• International Journal of Contents
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2012

Technological substitution is the process by which a radical technology replaces the dominant technology in an industry. The processes of diffusion and substitution have been modeled extensively (Technology & innovation, 2010). However, the formulation of classical quantitative models encompasses only part of the theoretical space. These models impose many simplified constraints to the achievement of analytical resolution. The interior design organization needs to establish a set of technical system requirements by describing the scope of the accessibility needs of the organization against current technology use. Because of complicated design resources and ongoing advances in design technologies, design systems face the challenge of prioritizing new technologies for supporting. The problem is small design organization administration often displays a lack of concern toward the evaluation of technology integration. In this paper, I will identify the influence of a design organization's technology, and predict how future technology will inform, support, and potentially hinder productivity, culture, and work satisfaction within a design organization in the industry. In addition, I will use current design organizational behavior and leadership models to support my predictions. Finally, I will examine a proven approach to assist designers with evaluating technology integration in interior design organization. The goal is to develop a high quality, professional development scorecards for the evaluation. I will conduct both the evaluation of technology integration and CRM performance evaluation is recommended to assess the effectiveness of technology integration. Therefore, the evaluation of integration technologies oriented design hold the promise of solving the organization application integration challenge. The evaluation of integration technology is a significant pattern for processing such a vision. The careful selection of an integration technology for this purpose is crucial in contributing toward the success of such an interior design organization endeavor.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.11 no.12
• /
• pp.747-759
• /
• 2013

This study posits the activities of the fandom as information behavior: information producing, information diffusion, information sharing. The authors identify the underlying motivation and needs which lead fandom to these behavior on the basis of contents theory. In particular, the manner in which the those needs influence the information behavior of fandom is explored. The data used in this study came from various Fan Caf$\acute{e}$s which are communities of star fan. The results from the survey shows that the fandom is a kind of culture closely connected to social needs. Fandom can be viewed as an important driving force in the entertainment industry as they are co-creating the value in entertainment market.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.199-208
• /
• 2016

In this study, We tried to investigate the relationship between the Caregiver's Autonomy of duty and the Their innovation action at the present situation of awareness diffusion of caregiver's job autonomy and rapid aging increasing. We analyzed the factors effected to the innovative action by the caregiver's job autonomy and demographic factor, to the caregivers who work in Seoul. As a result of the analysis, it was found the factors that effect to innovation action statistically and significantly are job autonomy, work schedule, decision-making, methodology, age, education, type of facility, scale of facility and job title. In other words, the organization tries to invest enough job autonomy to caregiver in their environment and the organizational culture tries to encourage new idea is induct positive effect to the innovative action. In this regards, the principal requires ability to create environment that the caregivers can suggest new idea, and develop the management strategy to improve caregiver's job autonomy.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.363-367
• /
• 2004

Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-1149 produces various glucoseyltransferases for the synthesis of dextran, levan and glucose-1-phosphate using sucrose as a substrate. A sucrose phosphorylase (1149SPase) was purified from L. mesenteroides NRRL B-1149 culture by using hollow fiber filtration (30 kDa cut off), Toyopearl DEAE 650 M column chromatography and following two times of DEAE-Sepharose column chromatographies. The specific activity of the purified 1149SPase was 25.7 (U/mg) with $16\%$ yield. The 1149SPase showed a molecular size of 56 kDa on denatured $10\%$ SDS-PAGE. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme was MEIQNKAM. The optimum pH and temperature of this enzyme were 6.2~6.5 and 37^{circ}C, respectively. It had an apparent K_{m} of 6.0 mM and K_{cat} of 1.62/s for sucrose. 1149SPase crystal was formed by hanging drop diffusion technique using 20 mM calcium chloride dihydrate, 100 mM sodium acetate trihydrate pH 4.6 and $30\%$ 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol as vaporizing and reservation solution. The 1149SPase catalyzes transferring of glucose from isomaltose or sucrose to salicin and salicyl alcohol by disproportionation reaction or acceptor reaction and synthesized two acceptor products, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.16 no.3 s.76
• /
• pp.420-426
• /
• 2006

