• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.5_6
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• pp.27-32
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• 1968

The larval instar of Scintillatrix djingischani OBENBERGER WES determined by measuring the head width of the larvae, some of which were bred in the room and the other collected in orchards during four years(1963-1966). Their growth ratio and variation were also studied. 1) The variation curve of the head width of the Iarvae distinctly appeared to be seven (7) curves, which seemed to have lived to be over seven(7) instars after six(6) times of molting. 2) In general, tile larvae live out to be 6-7 instar. Those pupated at 6th instar seem to over winter in tissue from November as matured. And those pupated in late Spring or early Summer after over wintering in canbium seem to be at 7th instar. 3) The standard deviation of the head width tends to grow larger except at 1st and 7th instar, while the coefficient of variation tends to decrease according as the number of instar increases. The growth ratio was found to decrease according as the number of instar increase except at 1 at and 2 nd instar. 4) To the growth of tee larval head width of this insect, Games and Campbell's formula was more applicable than Dyar's. 5) From the activties of larvae it is presumed that those bred in the year over winter in phelloderm or canbium at the 2 nd-3 rd instar, and the matured (2 year old) emerge the next year after over wintering in cambium or tissue at the 5th or 6th instar.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.111-122
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• 1997

The calculation of phase velocities in Spectral-Analysis -of-Surface -Waves (SASW) meas urements requires unwrapping phase angles. In case of layered systems with strong stiffness contrast like a pavement system, conventional phase unwrapping algorithm to add in teger multiples of 2n to the principal value of a phase angle may lead to wrong phase volocities. This is because there is difficulty in counting the number of jumps in the phase spectrum especially at the receiver spacing where the measurements are in the transition Bone of defferent modes. A new phase interpretation scheme, called "Impulse Response Fil traction ( IRF) Technique," is proposed, which is based on the separation of wave groups by the filtration of the impulse response determinded between two receivers. The separation of a wave group is based on the impulse response filtered by using information from Gabor spectrogram, which visualizes the propagation of wave groups at the frequency -time space. The filtered impulse response leads to clear interpretation of phase spectrum, which eliminates difficulty in counting number of jumps in the phase spectrum. Verification of the IRF technique was performed by theoretical simulation of the SASW measurement on a pavement system which complicates wave propagation.opagation.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2010

Twitter has been continuously growing since October, 2006. Especially, not only the users and the number of messages have been increasing but also a new concept in social networking called 'micro blogging' has diffused. Within Korea, service such as 'me2day' has already been introduced and the improvement of internet accessibility within mobile devices is expected to expand the 'micro blogs'. In this point, this research is executed to study the new medium, 'micro blog'. To do so, we collected and analyzed Twitter logs of Korean users. Especially, we were curious about the extreme heavy users using Twitter, despite of the linguistic and cultural barrier of the foreign service. Who they are, why and how they use the 'micro blog'. First, we reviewed the general aspect of followers and messages by collecting a certain number of random samples. Using the Lorenz curve we found out that there was the imbalance within the users and based on this phenomenon we deducted an extreme heavy user group. In order to perform further analysis, log analysis was performed on the extreme heavy users. As the result, the users used multiple mobile and desktop 'Twitter' clients. The usage pattern was similar to that of internet usage time but was used during their "micro" time. The users using 'Twitter' not only to spread messages about important information, special events and emotions, but also as a habitual 'chatting tool' to express ordinary personal chats similar to SMS and IM services. In this research, it is proved that 68% of the total messages were ordinary personal chats. Also, with 24% of the total messages were retweets, we were able to find out that virtually connected 'people' and 'relationships' acted as the dominant trigger of their articulation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1241-1247
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• 1997

