• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.64-71
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• 2020

Gloiopeltis tenax is one of the most economically useful species in China and Japan that has been applied to glue and food since ancient times. The material used in the experiment was a large quantity of basal crusts obtained from the culture of tetraspores that were released from the mature tetrasporophytes collected at Gyeokpori, Byeonsan-myeon, Buan-gun, Jeollabuk-do in Korea. The basal crusts were cut into quadrisect under a dissecting microscope so as to monitor the process of regeneration and growth. The cut crusts were cultured under varying conditions, where the photoperiod was 16:8 h L:D; the temperature range was 10, 15, 20, and 25℃; the irradiance range was 30 and 85 µmol photons m^-2s^-1. The quadrisect basal crusts grew to an oval shape, then formed a vertical axis of cylindrical shape. The maximum growth of basal crusts was 9.61±3.59 mm² under the condition of 15℃ temperature and 85 µmol photons m^-2s^-1 irradiance, after 12-weeks culture. The mean relative growth rate after 12-weeks culture showed the maximum rate of 5.15±0.80 %day^-1 at 15℃ and the minimum growth rate was 3.15±0.94 %day^-1 at 10℃, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). In conclusion, it has shown the possibility that growth of basal crusts of G. tenax is one of the good farming method of potential alga.

• Clean Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.191-199
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• 2015

The SO_x emission from the ship diesel engines will do a negative influence to the human health and the environment. To reduce the negative environmental effect of the SO_x emission caused by the high traffic of ship movements, the SECA (SO_x emission control area) has been set on several province around world to carry out the severe emissions control and to meet the emissions control standard. To cut down the SO_x emission from the ships, the wet type scrubber is being used widely. In this work, we prepared a numerical model to simulate the spray type scrubber to study the motion of liquid droplets in the flow of the scrubber. For the analysis, the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) method was adopted. As a special topic of the study, we designed the wave plate type of mist eliminator to check the carry over of the uncontrolled water droplet to the exhaust. Numerical analysis is divided into two stages. At the first stage, the analysis was done on the basic scrubber without the mist eliminator, and then the second stage of analysis was done on the scrubber with the mist eliminator on several condition to check and compare with the basic scrubber. On the condition of the basic scrubber, 42.0% of the distributed water droplets were carried over to the exhaust. But by adding the designed droplet eliminator at the exhaust of the scrubber, only 3.4% of the distributed water droplets supplied to the scrubber was emitted to the atmosphere.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.331-339
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• 2001

This study was conducted to examine the predicting factors for the intention of breastfeeding with The Theory of Planned Behavior. The questionnaires were distributed to 131 primigravidas who were in their third trimester of pregnancy in Seoul, Kyonggido, Kyongsangbukdo, and Kyongsnagnamdo. Descriptive statistics, Pearsons Correlation and Multiple Regression were used to analyse the data. The subjects showed strong intention of breastfeeding. The subjects showed favorable attitudes toward breastfeeding. This fact showed significant correlation with the belief that their breastfeeding intention was due to the advantage of breast milk for the infant with regard to allergy prevention, disease protection, contribution to intellectual development, psychological closeness between mother and infant, convenience, cost, and the reduction of breast cancer risk and weight of the mother. No item of outcome evaluation did showed significant correlation with behavioral intension. The subjects were influenced about breastfeeding by their referents such as siblings and friends with breastfeeding experience, their mothers and husbands, and mothers-in-law. Most items of the control beliefs had a significant influence on the intention of breastfeeding. The subjects felt they could not control the situation ie. "when I have to breastfeed in public". However they felt they could control the situation ie. "when I suffer from mastitis", "when I have to cut down on coffee, alcohol, and smoking", "when I have Caesarean section", "when I need to maintain breast condition", and "when the infant hates to suck my nipple". Regression analysis revealed that control beliefs and attitudes toward breastfeeding could predict the behavioral intention of breastfeeding. Control beliefs were the most important factor in predicting behavioral intention. Therefore, nutrition education is needed to enhance the ability to cope with difficult situations while breastfeeding and increase faborable attitudes toward breastfeeding.eding and increase faborable attitudes toward breastfeeding.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.33-46
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• 2004

