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A Study on the Locational Decision Factors of Discount Stores : The Case of Cheonan (종합슈퍼마켓의 입지 결정 요인에 관한 연구 : 천안상권을 중심으로)

  • So, Jang-Hoon;Hwang, Hee-Joong
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.10 no.5
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    • pp.37-44
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    • 2012
  • In this paper, we investigate several factors that affect the locational decision of discount stores by using previous studies on the marketing area and the location of commercial facilities. We selected 21 primary variables that are expected to influence the decision of store location and, by factor analysis, grouped them into five underlying factors. Among these, the demographic factor, which shows the potential purchasing power level, had the greatest impact on the locational decision for the store. However, we found individual stores positioned according to unique locational characteristics in addition to the demographic factor. It means that we have to additionally consider if the vicinity of the market is based on any physical properties. Many previous studies proposed four decision factors for store location: the economic factor, the demographic factor, the land utilization factor, and traffic factor. However, the fivefold factors-our distinctive contribution-are more concrete and persuasive according to Korean reality. We show that location preference is based on the following criteria: (1) the area is densely populated, (2) houses stand close together, (3) residents have a high income level, (4) road traffic is developed and easy to access, and (5) public transportation is well developed. The demographic factor has the greatest impact on the location of a discount store. The number of households has a greater relevance to the demographic factor than does the individual consumer. Second, discount stores relatively prefer places where houses are located close together because such places offer easy access to the market. Third, a place whose residents have a high income level will be preferred, with its large cars and excellent traffic conditions. Fourth, a location would be highly rated if the roads around commercial facilities are well developed and their accessibility is good. Finally, discount stores must be located close to bus stops because female consumers, including housewives-the most important customers-evaluate stores based on distance. In this research, the variable of consumer attitude and preference was excluded, and the location factors of discount stores were analyzed according to a microscopic view through physical spatial data. In the future, the opening of new discount stores based on the five factors indicated above will require a comparatively shorter time from the first project feasibility analysis. In addition, the result of our study can be applied to the field of public policy for constructing and attracting large-scale distribution facilities.

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The Legislation of the Part VI (the Carriage by Air) of the Korean Commercial Code (국내 항공운송법 제정안에 관한 고찰)

  • Choi, June-Sun
    • The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.3-29
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    • 2008
  • The volume of air passengers and cargo transportation has increased rapidly in recent years. This trend will be even more noticeable as the high-tech service industry expands and the globalization progresses. In an effort to reflect and to cope with this trend, many conventions concerning international air transportation have been concluded. The Republic of Korea has also acceded to the Montreal Convention of 1999 on September 20th, 2007 which became effective on December 29th 2007. However, Korea currently does not provide any private law on the liability of domestic air carrier, leaving the regulation wholly to the general conditions of carriage of private air lines. These general conditions of carriage, however, are not sufficient to regulate the liabilities of domestic air carriers, because they cannot be fully recognized as a legitimate source of law applicable in the court. This situation is inconvenient for both air carrier and their customers. Thus, the Ministry of Justice of Korea has decided to enact a law that will regulate domestic air transportation, namely, "Domestic Carriage by Air Act", as a part of the Korean Commercial Code. So was composed a special committee for legislation of the Domestic Carriage by Air Act. This writer has led the committee as a chairman. The committee has held in total 10 meetings so far and has completed a draft bill for the part VI of the Korean Commercial Code, "Air Carriage." The essentials of the draft are as follows: First, the establishment of Part VI in the Commercial Code. The Korean Commercial Code already includes a series of provisions on road transportation in part II and carriage by sea in part V. In addition to these rules regulating different types of transportation, the Domestic Carriage by Air Act will newly establish part VI to regulate air carriages. Eventually, the Commercial Code will provide an integrated legal system on the transportation industry. Second, the acceptance of the basic liability system which major international conventions, such as Montreal Convention of 1999 and Guadalajara Convention of 1961, have adopted. This is very important, because the law of air carriage is unified worldwide through various international conventions, making it necessary and significant for the new act to achieve conformity between rules of international air carriage and that of domestic air carriage. Third, the acceptance of Rome Convention system on damage caused by foreign aircraft to third parties on the surface. Fourth, the application of rules on domestic road carriage or carriage by sea mutatis mutandis with necessary modifications. This very point is the merit of inserting domestic air transportation law into the Commercial Code. By doing so, the number of articles can be reduced and the rules on air carriage can conform to that of road transportation and carriage by sea. The bill is expected to be passed by the parliament at the end of this year and is expected to be effective by end of July 2009.

