• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.566-571
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• 2000

We have previously observed that glycyrrhizin(GL) inhibits the proliferation of transplanted-L1210 cells via the production of nitric oxide from peritoneal macrophages. In the present study, we examined the effect of GL on Iymphocytes subpopulation change of L1210 cells-transplanted mice. GL increased the population of $CD4^-CD8^+$ cells of thymocytes in L1210 cells-transplanted mice and the lucigenin chemiluminescence of human polymorphonuclear cells. These results suggest that the proliferation of transplanted-L1210 cells is partly inhibited by an enhancement of cytotoxic T cells population and phagocytic activity in GL-administered mice.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.55-62
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• 2003

The mucosal immune system provides a first line of defense against invasion of infectious agents via inhalation, ingestion and sexual contact. For the induction of protective immunity at these invasion sites, one must consider the use of the CMIS, which interconnects inductive tissues, including PP and NALT, and effector tissues of the intestinal, respiratory and genitourinary tracts. In order for the CMIS to induce maximal protective mucosal immunity, co-administration of mucosal adjuvant or use of mucosal antigen delivery vehicle has been shown to be essential. When vaccine antigen is administered via oral or nasal route, antigen-specific Th 1 and Th2 cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs) and IgA B cell responses are effectively induced by the CMIS. In the early stages of induction of mucosal immune response, the uptake of orally or nasally administered antigens is achieved through a unique set of antigen-sampling cells, M cells located in follicle-associated epithelium(FAE) of inductive sites. After successful uptake, the antigens are immediately processed and presented by the underlying DCs for the generation of antigen-specific T cells and IgA committed B cells. These antigen-specific lymphocytes are then home to the distant mucosal effector tissues for the induction of antigen-specific humoral(e.g., IgA) and cell-mediated (e.g., CTL and Th1) immune responses in order to form the first line of defense. Elucidation of the molecular/cellular characteristics of the immunological sequence of mucosal immune response beginning from the antigen sampling and processing/presentation by M cells and mucosal DCs followed by the effector phase with antigen-specific lymphocytes will greatly facilitate the design of a new generation of effective mucosal antigen-specific lymphocytes will greatly facilitate the design of a new generation of a new generation of effective mucosal adjuvants and of a vaccine deliver vehicle that maximizes the use of the CMIS.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.143-147
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• 2013

Ginsenoside Rp1 is one of ginseng saponins with chemotherapeutic activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of Rp1 on spleen cells. Spleen is a major immune organ consisted of crucial immune cells, such as T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and some antigen-presenting cells. Although the anti-tumor potential of Rp1 was studied, the effects of Rp1 on immune cells have not investigated yet. A viability assay using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), flow cytometric analysis, Western blot analysis were used to detect cellular changes on Rp1-treated spleen cells. MTT assay showed that Rp1 decreased the viability of spleen cells. To further investigate the effects of Rp1 on activated spleen cells, we treated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a representative inflammatory agent and Rp1 on spleen cells in a combination. The surface expression levels of activation markers for lymphocytes, CD25 and CD69 were measured. Apoptotic analysis revealed the cytotoxic effects of Rp1 on both na$\ddot{i}$ve and activated cells, and the expression pattern of some apoptosis-related proteins was correlated to apoptotic events of cells. Taken together, ginsenoside Rp1 increases the cellular death of spleen cells and also inhibits the LPS-induced activation of spleen cells.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.33 no.5_6
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• pp.559-578
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• 2015

Human Immune Deficiency Virus (or simply HIV) induces a persistent infection that leads to AIDS causing death in almost every infected individual. As HIV affects the immune system directly by attacking the CD4+ T cells, to exterminate the infection, the natural immune system produces virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs) that kills the infected CD4+ T cells. The reduced CD4+ T cell count produce reduced amount of cytokines to stimulate the production of CTLs to fight the invaders that weakens the body immunity succeeding to AIDS. In this paper, we introduce a mathematical model with discrete time-delay to represent this cell dynamics between CD4+ T cells and the CTLs under HIV infection. A modified functional form has been considered to describe the infection mechanism. Characteristics of the system are studied through mathematical analysis. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the analytical findings.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2447-2451
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• 2014

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary etiologic agent of cervical cancer. Consideration of safety and non human leukocyte antigen restriction, protein vaccine has become the most likely form of HPV therapeutic vaccine, although none have so far been reported as effective. Since tumor cells consistently express the two proteins E6 and E7, most therapeutic vaccines target one or both of them. In this study, we fabricated DC vaccines by transducing replication-defective recombinant adenoviruses expressing E6/E7 fusion gene of HPV-16, to investigate the lethal effects of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against CaSki cells in vitro. Mouse immature dendritic cells (DC) were generated from bone marrow, and transfected with pAd-E6/E7 to prepare a DC vaccine and to induce specific CTL. The surface expression of CD40, CD68, MHC II and CD11c was assessed by flow cytometry (FCM), and the lethal effects of CTL against CaSki cells were determined by DAPI, FCM and CCK-8 methods. Immature mouse DC was successfully transfected by pAd-E6/E7 in vitro, and the transfecting efficiency was 40%-50%. A DC vaccine was successfully prepared and was used to induce specific CTL. Experimental results showed that the percentage of apoptosis and killing rate of CaSki cells were significantly increased by coculturing with the specific CTL (p <0.05). These results illustrated that a DC vaccine modified by HPV-16 E6/E7 gene can induce apoptosis of CaSki cells by inducing CTL, which may be used as a new strategy for biological treatment of cervical cancer.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