Gel-type fermented milk was prepared from milk or mixture of milk and apple juice/grape juice. Acid production (pH change) and growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus (KCTC 2182) were studied. The effects of juice addition on sensory property of fermented milk were also studied. The pH value of samples containing mixture of milk and apple juice/grape juice (25 mL : 25 mL to 5 mL : 45 mL) was lower than that of milk sample. However, number of viable cells of L. acidophilus at 21 hr in milk and samples containing juices was similar. During lactic fermentation for 24 hr, pH of all samples dropped significantly between 6 hr and 21 hr. pH values of mixture of milk and juices were lower than that of milk sample. Growth curve showed that lag phase continued to approximately 3 hr and log phase continued to approximately 15 hr in all samples. Number of viable cells in all samples was similar Sensory evaluation showed that overall acceptability of fermented milk prepared from apple juice/grape juice and milk (15 mL : 35 mL or 5 mL : 45 mL) was better than that of reference sample. The optimum ratio of mixture of juice and milk was 15 mL : 35 mL. The score values of sensory test of fermented milk prepared from mixture of grape juice and milk were slightly higher than those of mixture of apple juice and milk.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.293-301
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• 2020

Background: The success rate of intubation under direct laryngoscopy is greatly influenced by laryngoscopic grade using the Cormack-Lehane classification. However, it is not known whether grade under direct laryngoscopy can also affects the success rate of nasotracheal intubation using a fiberoptic bronchoscpe, so this study investigated the same. In addition, we investigated other factors that influence the success rate of fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation (FNI). Methods: FNI was performed by 18 anesthesiology residents under general anesthesia in patients over 15 years of age who underwent elective oral and maxillofacial operations. In all patients, the Mallampati grade was measured. Laryngeal view grade under direct laryngoscopy, and the degree of secretion and bleeding in the oral cavity was measured and divided into 3 grades. The time required for successful FNI was measured. If the intubation time was > 5 minutes, it was evaluated as a failure and the airway was managed by another method. The failure rate was evaluated using appropriate statistical method. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) were also measured. Results: A total of 650 patients were included in the study, and the failure rate of FNI was 4.5%. The patient's sex, age, height, weight, Mallampati, and laryngoscopic view grade did not affect the success rate of FNI (P > 0.05). BMI, the number of FNI performed by residents (P = 0.03), secretion (P < 0.001), and bleeding (P < 0.001) grades influenced the success rate. The AUCs of bleeding and secretion were 0.864 and 0.798, respectively, but the AUC of BMI, the number of FNI performed by residents, Mallampati, and laryngoscopic view grade were 0.527, 0.616, 0.614, and 0.544, respectively. Conclusion: Unlike in intubation under direct laryngoscopy, in the case of FNI, oral secretion and nasal bleeding had a significant effect on FNI difficulty than Mallampati grade or Laryngeal view grade.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.187-193
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• 2016

In this study, we performed the carotid artery ultrasound targeting 140 subjects who have conducted to evaluate the changes in intima-media thickness(IMT) and plaque correlated with the presence or absence of a hematological test of the carotid artery. Considering that the IMT thickness more than 1mm is abnormal based on the carotid artery ultrasound to assess the presence or absence of plaque, and examined the correlation by classifying the blood lipid value and the fasting blood glucose level through the serum test. Consequently, the fasting blood glucose level is being analyzed as independent predictors of causing dental plaque(p=0.033), cut off value was determined as 126 mg/dL(sensitivity 56.25%, specificity 68.38%) in ROC curve analysis. Furthermore, the odds ratio appeared 1.01 times the value in the Logistic regression. Therefore, it seemed that the necessity to prospective studies in a number of subjects are considered, and also taking into account a number of blood test values along with the sonography of the carotid artery as a valuable part for effective primary prevention and follow-up observation of the cardiac and brain vascular disease is highly recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

