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Study on Degradation Characteristic of Plastic Artwork for Conservation

플라스틱 작품 보존을 위한 열화 특성 연구

  • Yu, Ji A (Dept. of Heritage Conservation & Restoration, Graduate School of Convergence Cultural Heritage, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Cho, Ha Jin (Dept. of Heritage Conservation & Restoration, Graduate School of Convergence Cultural Heritage, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Han, Ye Bin (Dept. of Heritage Conservation & Restoration, Graduate School of Convergence Cultural Heritage, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Lee, Hyun Ju (Dept. of Heritage Conservation & Restoration, Graduate School of Convergence Cultural Heritage, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Lee, Sang Jin (Dept. of Heritage Conservation & Restoration, Graduate School of Convergence Cultural Heritage, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Chung, Yong Jae (Seiyoung C&T)
  • 유지아 (한국전통문화대학교 문화유산융합대학원 수리복원학과) ;
  • 조하진 (한국전통문화대학교 문화유산융합대학원 수리복원학과) ;
  • 한예빈 (한국전통문화대학교 문화유산융합대학원 수리복원학과) ;
  • 이현주 (한국전통문화대학교 문화유산융합대학원 수리복원학과) ;
  • 이상진 (한국전통문화대학교 문화유산융합대학원 수리복원학과) ;
  • 정용재 ((주) 세영씨앤티)
  • Received : 2015.03.07
  • Accepted : 2015.06.12
  • Published : 2015.06.20

Abstract

Plastic artwork can be appeared crack, change of color and whitening event by various environment conditions. A large scale plastic artwork often exhibits in outside it will be directly degraded by physical and chemical degradation factor such as strong sunlight, high humidity and rainfall. We should know degradation characteristic of plastics to prevent these damages. In this study, we studied degradation characteristic of plastics (5 types of wide use plastics; polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane) depending on various artificial degradation conditions such as high temperature, ultraviolet and these complex conditions (high temperature and ultraviolet). As a result, polypropylene, polystyrene and polyethylene show the most visible change especially polypropylene, polystyrene. Polypropylene didn't show a great change degree of tensile strength and contact angle, on the other hand polystyrene did. Polypropylene and polystyrene weakened by photo degradation, polyvinyl chloride and polyurethane had relatively good light stability. Also the high temperature and complex conditions were most degradation characteristic. High temperature worked for degradation catalyst because its energy can not enough worked for cut off binding energy of plastics while ultraviolet condition effected as directly degradation condition. Though following results, we expect it can be applied to investigation of degradation factor depending on plastic artwork materials and basic result of plastic artworks conservation.

플라스틱 작품은 다양한 환경조건에 따라 갈라짐, 색변화, 백화현상 등 재질손상이 급속하게 발생될 수 있다. 특히 현대예술작품 중 대형 플라스틱 작품의 경우 옥외에 전시되는 경우가 많으며, 이에 강한 햇빛과 높은 습도, 강우 등 물리적, 화학적 손상 요인에 지속적으로 노출되어 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 polypropylene(PP), polystyrene(PS), polyetylene(PE), polyvinyl chloride(PVC), polyurethane(PU)의 5가지 범용 플라스틱 표준 재료를 고온, 자외선, 그리고 고온 및 자외선 복합 조건에 노출시킴으로써 환경조건에 따른 플라스틱 종류별 열화 양상을 평가하였다. 그 결과 인공열화에 따른 PP, PS, PE에서 육안 변화가 크게 나타났으며 특히 PP, PS는 가장 큰 색차가 발생하였다. 인장강도와 표면접촉각 측정결과 PP는 큰 변화가 없었고 PS는 가장 많이 감소되는 것을 확인하였다. 광열화에 가장 취약한 재질은 PP와 PS, 내광성이 가장 좋은 재질은 PVC와 PU로 확인되었다. 또한 열화 조건 중 자외선 조건과 고온 및 자외선 복합 조건에서 가장 심한 열화 정도가 확인되었다. 이는 자외선은 직접적 열화 조건으로 작용하였으며 고온의 경우 플라스틱 결합에너지를 끊을 만한 충분한 에너지가 되지 못하기 때문에 순수한 열적에너지로서의 열화 조건보다는 열화 촉매로서 작용한 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 결과는 향후 플라스틱 작품의 재질별 손상원인을 규명하고 보존방안 수립을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

References

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