Bacillus sp. KMU-991 was isolated from Oslo city soils at Norway and shown a strong antifungal activity on red-pepper anthracnose, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Bacillus sp. KMU-991 produced a maximum level of antifungal substrate under aerobic incubation at $30^{\circ}C$, 180 rpm for 48 hours in TSB medium(initial pH 7.0) containing 1.0% mannitol and 1.0% ammonium chloride. Precipitate of culture broth by $30{\sim}60%$ ammonium sulfate precipitation exhibited strong antifungal activity against C. gloeosporioides KACC 40804. Butanol extract of cultured broth also shown fungal growth inhibitory activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicus-lycopersici KACC 40537, Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 KACC 40142, Botrytis cinerea KACC 40573, Colletotrichum orbiculare KACC 40808, and Phytophthora cambivora KACC 40160 by agar diffusion method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.39
• /
• pp.139-166
• /
• 1998

This dissertation is to help understanding about the emergence of active children's clothes in the latter part of the 18th century in England. In previous ages children had not been look-ed upon as children, but as incomplete and in-ferior men and women, the costume of children had not been distinguishable from that of their elders. The early eighteenth-century chil-d could not play in comfort because they dressed like their parents. But in the third quarther of the eighteenth century children became free from their con-comfortable and became active. English chil-dren's clothes was prevailing even in Europe as well. In the background of this liberation, there were many enlightened ideas, such as philosophers of enlightenment, doctors, writers, educators. Among these John Locke and Jean Jacque Rousseau criticized openly about rampant fashion which was distorting the body by corset and hoop. Rousseau was the one who wrote$\boxDr$Emile$\boxUl$and played the most important role to free children from an old fashioned idea, and emphasized to bring up children by the natural process of mental and physical development as human beings are a part of nature. Fashion reflects politic, economic, social, ideology, culture of the days and these factor function to create fashion which shows“Time Spirit”.Children's clothes, like those of their parents, follow the fashion, but with a difference, the form of which varies with the attitude to the child. Thus this dissertation was to study in relation with the background of the times in the latter part of 18th century in England and Rousseau's Naturalism in connection with the emergence of active children's clothes. The result is that diffusion of the idea of freedom and equality, the growth of bourgeoisie, the development of clothing and tex-tile industry have influenced to the emergence of active children's clothes. Also a great deal of middle and high class parents devoted to their children's education and was influenced by Rousseau's Naturalism. Specially the bourgeoisie who made their fortune by their own effort were eager to educate their achievement and business by their children through education. This factor influenced to the children's clothes as well.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 2017

Objective: Microbial aggregation around dental implants can lead to loss/loosening of the implants. This study was aimed at surface treating titanium microimplants with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to achieve antibacterial properties. Methods: AgNP-modified titanium microimplants (Ti-nAg) were prepared using two methods. The first method involved coating the microimplants with regular AgNPs (Ti-AgNP) and the second involved coating them with a AgNP-coated biopolymer (Ti-BP-AgNP). The topologies, microstructures, and chemical compositions of the surfaces of the Ti-nAg were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Disk diffusion tests using Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were performed to test the antibacterial activity of the Ti-nAg microimplants. Results: SEM revealed that only a meager amount of AgNPs was sparsely deposited on the Ti-AgNP surface with the first method, while a layer of AgNP-coated biopolymer extended along the Ti-BP-AgNP surface in the second method. The diameters of the coated nanoparticles were in the range of 10 to 30 nm. EDS revealed 1.05 atomic % of Ag on the surface of the Ti-AgNP and an astounding 21.2 atomic % on the surface of the Ti-BP-AgNP. XPS confirmed the metallic state of silver on the Ti-BP-AgNP surface. After 24 hours of incubation, clear zones of inhibition were seen around the Ti-BP-AgNP microimplants in all three test bacterial culture plates, whereas no antibacterial effect was observed with the Ti-AgNP microimplants. Conclusions: Titanium microimplants modified with Ti-BP-AgNP exhibit excellent antibacterial properties, making them a promising implantable biomaterial.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.3-8
• /
• 1980

