• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2002

Papillary immature metaplasia (PIM) of the uterine cervix (Immature condyloma) is a subset of low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) which is frequently associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) types 6 and 11. The histologic features of PIM include filiform papillae lined by evenly spaced immature metaplastic-type cells with frequent nucleoli, mild anisokaryosis, and a low mitotic index. To characterize the cytologic changes associated with PIM, we analyzed 14 cases of PIM from our file. We reviewed biopsy slides and the cervicovaginal smears taken proximate to the time of blopsy. Histologically, nine cases had either flat condyloma (7 cases) or high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (2 cases). Cytologic changes included cells in various stages of maturation with karyomegaly (14 cases), cells with irregularities in the nuclear membrane (13 cases), intermediate cells with karyomegaly(13 cases), cells with binucleatlon (13 cases), and aborted koliocytes (11 cases) Cervicovaginal smears from all cases were interpreted as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), NOS or ASCUS, rule out squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) or LSIL in two cases with flat condyloma or HSIL in a case with severe dysplasia. PIM is a distinct histologic entity that can present with a spectrum of cytologic findings, but cytologic findings may resemble variable reactive conditions and immature HSIL. Therefore, it is difficult to diagnose PIM by cytology alone. However, the meticulous efforts for making the cytologic diagnoses which can Induce active management of patients are recommended because PIM is a variant of LSIL and frequently has a flat condyloma or HSIL.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.158-163
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• 1990

Ancient (degenerated) schwannomas are benign tumors that display pronounced degenerative changes including cyst formation, calcification, hemorrhage, and hyalinization. The tumors are usually infiltrated by large numbers of inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, siderophages, and histiocytes. They are located in deep locations such as the retroperitoneum and must be differentiated from malignant soft tissue tumors because spindle cells with nuclear atypia may be present. In the fine needle aspiration biopsy. The cytologic findings of two cases of ancient schwannoma occurring in posterior mediastinum and retroperitoneum, respectively, are described. Computerized tomographic findings of both cases showed changes of cystic degeneration or necrosis. A case occurred in retroperitoneum revealed features of destruction of vertebral body to suggest a malignant soft tussue tumor radiologically. The cytologic findings of aspiration biopsy of both tumors revealed that the tumor cells were spindle in shape with elongated nuclei. Some of tumor cells were arranged in a palisading fashion. Cell structures that resemble the Verocay bodies were observed. Some of the tumor cells showed pleomorphic bizarre nuclei, but no mitotic activity or chromatin clumping was seen. Inflammatory cells, siderophages and histiocytes were scattered in fibrillar material. These cytologic findings are important in the diagnosis of ancient schwannoma and in the differentiation of this tumor from the malignant spindle cell tumor.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2008

In an attempt to better define the cytologic characteristics of schwannomas, we have reviewed aspirates and corresponding histologic sections from 23 schwannomas. Of this number, the original cytologic diagnoses were: schwannoma in 14 cases (61%), benign soft tissue tumor in 2 cases (9%), and insufficient specimen in 7 cases (30%). The cytologic findings common to all cases of schwannoma included fragments of tightly cohesive fascicles with variable cellularity and corresponding Antoni type A area. The Antoni type B area, consisting of scattered spindle cells and some histiocytes and lymphocytes against a myxoid background, was seen in 14 cases. Fibrillary stroma was seen in 12 cases. The tumor cells had spindle- or ovalshaped nuclei, with pointed ends and indistinct cell borders. Nuclear palisading was seen in 10 cases, and distinctive Verocay bodies were seen in 5 cases. In ancient schwannomas, there were no Verocay bodies. Most schwannomas have distinct cytomorphologic features that allow correct diagnosis. The major problem with fine needle aspiration cytology of these tumors is the high frequency of poor cellularity, particularly in lesions with cystic degeneration. Of 7 cases with insufficient specimen, 4 showed marked cystic changes and 1 showed marked hyaline changes on histologic sections. In conclusion, we believe that if cytopathologist reminds the situation such as cystic degeneration or hyaline degeneration, the correct diagnosis of the schwannoma will be easily made.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 1993

