• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.147-160
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• 2024

In this paper, we define two new classes of monomial ideals I_𝑙,d and J_k,d. When d ≥ 2k + 1 and 𝑙 ≤ d - k - 1, we give the exact formulas to compute the depth and Stanley depth of quotient rings S/I^t_𝑙,d for all t ≥ 1. When d = 2k = 2𝑙, we compute the depth and Stanley depth of quotient ring S/I_𝑙,d. When d ≥ 2k, we also compute the depth and Stanley depth of quotient ring S/J_k,d.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.125-130
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• 2002

본 연구는 DEVS를 기반으로 개발된 교통류 시뮬레이션 시스템인 $\ulcorner$I$^3$D$^2$ 교통류 시뮬레이션 시스템$\lrcorner$(이하 I$^3$D$^2$)의 검증을 그 목적으로 한다. I$^3$D$^2$는 본 연구진이 DEVS를 기반으로 개발한 범용 시뮬레이션 도구로써, 이미 서울시 강남 신호교차로와 내부순환로를 대상으로 하여 개발된 내용을 발표한 바 있다. I$^3$D$^2$는 헌재 단속류에서의 최적신호 생성 및 대기행렬 예측 문제, 그리고 연속류 시설의 용량 산정 문제등을 시뮬레이션 할 수 있다. 하지만 아직 문헌자료나 현장 데이터를 토대로 한 충분한 검증이 수행되지 못한 문제가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 문헌자료를 토대로, I$^3$D$^2$를 검증한다. 이를 위하여 고속도로 또는 도시고속도로와 같은 연속 교통류의 대표적인 효과척도인 $\ulcorner$교통량 - 밀도 - 평균주행속도 (시간)$\lrcorner$ 간의 상관관계를 이용하여 미국 HCM과 우리나라의 도로용량편람에 정의되어 있는 기준을 토대로 I$^3$D$^2$ 검증을 수행하였다. 모델링은 서울시 올림픽대로의 양화대교 - 성산대교 - 가양대교 구간을 대상으로 했으며, 검증은 교통량에 따라 크게 3가지 교통류 상태(random, intermediate, constant)를 기준으로 시뮬레이션이 각각의 교통상태에서 예측한 평균주행시간의 정확도를 측정하면서 수행하였다. 검증 결과 random 상태에서는 문헌자료에 부합되는 예측결과를 보여주었으나, intermediate와 constant 상태에서는 문헌보다 다소 낮은 속도를 보여주었다 이러한 속도차는 추후 현장 데이터를 수집하여 보다 실질적인 검증을 통하여 조정되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 1984

A number of studies on the papillae of cercariae of trematodes reported that the papillar patterns (or chaetotaxy) of cercariae might be an excellent method to attain better understanding of the digenetic trematodes (Richard, 1971 ; Short and Cartrett, 1973; Bayssade-Dufour, 1979) . The present study was aimed to determine the number, distribution pattern and structure of the sensory papillae of Metagonimus yokogawai cercariae, and to elucidate the chaetotaxy of this digenetic trematode. M. yokogawai cercariae were pipetted from a vial in which infected snails (Semisulcospira libertina) had been kept for 3 hours. The snails were collected from an endemic area of M. yokogawai, Boseong river in west-southern part of Korea. Observations of papillae were based on light microscopy of those stained with silver nitrate, and on scanning electron microscopy The results are summarized as follows: 1, All papillae observed were uniciliated. 2. Cilia in anterior tip were shorter than the others in other portions. 3. The body papillae were arranged in essentially symmetrical patterns, Total number of the papillae was 126(63 pairs) in average; anterior tip 40(20 pairs), ventral 20(10 pairs), lateral 42(21 pairs), and caudal 8(4 pairs). 4. The chaetotany of M. yokogawai cercaria was: Ci cycle ($3+3C_{I}V,{\;}2+2C_{I}L,{\;}2+3C_{I}D),{\;}C_{II}{\;}cycle(2C_{II}V,{\;}1C_{II}L,{\;}2C_{II}D),{\;}C_{lll}{\;}cycle{\;}(1+lC_{III}V,{\;}1C_{IlI}L),{\;}C_{IV}{\;}cycle{\;}(1C_{IV}V,{\;}IC_{lV}L){\;}in{\;}cephalic{\;}region:{\;}A_I(1A_{IV}V,{\;}1+2A_{I}L,{\;}1A_{I}D),{\;}A_{II}(1A_{II}V,{\;}1+3A_{II}L,{\;}1A_{II}D),{\;}A_{III}(1A_{III}V,{\;}1+1A_{III}L,{\;}1A_{III}D){\;}and{\;}A_{IV}(1A_{IV}V,{\;}2A_{IV}L)$ in antacetabular region: $1M_{I}V{\;}and{\;}2M_{I}L$ in median: $1+1P_{I}L,{\;}1P_{II}L,{\;}1P_{II}D,{\;}1P_{III}L,{\;}1P_{IV}L{\;}and{\;}1P_{IV}D$ in postacetabular region: 2-2-2-2 in caudal region.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.479-484
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• 2002