This study is aimed to redesign established parks and to propose a series of devices protecting them from vandalism. To solve the problems, we ascertained the damaged areas of the park greens. The trace analysis was performed to grasp the transverse inside the parks of Jeonju and Iksan in Collabuldo. Then, we presented the basic plan for minimizing park damage and for remodeling the system of movement. The results of the study are summarized as follows: it is identified that the transverse phenomenon is considerably wide-spread in majority of parks, and has no relationship to the park area or the green area. It is considered that the $\ulcorner$Condition rating class$\lrcorner$ of grass damage, which is grade 6, is extraordinarily high and the damage is accumulated considerably. Also, the damage part of other grade is discovered equally, and when unattended, the acceleration of damage is positive. A damage width a 0.5∼1.5m makes up the greater part of 79.6%. It also constitutes most of a rectilinear form. The difference in the height between the original point and destination point is below 0.7m, which is above 70%. It is identified that the interrelationship between the damage continuation length and plan distance is relatively high by the simple regression: analysis and by Pearson' correlation analysis. In spite of the normal damage continuation length is 20m, the frequency degree is downward with extreme point at 10m. Accordingly, it is assumed that park users have physical and psychological pressure when they cross the lawn field. Damage types are classified as the Simple cut cross type, the Behavioral facilitates type, Access advantage type and the Strolling type through type classification. It is considered that this classification is effective when identifying short pass type on lawn field according to the damage length and intensity.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study is to suggest an intervention method for clinical use in the future by analyzing the effect of breathing exercise on activity of sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalenus anterior muscle, which are respiratory synergist muscles, and pulmonary functions in patients with forward head posture. Methods: Prior to the experiment, 12 patients (experimental group) performed feedback exhalation exercise along with conventional deep neck exercise, and 11 subjects (control group) performed feedback deep neck exercise along with conventional deep neck exercise. The intervention programs were performed for 40 minutes once a day (three times a week for four weeks). Results: Before intervention, %RMS was measured for surface electromyography (sEMG), and FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC were measured using a spirometer. After four weeks, these items were re-measured under the same condition and analyzed. In within-group comparison of the experimental group, activity of sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalenus anterior muscle showed a significant decrease (p<0.05)(p<0.001), and forced vital capacity (FVC) showed a significant increase (p<0.05). In within-group comparison of the control group, activity of sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalenus anterior muscle showed a significant decrease (p<0.05), and in between-group comparison, there were significant differences in activity of sternocleidomastoid muscle and FVC (p<0.05). Conclusion: Long-term forward head posture restrains exercise performance of the neck and leads to exercise avoidance of the neck during daily activities, thus restraint factors might be created even while breathing. To cut off this link, a constant effort is required and diversified research on the correlation between neck functions and breathing should be conducted.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.199-210
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• 1994

My purpose in the paper is to research on what is the most productive education method for the Students for Future Dietitian(SFD) to be applied during there field training & practice. Furthermore it is an attempt to elucidate what is the most necessary education program for the field training & practice for SFDs. Five questionnaires were given to SFDs dealing with nutrition purchase hygienic facilities and official management in order to check and evaluate the current situation and problems on the education of field training & practice for SFDs Also I chose 140 SFD's who had been working in the field for at least one week or one month in 1992 and statistical processing were utilized and analyzed by SAS package. One of the most notable problems SDFs faced with during meal planning it is the fact that they had been educated and requested for the cut of food expenditure rather than the supply of scientifically balanced-nutrition meals for working people, SFDs also faced with of information on the quantity and facilities management from the dietitian in the company. my research revealed that dietitian's teaching method for SFDs still remains in a very primitive way and accordingly the efficient way to solve these problems shall be established by a computerized education program through which dietitians can provide well-balanced meals for working people when they are assigned to the company. In this regard we must consider that we have to enact certain law to be applied to a dietitian. In another words we should emphasize actual experiences of SFDs' knowledge accumulated through the field training & practice before they work at the company. Consequently it is a time to reconsider the importance of well-balance dietitian program offering an opportunity for SFD which can contribute to improvement of health's condition for the working people.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.511-522
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• 2008

