• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.256-263
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• 2020

Background: Ambrosia trifida is a highly invasive annual plant, but effective control methods have not been proposed. Among various eradication methods, cutting is a simple measure to control invasive plants, and sowing seeds of native plants may effectively increase biotic resistance to invasion. In this study, we conducted a field experiment with two treatments: cutting and sowing seeds of six native or naturalized plants. Results: We found a significantly lower A. trifida abundance after cutting than in the control (77% decrease). Sowing seeds of native species did not provide any additional benefit for the control of A. trifida, but increased the importance values and diversity of other native vegetation. The abundance of A. trifida was negatively correlated with that of other plant taxa based on plant cover, biomass, and density. However, biotic resistance of sown plants was not effective to control invasion because A. trifida was so competitive. Conclusions: We concluded that cutting is an effective measure to control Ambrosia trifida while sowing seeds of native plants can increase native plant diversity.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.147-154
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• 2017

Purpose: To reduce the costs of potato seeds and labor of workers, a fully automatic in-situ seeding machine for cutting seed potatoes was developed. Methods: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the seeder performance of the prototype of potato planter by cutting seeds in farmlands from March to April 2017. The study tested the seeder performance at working speeds ranging from 0.28 to 0.45 m/s. The seeding rate and seeding distance were also investigated according to the planned distance between planted seeds from 20 to 30 cm, with 5 cm intervals. Results: Tests on the performance of the developed cutting blade on the automatic potato seeder show that whole potatoes should be used instead of half potatoes. The seeding rates were 88.8% and 82.5% for whole and half potatoes, respectively. When the tractor working speed was increased from 0.28 to 0.45 m/s, the successful seeding rate decreased from 98.8% to 96.3%, respectively. However, with planted seed distances of 20, 25, and 30 cm, the successful seeding rates were near 98%. Conclusions: The developed automatic potato seeder can to improve the labor productivity and cultivation environment of potato farms by the mechanization of the seeding process, which is currently associated with high-labor, -costs, and -hours. Therefore, based on this study, the developed automatic potato seeder provides the mechanization necessary for improved potato cultivation conditions in farmlands.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.3
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• pp.331-339
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• 2023

This study was conducted to identify seed inflow characteristics according to harvest typeand to provide basic data for developing a regeneration technology for secondary growth forests in Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) succession forest formation by natural regeneration. Experimental sites were established by applying seed tree (single and group) and clear-cutting methods (10- 20- 30-m strip and 20- 30- 40-m patch). The seed inflow characteristics of the natural regeneration site were analyzed for 6 years from 2014. Most seeds were flowed to the regeneration stand from October to November. In years with good seed fructification, more than 80% were flowed in October. The average annual seed inflow by harvest type was highest in the seed tree area (296,000 seeds/ha/yr), followed by the 20-m patch clear-cutting area (291,000 seeds/ha/yr) and 10-m strip clear-cutting area (281,000 seeds/ha/yr). The distribution uniformity of seed inflow according to treatment was analyzed in the order of the 20-m strip clear-cutting area (52.2), 20-m patch clear-cutting area (52.9), and 10-m strip clear-cutting area (56.1). As a result, the 10-m strip and 20-m patch clear-cutting areas with relatively small harvest areas showed high seed inflow and distribution uniformity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.580-585
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of sulphuric acid, cutting, cold stratification and hot water on the germination of Sophora japonica seeds, which have difficulty to germinate because they have hard and thick seed coats. The seeds were immersed in 30, 60 and 90% sulphuric acid for 30 minutes as seed scarifications, and cut 1/8, 2/8 and 3/8 of the opposite parts of radicles. As cold stratification the seeds were wrapped in wet towel, and then stored in plastic bags in a refrigerator $(4^{\circ}C)$ for 3, 5 and 10 days. The seeds were immersed in hot water $(90{\sim}95^{\circ}C)$ for 2,5 and 10 minutes. Pretreated seeds represented different germination properties, respectively. After sulphuric acid treatment, the seeds showed an increase in germination (G) and germination index (GI). Compared to the other treatments, 90% sulphuric acid showed the highest G (31.7%) and GI (6.2). The G and GI of cut seeds decreased with the increase of seed cutting lengths. And G and GI of cold stratificated seeds were not significantly different among the days treated (p=0.258). Two minutes treatment of hot water showed lower G and Gl than control, and the seeds were not germinated in 5 and 10 minutes treatments of hot water. At the result of relative growth rate and T/R ratio of seedlings from pretreated seeds, the seedlings from seeds in 90% sulphuric acid treatment represented the highest relative growth rate and T/R ratio.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1987