Let I be an ideal in a Gorenstein local ring A with the maximal ideal m and d = dim A. Then we say that I is a good ideal in A, if I contains a reduction $Q=(a_1,a_2,...,a_d)$ generated by d elements in A and $G(I)=\bigoplus_{n\geq0}I^n/I^{n+1}$ of I is a Gorenstein ring with a(G(I)) = 1-d, where a(G(I)) denotes the a-invariant of G(I). Let S = A[Q/a$_1$] and P = mS. In this paper, we show that the following conditions are equivalent. (1) $I^2$ = QI and I = Q:I. (2) $I^2S$ = $a_1$IS and IS = $a_1$S：sIS. (3) $I^2$Sp = $a_1$ISp and ISp = $a_1$Sp ：sp ISp. We denote by $X_A(Q)$ the set of good ideals I in $X_A(Q)$ such that I contains Q as a reduction. As a Corollary of this result, we show that $I\inX_A(Q)\Leftrightarrow\IS_P\inX_{SP}(Qp)$.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.20 no.4 s.49
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• pp.196-206
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• 1981

We examined the imported Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) specimens preserved at Incheon Plant Quarantine Station. Indentified species are the following 2 subfamilies, 6 genera, 14 species in Scolytidae and 2 subfamilies, 2 genera, 11 species in Platypodidae; Scolytidae Platypodidae Ipinae Platypodinae Arixyleborus granulifer Platypus agnatus A. rugosipes P. biuncus Xyleborus posticepilosus P. curtus X. similis P. geminatus X. subcostatus P. jansoni Ips pini P. maritimus I. plastographus P. pseudocupulatus pseudocupulatus I. tridens P. shoreanus bifurcus Trypodendron lineatum P. solidus Hylesininae Diaporinae Dendroctonus adjunctus Diapus pendleburyi D. brevicois D. pusillimus D. frontalis D. ponderosae Hylurgops porosus.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.141-149
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• 1995

Let N denote the set of positive integers. Fix $d_1, d_2 \in N with d = d_1 + d_2$. Let X and Y be real random variables and let ${X_i : i \in N^d_1} and {Y_j : j \in N^d_2}$ be independent families of independent identically distributed random variables with $L(X) = L(X_i) and L(Y) = L(Y_j)$, where $L(\cdot)$ denote the law of $\cdot$.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.51-54
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• 2011

Vitamin D is present in two forms, ergocalciferol (vitamin $D_2$) produced by plants and cholecalciferol (vitamin $D_3$) produced by animal tissues or by the action of ultraviolet light on 7-dehydrocholesterol in human skin. Both forms of vitamin D are biologically inactive pro-hormones that must undergo sequential hydroxylations in the liver and the kidney before they can bind to and activate the vitamin D receptor. The hormonally active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 $[1,25(OH)_2D]$, plays an essential role in calcium and phosphate metabolism, bone growth, and cellular differentiation. Renal synthesis of $1,25(OH)_2D$ from its endogenous precursor, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), is the rate-limiting and is catalyzed by the $1{\alpha}$-hydroxylase. Vitamin D dependent rickets type I (VDDR-I), also referred to as vitamin D $1{\alpha}$-hydroxylase deficiency or pseudovitamin D deficiency rickets, is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized clinically by hypotonia, muscle weakness, growth failure, hypocalcemic seizures in early infancy, and radiographic findings of rickets. Characteristic laboratory features are hypocalcemia, increased serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH), and low or undetectable serum concentrations of $1,25(OH)_2D$ despite normal or increased concentrations of 25OHD. Recent advances have showed in the cloning of the human $1{\alpha}$-hydroxylase and revealed mutations in its gene that cause VDDR-I. This review presents the biology of vitamin D, and $1{\alpha}$-hydroxylase mutations with clinical findings.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.819-826
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• 1998