The effect of Roentgen rays on carcinoma of the cervix has long been of great interest to both radiologists and gynecologists. Since most cervical carcinomas are treated by irradiation, any additional knowledge either concerning the radiosensitivity of cervical tumors or their ultimate prognosis would be of value. The vaginal smear is considered to be one of convenient and rapid methods to study the effects of radiation on cervical malignancy. We observed morphologic changes in 297 cytologic preparations obtained from 60 patients who had underwent irradiation for cancer of the cervix. With the morphologic parameters such as cytoplasmic vacuolization, cytoplasmic basophilia, multinucleated giant cell formation, polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) sticking and postradiation dysplasia, we analyzed the findings in relation to the follow up time interval. The most common effect was the cytoplasmic vacuolization with basophilia of basaloid cells, which were noted in more than 90% of followed patients. The multinucleated giant ceil formation and PMNL stickering were noted in 38 cases(63%) and 48 cases(80% ) respectively. The differential diagnosis of postradiation dysplasia from recurrent or persistent carcinoma, reparative atypical cells, and regressing tumor cells was difficult and further study seems to be needed to clarify the more accurate morphologic features and biologic behavior.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.259-262
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• 2003

A 13-year old male dog with right forelimb lameness, invisible swelling, anorexia and mild depression was referred to Veterinary leaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University. On forelimb radiographic views, periosteal and endosteal proliferation and cortical lysis and extremely aggressive and amorphous periosteal reactions were located along the metaphyseal region of the proximal humerus. Cytologic and histopathologic examinations after amputation showed anaplastic mesenchymal cells that produced osteoid changes, poorly differentiated osteoblast and osteoclast. And also, it included the neoplastic cells with large nucleoli, multiple nucleoli that differ in size and cytoplasm with several clear vacuoles. Based on the physical examination and laboratory, radiolographic, cytologic and histopathologic findings, this case was diagnosed as osteosarcoma of the proximal humerus.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to describe the cellular characteristics of endometrial hyperplasia without/with atypia in cervical smears. These cellular features were compared with those of normal endometrium and endometrial carcinoma. We reviewed 265 cervical smears : 64 normal proliferative endometrium, 118 endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, 21 endometrial hyperplasia with atypia, and 62 endometrial adenocarcinoma. Of these smears, 72(27.2%) smears which had diagnostic endometrial epithelial cells were selected for this study. The cytologic abnormalities about cellularity, background, changes in cellular architecture, alterations in nuclear size, anisokaryosis, chromatin pattern, nucleoli, cytoplasmic vacuoles, and mitosis were observed. Nuclear enlargement(1.6 to 2 times of the nucleus in the intermediate squamous cell) and anisokaryosis(${\geq}$2 fold in size variation) were highly suggestive of endometrial hyperplasia without/with atypia. The nuclei from endometrial hyperplasia with atypia were more coarsely granular in chromatin patterns than hyperplasia without atypia(33.3% vs 3.4%). Micronucleoli were observed in all endometrial conditions, but the presence of macronucleoli were more suggestive of hyperplasia with atypia(22.2%) and adenocarcinoma(55%). The changes in cellular architecture(loss of polarity, uneven internuclear distance, overlapping and loose arrangement) were seen in hyperplasia with atypia and adenocarcinoma. Characteristically, bloody background was seen in endometrial hyperpiasia, and cellular detritus or granular proteinaceous material was only observed in endometrial adenocarcinoma. Mitoses were also observed in adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, although there is no single parameter useful for the cytologic differential diagnosis of endometrial lesions, combined cytologic evaluation can be used to diagnose hyperplasia cytologically.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.83-90
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• 1981