Most PV modules are fabricated by 6 cell-strings with solar cells connected in series. Moreover, bypass diodes are generally installed every 2 cell-strings to prevent PV modules from a damage induced by current mismatch or partial shading. But, in the case of special purpose PV module, like as BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaic), the number of cell-strings per module varies according to its size. Differ from a module employing even cell-strings, the configuration of bypass diode should be optimized in the PV module with odd strings because of oppositely facing electrodes. Hence, in this study, electrical characteristics of special purposed PV module with odd string was empirically and theoretically studied depending on arrangement of bypass diode. Here, we assumed that PV module has 3 strings and the number of bypass diodes in the system varies from 2 to 6. In case of 2 bypass diodes, shading on a center string increases short circuit current of the module, because of a parallel circuit induced by 2 bypass diodes connected to center string. Also, the loss is larger, as the shading area in the center string is enlarged. Thus, maximum power of the PV module with 2 bypass diode decreases by up to 59 (%) when shading area varies from 50 to 90 (%). On the other hand, In case of 3 and 6 bypass diodes, the maximum power reduction was within about 3 (W), even the shading area changes from 50 to 90 (%). As a result, It is an alternative to arrange the bypass diode by each string or one bypass diode in the PV module in order to completely bypass current in case of shading, when PV module with odd string are fabricated.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.11-22
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• 1999

Least-mean-square(LMS) adaptive filters have proven to be extremely useful in a number of signal processing tasks. However LMS adaptive filter suffer from a slow rate of convergence for a given steady-state mean square error as compared to the behavior of recursive least squares adaptive filter. In this paper an efficient signal interference control technique is introduced to improve the convergence speed of LMS algorithm with tap weighted vectors updating which were controled by reusing data which was abandoned data in the Adaptive transversal filter in the scheme with data recycling buffers. The computer simulation show that the character of convergence and the value of MSE of proposed algorithm are faster and lower than the existing LMS according to increasing the step-size parameter $\mu$ in the experimentally computed. learning curve. Also we find that convergence speed of proposed algorithm is increased by (B+1) time proportional to B which B is the number of recycled data buffer without complexity of computation. Adaptive transversal filter with proposed data recycling buffer algorithm could efficiently reject ISI of channel and increase speed of convergence in avoidance burden of computational complexity in reality when it was experimented having the same condition of LMS algorithm.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.625-633
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• 2021

This paper describes a scalable architecture for flexible hardware implementation of Montgomery modular multiplication. Our scalable modular multiplier architecture, which is based on a one-dimensional array of processing elements (PEs), performs word parallel operation and allows us to adjust computational performance and hardware complexity depending on the number of PEs used, N_PE. Based on the proposed architecture, we designed a scalable Montgomery modular multiplier (sMM) core supporting eight field sizes defined in SEC2. Synthesized with 180-nm CMOS cell library, our sMM core was implemented with 38,317 gate equivalents (GEs) and 139,390 GEs for N_PE=1 and N_PE=8, respectively. When operating with a 100 MHz clock, it was evaluated that 256-bit modular multiplications of 0.57 million times/sec for N_PE=1 and 3.5 million times/sec for N_PE=8 can be computed. Our sMM core has the advantage of enabling an optimized implementation by determining the number of PEs to be used in consideration of computational performance and hardware resources required in application fields, and it can be used as an IP (intellectual property) in scalable hardware design of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.661-672
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• 2022

After the outbreak of the SARS-CoV2 virus that causes COVID-19, it spreads around the world with the number of infections and deaths rising rapidly caused a shortage of medical resources. As a way to solve this problem, chest X-ray diagnosis using Artificial Intelligence(AI) received attention as a primary diagnostic method. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively analyze the detection of COVID-19 via AI. To achieve this purpose, 292 studies were collected through a series of Classification methods. Based on these data, performance measurement information including Accuracy, Precision, Area Under Cover(AUC), Sensitivity, Specificity, F1-score, Recall, K-fold, Architecture and Class were analyzed. As a result, the average Accuracy, Precision, AUC, Sensitivity and Specificity were achieved as 95.2%, 94.81%, 94.01%, 93.5%, and 93.92%, respectively. Although the performance measurement information on a year-on-year basis gradually increased, furthermore, we conducted a study on the rate of change according to the number of Class and image data, the ratio of use of Architecture and about the K-fold. Currently, diagnosis of COVID-19 using AI has several problems to be used independently, however, it is expected that it will be sufficient to be used as a doctor's assistant.