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Clustering according to Inpatients' Opinion on Hospital Foodservice and Analyzing Inpatient Response to Foodservice Qualify and Revisit Intention by the Cluster: In Case of S Hospital (입원환자의 급식서비스 인식에 따른 고객 군집화 및 군집별 급식서비스 질 평가, 재이용 의도 분석: S병원을 대상으로)

  • Lee, Hae-Young;Chang, Seung-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.35 no.10
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    • pp.1491-1497
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship among inpatients' perceptions of foodservice quality, satisfaction and revisit intention. Questionnaires were hand-delivered to 350 inpatients and a total of 230 questionnaires were usable (response rate 65.7%), Statistical data analysis was completed using the SPSS Win 11.0 for descriptive analysis, independent t-test, $x^2$ test and k-means cluster analysis. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: The average score of overall importance of meal service in medical service was 4.25 out of 5.0, yet the score of overall quality of meal service and value had lower than importance score. A helpfulness to medical treatment (3.48), bringing customer happiness (3.18), overall satisfaction for foodservice (3.66), satisfaction based on expectation before discharge (3.53) and offering foodservice apt to hospital reputation (3.40) were measured as expressions of satisfaction. As a result of clustering analysis, two clusters were classified and named as affirmative opinion group and negative one. Expectation for four factors of foodservice quality between two groups had no significance. But affirmative opinion group had significantly higher score than negative one in perception and satisfaction. Affirmative customers' intention to revisit in the near future was evaluated as high in both considering general medical service (4.04) and reflecting meal service level (3.84).

School Dietitians' Perception and Performance on a School Foodservice Menu Evaluation (학교급식 영양(교)사의 메뉴평가에 대한 인식과 시행 현황)

  • Choi, Mi-Kyung;Ahn, Sun-Woo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.40 no.8
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    • pp.1172-1178
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of a school foodservice menu evaluation and the perception of the school's dietitian on menu evaluation. Questionnaires were distributed to 448 school dietitians with an official letter, and a total of 292 responses were used for analysis. More than 90% of the respondents stated that a menu evaluation for the school foodservice was necessary. The major barriers to menu evaluation were "excessive workload" and a "lack of know-how", and the expected benefits were "increased satisfaction of customers" and "increased foodservice efficiency". The menu evaluation for "student preferences", "health improvement", and "ease of quality management" categories were performed in more than 45% of schools. The proportion of subjects who answered that "customer satisfaction" and "increased efficiency of foodservice" were expected benefits of menu evaluation were significantly higher in the menu evaluation group (p<0.05).

Development of Intelligent ATP System Using Genetic Algorithm (유전 알고리듬을 적용한 지능형 ATP 시스템 개발)

  • Kim, Tai-Young
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.131-145
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    • 2010
  • The framework for making a coordinated decision for large-scale facilities has become an important issue in supply chain(SC) management research. The competitive business environment requires companies to continuously search for the ways to achieve high efficiency and lower operational costs. In the areas of production/distribution planning, many researchers and practitioners have developedand evaluated the deterministic models to coordinate important and interrelated logistic decisions such as capacity management, inventory allocation, and vehicle routing. They initially have investigated the various process of SC separately and later become more interested in such problems encompassing the whole SC system. The accurate quotation of ATP(Available-To-Promise) plays a very important role in enhancing customer satisfaction and fill rate maximization. The complexity for intelligent manufacturing system, which includes all the linkages among procurement, production, and distribution, makes the accurate quotation of ATP be a quite difficult job. In addition to, many researchers assumed ATP model with integer time. However, in industry practices, integer times are very rare and the model developed using integer times is therefore approximating the real system. Various alternative models for an ATP system with time lags have been developed and evaluated. In most cases, these models have assumed that the time lags are integer multiples of a unit time grid. However, integer time lags are very rare in practices, and therefore models developed using integer time lags only approximate real systems. The differences occurring by this approximation frequently result in significant accuracy degradations. To introduce the ATP model with time lags, we first introduce the dynamic production function. Hackman and Leachman's dynamic production function in initiated research directly related to the topic of this paper. They propose a modeling framework for a system with non-integer time lags and show how to apply the framework to a variety of systems including continues time series, manufacturing resource planning and critical path method. Their formulation requires no additional variables or constraints and is capable of representing real world systems more accurately. Previously, to cope with non-integer time lags, they usually model a concerned system either by rounding lags to the nearest integers or by subdividing the time grid to make the lags become integer multiples of the grid. But each approach has a critical weakness: the first approach underestimates, potentially leading to infeasibilities or overestimates lead times, potentially resulting in excessive work-inprocesses. The second approach drastically inflates the problem size. We consider an optimized ATP system with non-integer time lag in supply chain management. We focus on a worldwide headquarter, distribution centers, and manufacturing facilities are globally networked. We develop a mixed integer programming(MIP) model for ATP process, which has the definition of required data flow. The illustrative ATP module shows the proposed system is largely affected inSCM. The system we are concerned is composed of a multiple production facility with multiple products, multiple distribution centers and multiple customers. For the system, we consider an ATP scheduling and capacity allocationproblem. In this study, we proposed the model for the ATP system in SCM using the dynamic production function considering the non-integer time lags. The model is developed under the framework suitable for the non-integer lags and, therefore, is more accurate than the models we usually encounter. We developed intelligent ATP System for this model using genetic algorithm. We focus on a capacitated production planning and capacity allocation problem, develop a mixed integer programming model, and propose an efficient heuristic procedure using an evolutionary system to solve it efficiently. This method makes it possible for the population to reach the approximate solution easily. Moreover, we designed and utilized a representation scheme that allows the proposed models to represent real variables. The proposed regeneration procedures, which evaluate each infeasible chromosome, makes the solutions converge to the optimum quickly.