The nonobese diabetic / severe combined immune deficiency (NOD/SCID) has been used for determination of proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells as xenotransplantation animal model. In this study, we transplanted porcine hematopoietic cells from bone marrow into NOD/SCID mice via intravenous injection to confirm the activity of differentiation and proliferation for porcine hematopoietic cells in vivo. Interestingly, we observed the result of high efficiency with pig T lymphocytes in hematopoietic organs, liver, spleen lymph node, and bone marrow in NOD/SCID mice. The porcine $CD3^{+}$ T cells were detected with $5.4{\pm}1.9%$ in bone marrow, $15.4{\pm}7.3%$ in spleen, $21.3{\pm}1.4%$ in liver, and $33.5{\pm}32.8%$ in lymph node of NOD/SCID mice at 6 weeks after trans-plantation Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis showed the high engraftment of porcine T lymphocytes in spleen of NOD/SCID mice. Our data suggest that NOD/SCID mice are excellent animal model to determinate the generation md function of pig T lymphocytes.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.66-74
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• 2019

Hyperlipidemia is defined as conditions of the accumulation of lipids such as free fatty acids (FFA), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol and/or phospholipid in the bloodstream. Hyperlipidemia can cause lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissue, which is lipid-cytotoxic effects in many tissues and mediates cell dysfunction, inflammation or programmed cell death (PCD). TG is considered to be a major cause of atherosclerosis through inflammatory necrosis of vascular endothelial cells. Recently, TG have also been shown to exhibit lipid-cytotoxicity and induce PCD. Therefore, we investigated the effect of TG on the cytotoxic effect of various cell types. When exposed to TG, the cell viability of U937 monocytes and Jurkat T lymphocytes, as well as the cell viability of MCF-7, a non-immune cell, decreased in time- and dose-dependent manner. In U937 cells and Jurkat cells, caspase-9, an intrinsic apoptotic caspase, and caspase-8, an extrinsic apoptotic caspase, were increased by exposure to TG. However, in TG-treated MCF-7 cells, caspase-8 activity increased only without caspase-9 activity. In addition, the reduction of cell viability by TG was recovered when all three cell lines were treated with pan-caspase inhibitor. These results suggest that activation of apoptotic caspases by TG causes lipotoxic effect and decreases cell viability.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2009

The immunomodulatory activities of the ethanol extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum, termed hereafter as GPE, were examined in immunosuppressed mice as well as in normal mice in the present study. Oral administration of GPE into mice prevented dexamethasone (DEX)-induced immunosuppression as determined by the mitogen-induced proliferation of the splenocytes and the the cytokine production (TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$) in the whole blood culture. In addition, oral administration of GPE increased antitumor host defense in mice implanted with sarcoma-180 tumor cells. The immunoaugmenting activity of orally administered GPE was also confirmed in mice immunized with ovalbumin (OVA). Mice that were orally administered with GPE generated much more potent OVA-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses upon intravenous OVA injection compared to the untreated controls. These results demonstrate that oral administration of the ethanol extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum could be useful to increase host defense in immunocompromised situations such as stress- or tumor-induced immunosuppression.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4041-4047
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• 2013

Cancer vaccine development is in the process of becoming reality in future, due to successful phase II/III clinical trials. However, there are still problems due to the specificity of tumor antigens and weakness of tumor associated antigens in eliciting an effective immune response. Computational models to assess the vaccine efficacy have helped to improve and understand what is necessary for personalized treatment. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of activation of antigen specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, decreased TREG number functionality and antigen cascade, so that overall improvement in vaccine efficacy and disease free survival can be attained. T cell epitomic based in sillico approaches might be very effective for the design and development of novel cancer vaccines.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.5
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• pp.197-207
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• 1996

As a mood-altering drug, long-term alcohol consumption have significant harmful effects on the human body and people's mental functioning. This study observed that the suppression of cell mediated immunity induced in spleen of ICR mouse by long-term alcohol administration. After 8% alcohol voluntary administered for 120 days, the splenic tissue irnmunohistochemically stained by following ABC method that used monoclonal antibody including L3T4(CD4), Ly-2(CD8), IL-2 receptor(CD25R) and NK-1.1(CD56) after embedding with paraffin. The results were as follows. 1. The size of marginal zone in splenic white pulp was diminished and the number of macrophage in marginal zone was decreased in test group than control group. 2. After alcohol administration, the number of Helper T lymphocyte, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, and IL-2 receptor were decreased in periarterial lymphatic sheaths of white pulp and penicilla artery of red pulp and the degree of CD4, CD8, and CD25R positive reaction were soften. 3. In test group, the number of NK cell were decreased. These results indicated that the secretion of lymphokine as IL-2 was inhibited by long-term alcohol administration and subsequently prevent to activate and proliferate splenic T lymphocytes and NK cells as cell mediated immunity component.