하나의 운전변수가 미치는 영향에 관한 정확한 규명은 매우 복잡하고 어려운 일이다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.80-85
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• 2000

The rheology of alumina slurries with maltodextrin was studied with different processing routes using experimental design and statistical analysis. Different processing routes include maltodextrin addition, different ultrasonication intensity applied to the slurries before or after adding maltodextrin, and shaking time. Viscosities of the slurries showed shear thinning behavior and were correlated with the Ostwald-de-Weale model. The viscosities of alumina slurries decreased with the addition of maltodextrin and increased with ultrasonication intensity. There were little differences in the viscosities of the slurries depending on whether maltodextrin was added before or after ultrasonication.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07c
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• pp.1865-1867
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• 2000

The pulse power system has been widely used to many applications. such as E/P(Electrostatic Precipitator), DeNOx/DeSOx power system, ozon generator. etc. A pulse energy efficiency for load depend on the rising time, peak value, pulse duration, impedance matching. etc. The pulse generator generally required for short pulse duration, high peak value was forced to consider its size and economy. In this study, developing a compact pulse generator that applied for Cascading method to be made of two pulse transformer, we compared cascading voltage with no cascading one by applying the pulse energy to load.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.379-384
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• 2000

Antimicrobial activity to the extracts of Platycodon glandiforum A. De. candolle was investigated against various food poisioning microorganisms(Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313, Staphylococcus aureus 196E ATCC 13565, Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 43895, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311 and Yersinia enterocolitica). The water and 70% ethanol extracts of Platycodon glandiforum A. De. candolle showed the strongest antimicrobial activities against Listeria monocytogenes in concentration of 500∼1000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml into culture broth (TSB) and was very stable over heat at 121$^{\circ}C$ for 15 min.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.239-246
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• 2019

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to propose and assess a shade guide for pink gingival aesthetics using a Spanish population sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The $L^*$, $C^*$, h, $a^*$ and $b^*$ coordinates of 259 participants were measured using a spectrophotometer in 3 standardized points along the attached gingiva of the maxillary central incisors. A hierarchical clustering analysis was applied to obtain separate solutions regarding the number of shade tabs. For each of the solutions obtained, color differences (${\Delta}E^*$) were calculated using the CIELab and CIEDE2000 formulas, and the proposed shade guide was selected considering (1) the color differences between tabs and (2) the coverage error of each of the solutions. RESULTS. The proposed shade guide consisted of 8 gingival shade tabs and achieved CIELab and CIEDE2000 coverage errors of less than the respective 50:50% acceptability thresholds (${\Delta}E^*=4.6$ units and ${\Delta}E_{00}=4.1$). The coordinates for the various gingival shade tabs were as follows: Tab 1: $L^*43.3$, $a^*21.9$, $b^*12.3$ (1.6); Tab 2: $L^*42.9$, $a^*34.1$, $b^*19.1$; Tab 3: $L^*46.5$, $a^*25.8$, $b^*10.9$; Tab 4: $L^*46.5$, $a^*27.3$, $b^*15.1$; Tab 5: $L^*49.6$, $a^*23.5$, $b^*16.8$; Tab 6: $L^*51.5$, $a^*19.7$, $b^*13.6$; Tab 7: $L^*55.9$, $a^*22.0$, $b^*15.0$; and Tab 8: $L^*56.0$, $a^*19.9$, $b^*18.8$. CONCLUSION. The CIELab and CIEDE2000 coverage errors for the 8 shade tabs of the proposed gingival shade guide were significantly lower than those of other guides. Therefore, despite the limitations of this study, the proposed guide is more appropriate for matching gingival shade in the Spanish general population.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 2000

In this paper we shall de ne a concept of ${\pi}_1$-category for a map relative to a subset which is a generalization of both the category for a map and the ${\pi}_1$-category of a space, and study some properties of the ${\pi}_1$-category for a map relative to a subset.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.41-44
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• 2000

Because of internet's growth, today's network has a serious bandwidth problem. WDM(Wavelength Division Multiplexing) is a solution of this problem. In the WDM networks, QoS(Quality of Service) is as important as bandwidth. And today's voice over IP technology makes a lot of delay-sensitive internet traffic. De]ay-sensitive internet traffic is growing up, so more QoS is needed. We proposed effective solution to assign QoS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.29.1-29
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• 2000