Self-Tour Service Technology based on a Smartphone (스마트 폰 기반 Self-Tour 서비스 기술 연구)

  • Bae, Kyoung-Yul
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.147-157
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    • 2010
  • With the immergence of the iPhone, the interest in Smartphones is getting higher as services can be provided directly between service providers and consumers without the network operators. As the number of international tourists increase, individual tourists are also increasing. According to the WTO's (World Tourism Organization) prediction, the number of international tourists will be 1.56 billion in 2020,and the average growth rate will be 4.1% a year. Chinese tourists, in particular, are increasing rapidly and about 100 million will travel the world in 2020. In 2009, about 7.8 million foreign tourists visited Korea and the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism is trying to attract 12 million foreign tourists in 2014. A research institute carried out a survey targeting foreign tourists and the survey results showed that they felt uncomfortable with communication (about 55.8%) and directional signs (about 21.4%) when they traveled in Korea. To solve this inconvenience for foreign tourists, multilingual servicesfor traffic signs, tour information, shopping information and so forth should be enhanced. The appearance of the Smartphone comes just in time to provide a new service to address these inconveniences. Smartphones are especially useful because every Smartphone has GPS (Global Positioning System) that can provide users' location to the system, making it possible to provide location-based services. For improvement of tourists' convenience, Seoul Metropolitan Government hasinitiated the u-tour service using Kiosks and Smartphones, and several Province Governments have started the u-tourpia project using RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) and an exclusive device. Even though the u-tour or u-tourpia service used the Smartphone and RFID, the tourist should know the location of the Kiosks and have previous information. So, this service did not give the solution yet. In this paper, I developed a new convenient service which can provide location based information for the individual tourists using GPS, WiFi, and 3G. The service was tested at Insa-dong in Seoul, and the service can provide tour information around the tourist using a push service without user selection. This self-tour service is designed for providing a travel guide service for foreign travelers from the airport to their destination and information about tourist attractions. The system reduced information traffic by constraining receipt of information to tourist themes and locations within a 20m or 40m radius of the device. In this case, service providers can provide targeted, just-in-time services to special customers by sending desired information. For evaluating the implemented system, the contents of 40 gift shops and traditional restaurants in Insa-dong are stored in the CMS (Content Management System). The service program shows a map displaying the current location of the tourist and displays a circle which shows the range to get the tourist information. If there is information for the tourist within range, the information viewer is activated. If there is only a single resultto display, the information viewer pops up directly, and if there are several results, the viewer shows a list of the contents and the user can choose content manually. As aresult, the proposed system can provide location-based tourist information to tourists without previous knowledge of the area. Currently, the GPS has a margin of error (about 10~20m) and this leads the location and information errors. However, because our Government is planning to provide DGPS (Differential GPS) information by DMB (Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) this error will be reduced to within 1m.

