• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2010

Palmitic acid (PA) is one of free fatty acids, which is found from Gaultheria itoana Hayata and Sarcopyramis nepalensis. Although PA has a variety of pharmacological effects including mediates hypothalamic insulin resistance, induces IP-10 expression, and promote apoptotic activities, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of PA in mouse peritoneal macrophages remains unclear. In this study, we showed that PA exerted an anti-inflammatory action through suppression the production of tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$, interleukin-6, cyclooxygenases-2 and nitric oxide in lipopolysaccaride-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. Our study suggests an important molecular mechanism of PA, which might explain its beneficial effect in the regulation of inflammatory reactions.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.209.1-209.1
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.27-27
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• 2001

Significant evidence exists which demonstrates that inflammation predisposes and promotes the cancer process in humans. Chronic inflammation can induce cancer in a variety of organ sites, including bowel and lung. There is also firm evidence that induced cyclooxygenases and nitric oxide synthetases, prostaglandins, and inflammatory cytokines can promote and accelerate the carcinogenic process.(omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.191.2-191.2
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• 2000

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2006

Certain flavonoids possess anti-inflammatory activity. Besides their antioxidative property, the cellular action mechanisms of flavonoids include an inhibition of arachidonate metabolizing enzymes such as cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases, and a down-regulation of proinflammatory gene expression such as cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$. In this review, the recent findings of anti-inflammatory flavonoid research since 2004 were summarized. And the cellular mechanisms on signal transduction pathways were also discussed.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2011.05b
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• pp.1068-1071
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• 2011

Cyclooxygenases (COX)-2 has been highly expressed in a variety of tumor cells and involved inflammatory process, tumor-associated angiogenesis, and vascular functions but the underlying mechanism is not clearly elucidated. We here investigated the molecular mechanism by which COX-2 regulates tumor-associated angiogenesis. In vivo, we injected B16-F1 cells overexpressed with COX-2 or mock in wild type or eNOS-deficient mice. Tumor cells overexpressed with COX-2 increase tumor-associated angiogenesis and tumor growth compared with control cells and that the effect of COX-2 was lower in eNOS-deficient mice than wild type mice. These results may contribute to further understanding of the regulation of angiogenesis by COX during tumor metastasis and inflammation.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.211-214
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• 2012

Since 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) is the key metabolic enzyme of prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), inhibition of 15-PGDH is supposed to facilitate various physiological functions by increasing $PGE_2$. Methanol extract of Artemisia argyi (AAME) inhibited 15-PGDH ($IC_{50}$: $13.13{\mu}g/mL$) with relatively low cytotoxicity ($IC_{50}$: $415.00{\mu}g/mL$) and elevated extracellular $PGE_2$ levels in HaCaT cells. Real-time PCR analysis showed that AAME decreased significantly mRNA expression of PG transporter (PGT) in HaCaT cells. These results indicate that AAME could be applicable to functional materials as a 15-PGDH inhibitor and PGT expression inhibitor for the upregulation of extracellular $PGE_2$ level.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.95-95
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• 2002

Cyclooxygenases (COXs) are key enzymes in the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostanoids, which are involved in cell proliferation and inflammation. Two distinct COXS have been identified: COX-l which is constitutively expressed and COX-2 which is induced by different products such as tumor promoters or growth factors.(omitted)

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2003

Arachidonic acid (AA), which is stored in membrane glycerophospholipids, is liberated by phospholipase $A_2$ (PLA$_2$) enzymes and is sequentially converted to cyclooxygenases (COXs) and lipoxygenases (LOXs) then to various bioactive PGs, and LTs. In order to find the specific inhibitors of AA metabolism especially PLA$_2$, COX-2, 5-LO and lyso PAF acetyltransferase, 120 Korean residential plants extracts were evaluated for their inhibitory activity on PGD$_2$, LTC$_4$ production from cytokine-induced mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) and arachidonic acid released from phospholipid and PAF production from lyso PAF. From this screening procedure, methanol extract of ten indigenous plant such as Salix gracilistyla, Sedum kamtschaticum, Cirsium chanroenicum, Hypericum ascyron, Astilbe chinensis, Agrimonia pilosa, Aristolochia manshuriensis, Vodia daniellii, Pyrola japonica, Styrax obassia were found to inhibit production of inflammatory mediators in vitro assay system.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.155.3-156
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• 2003

Flavonoids from plant origin show anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo. In addition to inhibition of inflammation-associated enzymes such as cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases, they have been found to regulate the expression of inflammation-associated proteins from in vitro experiments. In order to prove in vivo behavior and the potential for beneficial use against inflammatory skin disorders, the effect of wogonin (5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone) on in vivo expression of several inflammation-associated genes was examined in the intact as well as in the inflamed mouse skin by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. (omitted)