Yersinia enterocolitica has been known to be an important enteric pathogen especially in Scandinavian countries and Canada. In Korea, the authors reported the first case of Y. pseudotuberculosis septicemia in 1979. In 1980, three isolates of Y enterocolitica were obtained from 3 adult patients with enteritis, besides the already reported one in a 5-month-old child, during March to June 1980. Difficulty in the isolation was experienced; ie., the organism was isolated only from the SS primary isolation plate in one case and in the other two cases only from the SS plates inoculated with overnight culture of selenite broth. The isolates showed typical cultural and biochemical characteristics except for the nonmotility even at room temperature. Two isolates were indole negative possibly belonging to Wauter's biotype 3 and the other one was indole positive belonging to biotype 2. One patient was tested for the serum agglutinin titer on the 8th hospital day and it was found to be 1:128. All of the isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, colistin, gentamicin, kanamycin, tetracyclne, and tobramycin by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. All of the infections were controled by ampicillin, amoxicillin, amikacin, or gentamicin treatment. It is considered urgent to broaden our knowledge on yersiniosis in Korea not only by isolating, serotyping and biotyping of the organism, but also by surveying serum agglutinin titer of enteritis patients and normal individuals.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.125-131
• /
• 2017

Clitoria ternatea or Commonly known blue pea, is a perennial climber crop native to Asian countries. The current study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity C. ternatea extract on food borne microorganisms and its antifungal effect on Penicillium expansum. The extract showed significant antimicrobial activity against 3 Gram positive bacteria, 2 Gram negative bacteria and 1 filamentous fungus on disc diffusion assay. The extract also showed good biocidal effect on all Gram positive bacteria tested and P. expansum. However, the kill curve analysis revealed that the fungicidal activity of the extract against P. expansum conidia was depend on the concentration of the extract and the time of exposure of the conidia to the extract. The scanning electron micrograph of the extract treated P. expansum culture showed alterations in the morphology of fungal hyphae. The germination of P. expansum conidia was completely inhibited and conidial development was totally suppressed by the extract, suggesting the possible mode of action of anthocyanin. Besides, the extract also exhibited 5.0-log suppression of microbial growth relative to control in the rice model. The results indicate the potential use of the C. ternatea anthocyanin as food biopreservative.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.25-37
• /
• 2011

PES UF membranes containing silver were prepared to impart antibacterial properties for waste water treatment. Asymmetric membranes for antibacterial application were prepared from polyethersulfone (PES) and silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$) (PES/$AgNO_3$=15/2 by weight) solution in N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) via simple wet phase inversion technique. These membranes were characterized by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) of different molecular weights (1000 ppm in water) at room temperature and on operating pressure of 5 bars. It was observed that the water flux of PES-$AgNO_3$ membrane is slightly lower than virgin PES but still increased linearly with the increment of pressure applied. The morphology of the resulting membranes was examined using Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Elemental analysis using EDS proved that silver is successfully loaded on the membrane surfaces. Due to the success of loading silver on membrane surfaces, antibacterial activities were evaluated via agar diffusion method against Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) culture. By incorporating 2 wt% of silver nitrate, PES-$AgNO_3$ showed significant inhibition ring on both E.coli and S.aureus. Filtration of E.coli solution (OD 0.31) showed satisfactory rejection data with ~100% inhibition growth after 24 hours incubation at $37^{\circ}C$. Resultant membranes also exhibit better tensile strength (compared to virgin PES) up to 71% may be due to the suggested interactions. The residual silver during fabrication was measured using ICP-MS and result showed that the residual silver content of PES-$AgNO_3$ membrane was only ~1% of the original silver added in the polymer solution. These studies have shown that PES-$AgNO_3$ UF membranes are potential in improving the filtration in water treatment.