A Methodology for Extracting Shopping-Related Keywords by Analyzing Internet Navigation Patterns (인터넷 검색기록 분석을 통한 쇼핑의도 포함 키워드 자동 추출 기법)

  • Kim, Mingyu;Kim, Namgyu;Jung, Inhwan
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.123-136
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    • 2014
  • Recently, online shopping has further developed as the use of the Internet and a variety of smart mobile devices becomes more prevalent. The increase in the scale of such shopping has led to the creation of many Internet shopping malls. Consequently, there is a tendency for increasingly fierce competition among online retailers, and as a result, many Internet shopping malls are making significant attempts to attract online users to their sites. One such attempt is keyword marketing, whereby a retail site pays a fee to expose its link to potential customers when they insert a specific keyword on an Internet portal site. The price related to each keyword is generally estimated by the keyword's frequency of appearance. However, it is widely accepted that the price of keywords cannot be based solely on their frequency because many keywords may appear frequently but have little relationship to shopping. This implies that it is unreasonable for an online shopping mall to spend a great deal on some keywords simply because people frequently use them. Therefore, from the perspective of shopping malls, a specialized process is required to extract meaningful keywords. Further, the demand for automating this extraction process is increasing because of the drive to improve online sales performance. In this study, we propose a methodology that can automatically extract only shopping-related keywords from the entire set of search keywords used on portal sites. We define a shopping-related keyword as a keyword that is used directly before shopping behaviors. In other words, only search keywords that direct the search results page to shopping-related pages are extracted from among the entire set of search keywords. A comparison is then made between the extracted keywords' rankings and the rankings of the entire set of search keywords. Two types of data are used in our study's experiment: web browsing history from July 1, 2012 to June 30, 2013, and site information. The experimental dataset was from a web site ranking site, and the biggest portal site in Korea. The original sample dataset contains 150 million transaction logs. First, portal sites are selected, and search keywords in those sites are extracted. Search keywords can be easily extracted by simple parsing. The extracted keywords are ranked according to their frequency. The experiment uses approximately 3.9 million search results from Korea's largest search portal site. As a result, a total of 344,822 search keywords were extracted. Next, by using web browsing history and site information, the shopping-related keywords were taken from the entire set of search keywords. As a result, we obtained 4,709 shopping-related keywords. For performance evaluation, we compared the hit ratios of all the search keywords with the shopping-related keywords. To achieve this, we extracted 80,298 search keywords from several Internet shopping malls and then chose the top 1,000 keywords as a set of true shopping keywords. We measured precision, recall, and F-scores of the entire amount of keywords and the shopping-related keywords. The F-Score was formulated by calculating the harmonic mean of precision and recall. The precision, recall, and F-score of shopping-related keywords derived by the proposed methodology were revealed to be higher than those of the entire number of keywords. This study proposes a scheme that is able to obtain shopping-related keywords in a relatively simple manner. We could easily extract shopping-related keywords simply by examining transactions whose next visit is a shopping mall. The resultant shopping-related keyword set is expected to be a useful asset for many shopping malls that participate in keyword marketing. Moreover, the proposed methodology can be easily applied to the construction of special area-related keywords as well as shopping-related ones.

Impact of Corporate Entrepreneurship, Human Resource Innovation on the Firms' Innovation Activities and Nonfinancial Performance: A Exploratory Research of KOSDAQ Companies (사내기업가정신, 인적자원혁신성이 기업혁신활동과 비재무적 성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 탐색적 연구)

  • Hwangbo, Yun;Bae, Kun Seok
    • Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.1-14
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    • 2017
  • New business management methods different from the past are necessary because of the rapid changes of the corporates' environment. KOSDAQ(Korean Securities Dealers Automated Quotation) companies should be expected the more affirmative business performance of companies by listing, but it is a well-known that they have problems of low business performance mostly. This paper aims to investigate the influential factors on enhancing corporate innovation and nonfinantial business performance, and to clarify practical measures and present a solution of KOSDAQ companies' problems through analysis of previous researches and an empirical research. This research present corporate entrepreneurship and human resources innovation as impact factors on the business performance to apply finely the path of technological innovation for the solution of the relevance investigation limit between the complexity of corporates' innovation paths and the firms' performance. And also knowledge management activities and external networks management or the firms have been adopted as a corporate innovation activities for free from quantitative measures, such as conventional research and development(R&D) activities by considering recent corporates' knowledge business operations. The results of the empirical analysis shows that significant impact factors on corporate innovation activities are the firms' propensities of competitive advantage initiative, risk taking and chief executive officer's innovation. These can be interpreted that the CEOs' innovation propensity should be enhanced for stimulating corporate's innovaton activities, which include the CEOs' interest in the development of new technology, the exploiting new businesses and their support of the innovation discipline for employees. In addition, it can be said that it is necessary to intensify more initiatives within those enterprise for enhancing the competitive advantage in the identical industry. The significant impact factors of corporate entrepreneurship and human resource innovation on the non-financial performance are resulted as the propensities of firms' competitive advantage initiative, CEOs' innovation and employees' innovaton. This shows that the higher propensities of firms' competitive advantage initiative, CEOs' innovation and employees' innovaton, the higher the cognitive degrees of business performance within each corporate, which include the members' awareness about firms' sales growth, market share growth, profit ratio growth, customers' preference and corporates' awareness.