Domestic slope related measuring system are mainly depending on manual and visual measurements and technical development for natural slopes is poor since the technology is developed focusing on artificial cut slopes. In addition, landslide with a debris flow is occurring frequently due to recent climate abnormally and heavy rains but early forecasts and prevention of disasters are in poor condition. Therefore, construction of ubiquitous sensor network (USN) capable of detecting dangers of landslide for rapid countermeasures is necessary. In this study, new measurements devices and measurement management techniques in compliance with domestic conditions are prepared by establishing ubiquitous based landslide monitoring system and standards of measurement management.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.263-270
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• 2019

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is the largest pollutant discharged into the rivers of Malaysia. Thus UF membrane study was conducted to investigate the effect of pressure and stirring speed on performance of POME treatment and fouling of membrane. Two types of membrane polyethersulfone (PES) and regenerated cellulose (RC) with molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) 5 and 10 kDa were used in this study. Results showed that, as pressure increased, fouling increased however permeate quality improved, the best pressure was 1.0 bar, where the fouling was not too high and produce good permeate quality. As stirring speed increased, fouling reduced and permeate quality improved, however, when stirring speed increased from 600 rpm to 800 rpm, there was no significant improvement on the permeate quality. Therefore, the best condition was at 1.0 bar and 600 rpm. PES membrane with MWCO 5 kDa showed the best permeate quality, even fouling slightly higher than RC membrane. The permeate quality obtained were analyzed in term of dissolved solid, turbidity, suspended solid, biological oxygen demand ($BOD_5$) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 538 mg/L, 1.02 NTU, < 25 mg/L, 27.7 mg/L and 62.8 mg/L, respectively with dominant type of fouling is cake resistance. Thus, it can be concluded water reuse standard was successfully achieved in terms of $BOD_5$ and suspended solid.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.51-63
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• 2023

Numerical analysis was conducted to determine the effect of soil behavior by thawing and freezing of seasonal frozen soil on pile foundations. The analysis was performed using the finite element method (FEM) to simulate soil-pile interaction based on the atmosphere temperature change. Thermomechanical coupled modeling using FEM was applied with the temperature-dependent nonlinear properties of the frozen soil. The analysis model cases were applied to the MCR and HDP models to simulate the elastoplastic behavior of soil. The numerical analysis results were analyzed and compared with various conditions having different length and width sizes of the pile. The results of the numerical analysis showed t hat t he HDP model was relat ively passive, and t he aspect and magnit ude of t he bearing capacit y and displacement of the pile head were similar depending on the length and width of the pile conditions. The vertical displacement of the pile head by thawing and freezing of the ground showed a large variation in displacement for shorter length conditions. In the MCR model, the vertical displacement appeared in the maximum thaw settlement and frost heaving of 0.0387 and 0.0277 m, respectively. In the HDP model, the vertical displacement appeared in the maximum thaw settlement and frost heaving of 0.0367 and 0.0264 m, respectively. The results of the pile bearing capacity for the two elastoplastic models showed a larger difference in the width condition than the length condition of the pile, with a maximum of about 14.7% for the width L condition, a maximum of about 5.4% for M condition, and a maximum of about 5.3% for S condition. The significance of the effect on the displacement of the pile head and the bearing capacity depended on the pile-soil contact area, and the difference depended on the presence or absence of an active layer in the soil and its thickness.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2015

Plastic artwork can be appeared crack, change of color and whitening event by various environment conditions. A large scale plastic artwork often exhibits in outside it will be directly degraded by physical and chemical degradation factor such as strong sunlight, high humidity and rainfall. We should know degradation characteristic of plastics to prevent these damages. In this study, we studied degradation characteristic of plastics (5 types of wide use plastics; polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane) depending on various artificial degradation conditions such as high temperature, ultraviolet and these complex conditions (high temperature and ultraviolet). As a result, polypropylene, polystyrene and polyethylene show the most visible change especially polypropylene, polystyrene. Polypropylene didn't show a great change degree of tensile strength and contact angle, on the other hand polystyrene did. Polypropylene and polystyrene weakened by photo degradation, polyvinyl chloride and polyurethane had relatively good light stability. Also the high temperature and complex conditions were most degradation characteristic. High temperature worked for degradation catalyst because its energy can not enough worked for cut off binding energy of plastics while ultraviolet condition effected as directly degradation condition. Though following results, we expect it can be applied to investigation of degradation factor depending on plastic artwork materials and basic result of plastic artworks conservation.