• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.129-139
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• 2016

대형 PC기둥의 양중부하를 줄이고 접합부의 구조일체성을 개선하기 위한 대안으로서, 중공 PC기둥이 사용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 PC부의 생산성과 구조일체성을 개선한 새로운 중공 PC기둥을 개발하였다. PC부를 제작하기 위하여 구조용 골형플레이트를 내부영구거푸집과 수평 관통철근을 사용하였다. 제안된 PC기둥의 내진성능을 검증하기 위하여, 1/2 스케일의 기둥 실험체 4개에 대하여 일정 축력에서 반복 횡가력실험을 수행하였다. 실험 변수로는 횡철근 간격, 강섬유 사용여부, 그리고 PC부의 두께가 고려되었다. 실험 결과, 제안된 PC기둥은 외곽 PC부의 취성적인 파괴 없이 우수한 하중재하능력과 변형능력을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. PC부에 횡철근을 촘촘히 배근하거나 강섬유를 사용할 경우, PC 콘크리트의 탈락을 제한하여 변형능력을 증가시킬 수 있었다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.498-509
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• 2009

Present study is concerned with the simulation of plasticity models for the cyclic stressstrain behavior of aluminum alloy AC4C-T6 that can be used for primary materials of LNG cargo pump. Material model of cyclic hardening and plasticity for aluminum alloy AC4C-T6 was investigated through experiments and numerical simulations. Monotonic tensile and cyclic tension-compression test under symmetric load cycles was performed at both room temperature and cryogenic temperature of $-165^{\circ}C$. Based on the experimental data plastic hardening models were evaluated for isotropic/kinematic/combined hardening. FEA (Finite Element Analysis) models which describe the cyclic stress-strain relationship were evaluated for the simulation of plasticity. An appropriate hardening model is proposed comparing the results of FEA with those of experiments.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.473-487
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• 2012

An experimental study was performed to investigate the seismic performance of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) special-shaped columns. For this purpose, 17 steel reinforced concrete special-shaped column specimens under low-cyclic reversed load were tested, load process and failure patterns of the specimens with different steel reinforcement were observed. The test results showed that the failure patterns of these columns include shear-diagonal compression failure, shear-bond failure, shear-flexure failure and flexural failure. The failure mechanisms and characteristics of SRC special-shaped columns were also analyzed. For different SRC special-shaped columns, based on the failure characteristics and mechanism observed from the test, formulas for calculating ultimate shear capacity in shear-diagonal compression failure and shear-bond failure under horizontal axis and oblique load were derived. The calculated results were compared with the test results. Both the theoretical analysis and the experimental results showed that, the shear capacity of T, L shaped columns under oblique load are larger than that under horizontal axis load, whereas the shear capacity of +-shaped columns under oblique load are less than that under horizontal axis load.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2006

이 논문에서는 반복적인 하중에 의해 발생한 동적 과잉간극수압의 발생과 소산을 실내시험을 통하여 연구하였다. 이를 위해 국내 건설 현장에서 건설재료로 널리 사용되고 있는 풍화토를 재성형하여 실내에서 반복삼축시험을 수행하였다. 그 결과 비배수 반복 재하 과정에서 발생하는 과잉간극수압은 반복재하하중과 구속압이 증가할수록 크게 나타남을 확인하였다. 여기서 이 두 가지 영향요소가 반영된 수정과잉간극수압비(MEPPR)를 제안하여, 과잉간극수압 거동을 반복재하횟수만으로 나타낼 수 있었다. 또한 과잉간극수압을 구속압으로 정규화한 과잉간극수압비(EPPR)를 이용하여, 구속압의 증가에 따라 감소하는 과잉간극수압 소산 시 부피변형률을 간편히 나타낼 수 있었다. 결론적으로 재성형 풍화토에 대하여 얻어진 실내 시험 결과를 토대로 지진 하중과 같은 동적 반복 재하 시 미액상화 조건에서 발생하는 침하량을 적은 수의 실험 결과로 간편하게 예측할 수 있는 방법 및 개념을 도출하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.571-586
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• 2012