Information is needed on the plant characteristics affects by forage removal and their relationships to grain yield of italian ryegrass in order to combine herbage seed crop management and livestock farming. This study with tetraploid cv. Tetrone was carried out on the experimental field of Haenam Branch Station. treatments included two different seeding time, cutting time and frequency. Seeds were sown in row 50 cm width within the rows. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Fresh and dry matter were increased significantly in plots defoliated lately and many times but seed yield components were decreased significantly in plots defoliated in spring. 2. Autumn defoliation had no significant effect on the seed yield but seed yield were decreased significantly in plots defoliated later than 8 April. 3. Excess vegetative growth can be removed in autumn and early spring without harm to the seed crop and the most important aspect of its removal is the timing of the operation. 4. Seed yield reductions were accompanied by the decrease of inflorescences,seeds/spike, and thousand seeds weight, due to an increase in apex removal of vigorous tillers by late cutting.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.931-935
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• 2003

A complex-shaped part was successfully fabricated by Laminate Object Manufacturing (LOM) technique using silicon nitride tape with aligned silicon nitride whisker seeds. The ceramic tape was cut using a commercial cutting plotter according to the cross section drafts generated by slicing a 3-D model, and then the tapes were stacked sequentially. In order to improve adhesion between the tapes, stacking was performed under vacuum. After binder burnout, the part was encapsulated using latex emulsion and was cold isostaically pressed under 250 ㎫. It was sintered to 98.5% TD at 2148 K for 4 h under 2 ㎫ nitrogen pressure.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.172-177
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• 1996

The influences of testa-removal of seed, partial cutting of embryo, xylene treatment, growth regulator, chemical treatment and low temperature treatment on the seed germination of Lycoris aurea were investigated. The germination rate of the testa-removed seeds was higher than that of the whole seeds, and the seeds treated by testa-removal+xylene was 63% of germination. $GA_3$ was more effective than kinetin treatment, and seeds treated with $GA_3$ 200ppm showed 60% of germination. $KNO_3$ was more effective than KOH treatment, and seeds treated with 0. 1% $KNO_3$ was 76% of germination. The seeds, stored for two months at $5^{\circ}C$, showed the highest germination rate with 93%

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.125-129
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• 1968

For the study of method for promoting the germination of Korean sod seeds harvseted newly some physical and chemical treatments were tested in this experiment. The summarized results of these tests are as follows: 1. Storage of wet seed in low temperature of 0~$2^{\circ}C$ during 2~30 days was seemed the most effective treatment for promoting the germination of sod seed. 2. The treatment that Soaking and mixing up the seeds in cone sulphuric acid about one and half minutes and then washing off in the water promoted fairly the germination of sod seeds. 3. Better germination of sod seeds was found in the light than in the dark or soil. 4. Cutting the top of seed and crushing of seed coat with sand seemed to promote slightly the germination of sod seeds. 5. No promoting effect for germination of sod seeds was found with treatments of Gibberellin, $NH_4$ $NO_3$ and NAA.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate mass propagation technique by using seed and vegetative propagation of Kalopanax pictus Nakai. For developing seed propagation, seed stratification and 1$0^{\circ}C$ after-ripening treatment induced embryo growth within 1 weeks, resulted in increasing germination rate of seeds up to more than 65% when planted. The softwood cutting using one year old shoot increased rooting rate to 69% whereas more than 1 year old shoot looked like inappropriate for cutting propagation. In the cutting timing, the rooting rate on June, 13 cutting of the first growth shoot was the highest, followed by June 20 and July 4. The most efficient cutting timing seemed to be the middle of June. When cutted shoots were soaked for 30 minute with IBA and NAA 1000mg.$L^{-1}$, rooting rate was increased above 70%. As the concentrations of plant hormone were increased above 2000mg.$L^{-1}$, the rooting rate was slowly decreased.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.390-401
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to identify the propagation characteristics of Diabelia spathulata (Siebold & Zucc.) Landrein through seeding and cutting methods. The seed germination rate was meager (0.22~3.56%). In hardwood cutting, the highest rooting rate was 36.1% in sand + perlite (2:1) and 37.8% in 1000 PPM of IBA pre-treatment. Softwood cutting showed the highest rooting rate when the cutting diameter was 3 to 5 mm and the cutting length was 7 to 8 cm. In particular, the highest rooting rate of 80% was observed in the sand among the 8 cultivation media treatments. In the case of root cuttings, the rooting rate was 83.3~96.7% in all cultivation media. The highest rooting rate was observed when the diameter of the cutting was 7 to 8 mm, and the length of the cutting was about 10 to 11 cm. Among cutting methods, root cutting showed the highest rooting rate. Division showed a 100% rooting rate regardless of size or growth status. For Diabelia spathulata (Siebold & Zucc.) Landrein, propagation by cuttings was more efficient than seeding. However, Further research on the morphophysiological dormancy and dormancy break of seeds is needed for seed propagation.