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Empirical Study of Key Factors in Satisfaction with Subway Services (지하철 이용만족도 결정요인에 관한 실증적 연구 -서울지역을 중심으로-)

  • Shim, Jong-Seop;Jeon, Ki-Heung
    • Korean Business Review
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    • v.13
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    • pp.49-66
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    • 2000
  • Despite the fact that understanding customers satisfaction with transportation services is a subject of great importance, authors, so far, found no systematic researches referred to that issue. From this point, studying the satisfaction with subways services can be extremely useful. Empirical study of key factors in the satisfaction with subway services is the departure point, which holds as objectives, and we believe, will contribute to overall increasing in the number of subways services used and in the amount of public benefits derived from that usage. In order to achieve these goals: First, several items referred to some key factors in the satisfaction of subway usage were systemized. Second, a research of specific weights attached to those key factors by subway passengers was conducted. Knowledge of the satisfaction variables system can provide deep insights into ones perceptual experience when using a subway. The results were as follows: Various interrelated factors compose a passengers satisfaction with subway services. People do not just use subway passively; a number of key factors, like physical and personal services, exact timing, easiness to access etc. determine the passengers satisfaction with subway. In order to find out specific weights of these key factors multiple regression analysis was employed. Results showed that satisfaction with subway is determined by (in order of importance) easiness to access, quality of physical services, friendliness of working stuff and timing exactness. According to the findings, passengers do not use subway as a simple mean of transportation, rather they perceive it as a complex combination of environmental elements and overall satisfaction depends on these various factors. Therefore, to learn passengers satisfaction with subways services, passengers subway experience must be thoroughly studied and analyzed, and this is where papers value resides.

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The Effect of Wedding Industry Employees Exchange Relationship on their Job Satisfaction and Voluntary Service Intentions (웨딩산업종사자의 교환관계가 직무만족과 자발적 서비스 의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Byun, Sang-Woo;Lee, Hyang-Sook
    • Management & Information Systems Review
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    • v.32 no.5
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    • pp.69-88
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    • 2013
  • This study aimed to analyze the effects that the exchange relationship among employees engaged in the wedding industry in Busan, Ulsan and Gyeongnam area exerted on job satisfaction and voluntary service intentions. For this purpose, a theoretical model was presented based on previous studies and the relationship among variables was analyzed based on the analysis results through a survey. There have recently been great difficulties in the whole wedding industry due to the global economic depression and the low birthrate. Moreover, it is hard to optimize the future business environment. In particular, the low birthrate has weakened the demand base of the wedding industry. As a result, it is expected that the competition among companies will be more fierce in the wedding industry. Employees' voluntary service intention become much more important to overcome difficulties in this industry. Employees' voluntary service intentions can be possible when their job satisfaction is achieved. Many studies report the result that this job satisfaction can naturally be achieved when the high quality exchange relationship among a leader, team members (co-workers) and customers is formed. It is viewed that employees' voluntary service intentions should be induced through job satisfaction to improve the profitability through the efficient operation and management of the system. A leader of the organization should make an effort to form the high-quality exchange relationship with members, support so that team members(coworkers) and other employees can get along together and the teamwork can be improved and induce them to improve a high level of service quality with friendly customer services. In spite of the significance of the study discussed above, there are the following limitations in this study. There is a limit to a certain extent in generalizing study conclusions because the study was limited to the Busan, Ulsan and Gyeongnam area. If practical surveys which full- and part-time employees are included in the composition of samples are conducted for wedding suppliers in the country in the future, the quality of study will be able to improve.

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