The paper addresses some key issues related to the design of composite slabs with cold-formed profiled steel sheets. An experimental programme is first presented, involving six composite slab specimens tested with a view to evaluating Eurocode 4 (EC4) provisions on testing of composite slabs. In four specimens, the EC4-prescribed 5000 load cycles were applied using different load ranges resulting from alternative interpretations of the reference load $W_t$. Although the rationale of the application of cyclic loading is to induce loss of chemical bond between the concrete plate and the steel sheet, no such loss was noted in the tests for either interpretation of the range of load cycles. Using the recorded response of the specimens the values of factors m and k (related to interface shear transfer in the composite slab) were determined for the specific steel sheet used in the tests, on the basis of three alternative interpretations of the related EC4 provisions. The test results confirmed the need for a more unambiguous description of the m-k test and its interpretation in a future edition of the Code, as well as for an increase in the load amplitude range to be used in the cyclic loading tests, to make sure that the intended loss of bond between the concrete slab and the steel sheet is actually reached. The study also included the development of a special-purpose software that facilitates design of composite slabs; a parametric investigation of the importance of m-k values in slab design is presented in the last part of the paper.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.44-52
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• 2007

Recently, oystershell wastes cause serious environmental problem and the need for the researches on the recycling of oystershell have been increased and various methods are already in operation. Field plate bearing tests and numerical analysis were performed to investigate the bearing capacity of oystershell filled geotextile gabion which utilized the waste oystershell at the coastal oyster farm site. The waste oystershell mixed soil specimens were prepared for the laboratory test and field test in terms of varying blending ratio of granite soil and oystershell. Based on the cyclic plate load test results, the spring constant, subgrade modulus of ground, and the reinforcing parameters were determined. The field plate load test results indicate that the bearing capacity of the soil ground with the oystershell mixed ratio of 20% is greater than that of the original ground. Two-dimensional numerical analysis was evaluated the expected deformation in the given conditions. Analysis results show a similar characteristics on bearing capacity with the results of the field plate load test. These findings suggest that the oystershells are very promising construction materials for landfill and earth embankment in coastal area.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the fracture strength of the zirconia monolithic all-ceramic crowns according to the thickness (0.5mm, 0.8mm, 1.1mm) and metal-ceramic crowns (1.0mm, 1.5mm) Material and method: Twelve crowns for each of 3 zirconia crown groups were fabricated using CAD/CAM system (Kavo, Germany) and twelve crowns for each of 2 metal-ceramic crown groups were made by the conventional method. All crowns were luted to the metal dies using resin cement. Half of the specimens were exposed to thermocycling ($5-55^{\circ}C$, 1 Hz) and cyclic loading (300,000 cycles, 50N). Subsequently, all crowns were mounted on the testing jig in a universal testing machine. The load was directed at the center of crown with perpendicular to the long axis of each specimen until catastrophic failure occurred. Analysis of variance and Tukey multiple comparison test (P<.05) were used for statistical analysis of all groups, and paired t-test (P<.05) was followed for statistical comparison between each groups' fracture load before and after cyclic loading. Results: 1. The fracture strength of the zirconia monolithic crowns and the metal-ceramic crown increased as thickness increased (P<.05). 2. The cyclic loading and thermocycling significantly decreased the fracture strength of the zirconia monolithic crowns (P<.05). 3. The standard deviation of fracture strength of the zirconia monolithic crowns was very low. Conclusion: The fracture strength of the zirconia monolithic crowns for the posterior area tends to be higher with thickness increased and 0.8mm or over in thickness is recommended to have similar or over the fracture strength of metal-ceramic crowns.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.79-90
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• 1992