This study was undertaken to study the changes of epithelium of oral mucosa caused by diabetic disease in terms of keratinization and morphology of epithelial cells of oral mucasa, and to diagnose the oral diseases caused by systemic origns in terms of oral exfoliative cytology as a diagnostic tool. The author has studied the changes of epithelial cells on the cheek mucosa and upper antirior gingiva of 20 adult diabetic patients by Oral Exfoliative Cytology. And 50 healthy adults were selected as control group. The cytologic smears were stained by Papanicolaou method. The results were as follows : 1. In diabetic patient's cheek mucosa, Yellow staining cells were reveald as 11.8%, which was higher than the control group(4.2%). 2. In diabetic patients' upper anterior gingiva, Yellow staining cells were reaveale as 12.4%, which was lower than the control group(68.2%) 3. The changes of nucleus and cytoplasmic changes were not significantly different in diabetic patients and control group.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.192-196
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• 1996

The principal significance of the urothelial changes caused by polyomavirus activation is in an erroneous diagnosis of urothelial cancer; however, the clue to their benign nature is the smooth structureless nuclear configuration and the relative paucity of affected cells. Though virologic studies and electron microscopy are usually needed to firmly establish the diagnosis, cytology is the most readily available and rapid means of establishing a presumptive diagnosis of human polyomavirus infection. A urine specimen of a 24-year-old man with hemorrhagic cystitis beginning two months after bone marrow transplantation for acute myeloblastic leukemia(M2) was submitted for cytologic evaluation. Cytologic findings revealed a few inclusion-bearing epithelial cells intermingled with erythrocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages. Most of the inclusion-bearing fells had large, round to ovoid nuclei almost completely filled with homogeneous dark, basophilic inclusion. The chromatin was clumped along the periphery and the cytoplasm was mostly degenerated. The other cells exhibited irregular inclusions attached to the nuclear membrane surrounded by an indistinct halo. These findings were consistent with polyomavirus infection.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.54-57
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• 2009

5개월령의 거세하지 않은 암컷 시베리안 허스키가 상악 병변의 평가를 위해 내원하였다. CBC, 혈청 화학, 요검사 소견에서 염증과 신부전이 지시되었다. 병변의 세포학 검사에서는 거대 다핵 세포들과 원형$\sim$방추형의 다향한 모양의 세포들이 개별적으로 탈락되거나 군집을 형성하였다. 두 종류의 세포들 모두 중등도의 핵 대소부동증과 세포부동증을 보였고, 뚜렷한 한 개의 핵소체 또는 여러 개의 작은 핵소체를 갖고 있었으며 성긴 염색질이었다. 조직병리학적 검사 결과, 상악과 비갑개는 전반적으로 확장되어 있었으며 결합조직에 의해 대체되어 있었으며 신장에서는 형성 이상이 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로, 신장형성이상과 섬유화로 인한 섬유성 골형성장애로 진단되었다. 대증적인 처치에도 불구하고 환자의 상태는 악화되어 안락사 되었다.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.81-86
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• 1993

The recently proposed Bethesda system for cervical/vaginal cytology has made a standardization related to "atypia". In cellular changes due to inflammation or repair, the word "benign cellular change" has been suggested as a substitute for atypia. Terminology related to atypical cells may become standardized, but the cytologic criteria has not been well defined yet. We evaluated 160 cases of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance(ASCUS) by the Bethesda Sys4em(TBS). Among 30,428 cases screened, a cytologic diagnosis of ASCUS was made in 498 cases(1.6%) and 160 cases were histologically verified ASCUS was diagnosed based on nuclear enlargement and nonclassical signs of condyloma. The results are as follows: One hundred and twenty three cases(76.9%) revealed chronic cervicitis. Thirty seven cases(23.1%) demonstrated squamous intraepithelial lesion. Among intraepithelial lesions, condyloma and mild dysplasia were 28 cases(75.7%). Moderate and severe dysplasia were 5 cases(13.5%) and 4 cases(10.8%), respectively. it is concluded that patients with ASCUS should be colposcopically examined.