The purpose of this paper is to prove the following results; (1) Let R be a prime ring of char $(R)\neq 2$ and I a nonzero left ideal of R. The existence of a nonzero symmetric bi-derivation D : $R\timesR\;\longrightarrow\;$ such that d is sew-commuting on I where d is the trace of D forces R to be commutative (2) Let m and n be integers with $m\;\neq\;0.\;or\;n\neq\;0$. Let R be a noncommutative prime ring of char$ (R))\neq \; 2-1\; p_1 \;n_1$ where p is a prime number which is a divisor of m, and I a nonzero two-sided ideal of R. Let $D_1$ ; $R\;\times\;R\;\longrightarrow\;and\;$ $D_2\;:\;R\;\times\;R\;longrightarrow\;R$ be symmetric bi-derivations. Suppose further that there exists a symmetric bi-additive mapping B ; $R\;\times\;R\;\longrightarrow\;and\;$ such that $md_1(\chi)\chi ＋ n\chi d_2(\chi)=f(\chi$) holds for all $\chi$$\in$I, where $d_1 \;and\; d_2$ are the traces of $D_1 \;and\; D_2$ respectively and f is the trace of B. Then we have $D_1=0 \;and\; D_2=0$.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.257-266
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• 2012

The objective of this in vitro study was to monitor the amount of remineralization of decalcified enamel according to the number of fluoride varnish application using quantitative light-induced fluorescence-D and polarizing microscope. Artificial white lesion induced on the sound 72 teeth, $CavityShield^{TM}$ (Group I), $FluroDose^{TM}$ (Group II) and $Flor-Opal^{(R)}$ Varnish (Group III) were applied 1, 2 or 3 times every two weeks. The following results was obtained: 1. In group I, II and III, ${\Delta}L$ were increased. From regression analysis of ${\Delta}L$ by the number of application, the equation was y = 3.878x + 90.612 in group I, y = 3.133x + 37.168 in group II, and y = 3.509x + 82.322 in group III(p < 0.05). 2. In group I, II and III, ${\Delta}D$ were decreased. From regression analysis of ${\Delta}D$ by the number of application, the equation was y = -2.336x + 107.235 in group I, y = -2.158x + 101.620 in group II, and y = -1.940x + 94.806 in group III(p < 0.05). 3. The Pearson correlation value between the ${\Delta}L$ and ${\Delta}D$ was -0.673 in group I, -0.574 in group II, and -0.431 in group III(p < 0.05).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 1995

This study was carried out to examine the genetic constitution of serum proteins and enzymes in Holstein Friesian cattle population. The genetic variants of post-transferrin-2(pTf-2), transferrin(Tf), post-albumin(pAlb), ceruloplasmin(Cp) and amylase-I(Am-I) were analyzed by using PAGE(polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) and STAGE(starch gel electrophoresis). In serum proteins, the pTf-2 locus were observed to be controlled by codominant alleles designated F and S, and the distribution of genotypes were 76.34, 14.50 and 9.10% for pTf-2 FF, FS and SS types, respectively. The gene frequencies of the pTf-2 F and S allele were 0.836 and 0.164. The Tf locus were found to be controlled by four alleles, Tf A, D1, D2 and E at a single locus, and the distribution of genotypes were 6.11, 32.06, 19.08, 1.53, 10.69, 18.32, 9.92 and 2.29% for Tf AA, AD1, AD2, AE, D1D1, D1D2, D2D2 and D2E type, respectively. The gene frequencies of the Tf A, D1, D2 and E wee 0.321, 0.359, 0.298 and 0.019. The pAlb locus were identified to be genetically controlled by two alleles, pAlb F and S allele, and the distribution of genotypes were 32.06, 29.77 and 38.17% for pAlb FF, FS and SS types, respectively. The gene frequencies of the pAlb F and S allele were 0.461 and 0.531. The Alb locus were observed to be controlled by Alb A and B allele, and the gene frequencies of these were 0.996 and 0.004. In serum enzymes, the Cp locus were found to be controlled by F and S allele, and the distribution of genotypes were 46.57, 27.48 and 25.95% for Cp FF, FS and SS types, respectively. The gene frequencies of F and S allele were 0.603 and 0.394. The Am-I locus were observed to be controlled by Am-I B and C allele, and the distribution of genotypes were 39.69, 21.73 and 38.93% for Am-I BB, BC and CC types, the gene frequencies of Am-I B and C were 0.503 and 0.497, respectively.