Viscoelastic characteristics of agricultural products may be determined through three basic tests ; stress relaxation, creep, and dynamic test. Considering the changeability of living materials, dynamic test in which information is derived in a relatively short time appears to be highly desirable, in which either cyclic stress or cyclic strain is imposed and the remaining quantity (strain or stress) is measured. The periodically varying stress will also result in periodically varying strain which in a viscoelastic material should theoretically be out of phase with the stress, because part of the energy subjected to sample is stored in the material as potential energy and part is dissipated as heat. This behavior results in a complex frequency-dependent compliance denoted by J($i{\omega}$). The complex compliance and therefore the storage compliance, the loss compliance, the phase angle, and percent energy loss for the sample should be obtainable with a given static viscoelastic property of the material under static load. The complex compliance of the rough rice kernel were computed from the Burger's model describing creep behavior of the material which were obtained in the previous study. Also, the effects of cyclic load and moisture content of grain on the dynamic viscoelastic behavior of the samples were analyized. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows ; 1. The storage compliance of the rough rice kernel slightly decreased with the frequency applied but at above the frequency of 0.1 Hz it was nearly constant with the frequency, and the loss compliance of the sample very rapidly decreased with increase in the frequency on those frequency ranges. 2. It was shown that the storage compliance and the loss compliance of the sample increased with increase in grain moisture content. Effect of grain moisture content on the storage compliance of the sample was highly significant than effect of the frequency applied, but effect of the frequency on the loss compliance of the sample was more significant than effect of grain moisture content. 3. In low moisture content, the percent energy loss of Japonica-type rough rice was much higher than that of Indica-type rough rice, but, in high moisture content, vice versa.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.287-297
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 철계형상기억합금(Fe SMA) 스트립으로 능동구속된 콘크리트 기둥의 실험적, 해석적 연구결과를 제시한다. Fe SMA과 탄소섬유보강시트(CFRP)로 각각 구속된 콘크리트 공시체의 압축실험을 통해 형상기억합금 기반 능동구속기법의 효과성을 평가하였다. 실험결과, Fe SMA 스트립으로 구속된 콘크리트 공시체가 낮은 구속력에도 불구하고 CFRP 시트로 구속된 공시체에 비해 더 우수한 변형능력을 가지는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 실험을 통해 얻은 구속된 콘크리트의 압축거동 결과를 이용해 소성힌지 영역이 각각 Fe SMA 스트립과 CFRP 시트로 보강된 콘크리트 기둥의 유한요소모델을 구축하였다. 기존 수행된 콘크리트 기둥의 수평반복가력 실험결과를 바탕으로 구축된 기둥 모델을 검증하였고, 각각의 기둥 모델에 대한 수평반복가력 해석을 수행하였다. 해석결과, Fe SMA 스트립으로 보강된 콘크리트 기둥이 CFRP 시트로 보강된 기둥모델에 비해 변형, 에너지 소산능력 향상에 효과적임을 확인하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.793-804
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• 2023

In this study, cyclic loading tests were conducted to assess the seismic performance of cast-in-place (CIP) concrete-filled hollow core precast concrete columns (HPCC) constructed using steel ducts and rubber tubes. The outer shells of HPCC, with a hollow ratio of 47%, were fabricated using steel ducts and rubber tubes, respectively. Two combinations of shear studs & long threaded bars or cross-deformed bars & V-ties were employed to ensure the structural integrity of the old concrete (outer shell) and new CIP concrete. Up to a drift ratio of 3.8%, the hysteresis loop, yielding stiffness, dissipated energy, and equivalent damping ratio of the HPCC specimens were largely comparable to those of the solid columns. Besides the similarities in cyclic load-displacement responses, the strain history of the longitudinal bars and the transverse confinement of the three specimens also exhibited similar patterns. The measured maximum moment exceeded the predicted moment according to ACI 318 by more than 1.03 times. However, the load reduction of the HPCC specimen after reaching peak strength was marginally greater than that of the solid specimen. The energy dissipation and equivalent damping ratios of the HPCC specimens were 20% and 25% lower than those of the solid specimen, respectively. Taking into account the overall results, the structural behavior of HPCC specimens fabricated using steel ducts and rubber tubes is deemed comparable to that of solid columns. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the two combinations for securing structural integrity functioned as expected, and that rubber air-tubes can be effectively used to create well-shaped hollow sections.