• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.27-35
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• 2021

This study aimed to analyze the current status of preservation of buildings in the Cultural Heritage Zone of folk village. Since actual residents inhabit and live in cultural properties, for instance a folk village, so their original forms have been changed over time responding to changes of the social environment. So this present study selected one folk village, located in the largest cultural heritage zone and lived most resident in our country, after which investigated its deformation process. This study also conducted in-depth analysis relying on the data collected from aerial photographs, field surveys, building ledgers. In particular, such analysis focused on changes in unauthorized alteration to the existing state that have been attempted so far. As a result, various variations were found in a number of buildings, caused from damages to landscape of cultural assets. Finally, the reasons for such deformation were interpreted to utilize as future references for restoration of the folk village landscape.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.216-241
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• 2019

There are 35 cultural properties of fourteen kinds in the Demilitarized Zone known so far, but this number is expected to increase in the future. Among them, Cheolwon-Doseong and Jeongol-Chong of Gimhwa should be the first step toward conservation efforts by conducting a joint investigation through the collaboration of North and South Korea. In particular, the joint investigation of Cheolwon-Doseong will not only remind the North and South that they are the same people who have had common history and cultural traditions for a long time, but will also give symbolic meaning to convert the demilitarized zone into a stage for peace. Since Jeongol-Chong is a mass grave of the fallen soldiers of Pyeongan Province who fought against the invasion of the Qing of China, it should be managed as a national designated cultural asset through joint investigation. In addition, the Demilitarized Zone should become a World Heritage Site because of its importance to the legacy of the Korean War, an international war caused by an ideological confrontation. Furthermore, it has more than 6,000 kinds of temperate forests in addition to 100 species of endangered species and natural monuments. The DMZ is very qualified to be a World Natural Heritage Site, and should be included as a World Complex Cultural Heritage Site that qualifies as a World Heritage and World Natural Heritage Site. In the Demilitarized Zone, we can also find numerous highlands, tunnels and posts used during the Korean War, as well as surveillance posts, a military demarcation line, barbed wire fences, and Panmunjom, which were created by the armistice agreement. it would be desirable to select some of its sections and war facilities and to register them as modern cultural heritage assets. Finally, it is necessary to reconstruct the Dorasan Signal Fire Site, which was the communication facility of a traditional era which connected the South (Dorasan) and North (Gaesong). This would symbolize smooth communication between the two Koreas. In order to prepare for the reckless development of the Demilitarized Zone due to the upcoming cease-fire, the government and cultural asset experts will have to work hard to identify and preserve the cultural properties of the Demilitarized Zone, and they will also have to maintain consistent control over matters such as indiscriminate investigation and mine clearance.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.36
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• pp.4-10
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• 2015

This paper confirms characteristics of lead isotopes of bronze artifacts excavated from Korea peninsula using 673 data classified according to Age, type and region. Lead isotopes data in Early iron ages are distributed in the southern Korean peninsula, but data in Joseon ages are concentrated in zone 3. Also Bronze artifacts excavated from Seoul, Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, Jeolla and Gyeonsang are manufactured using raw materials of the entire Korea peninsula, but bronzes excavated from North Korea aren't produced using raw materials of Gyeonsang provinces. Lead isotopes data will be able to find moving routes of raw materials and to separate the period of mixing and recycling of lead.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.39-52
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• 2012

The Usuki Stone Buddha Statues in Oita are consisted of 60 Buddhas which represent of Japan carved on the rock-cliff in the 12 to 14th centuries. The basement rock of the statues is dark gray welded lapilli tuff that containing the Aso-4 pyroclastic rock group. Deterioration maps for the Hoki I and the Furuzono Buddha Statues group show multi-directional fissures on the Cakra, and sheeting-off zone at the margin of uprising water. Deterioration rate of the Hoki I group was calculated fissure about 121 in number, 19% of sheeting-off zone and 51% of biological weathering in surface of area. And the Furuzono group was also evaluated as about 48 of fissures in number, 24% of sheeting-off zone and 41% biological weathering. The slope stability assessment results, the Hoki I developed discontinuous planes has possibility of planar, toppling and wedge failures in all caves. Ultrasonic velocity of the Aizen-myooh (basement rock) ranges from 1,520 to 2,794 (average 2,298m/s). And pedestal of Amita-yeorae which has been replaced by new fresh rock is measured as 3,242 to 4,141 (average 3,813m/s). Therefore, we establish of planing conservation treatment and reinforcement methods to fissure, cavity, sheeting-off zone in the Buddha surface.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.345-351
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• 2014

Chemical and Pb isotope analysis were performed in order to determine the origin of bronze artefacts excavated from the Inyongsaji site in South Korea. The result of ICP-MS shows that they are tin bronzes in which lead was not intentionally added during production. Pb isotope data analyzed by TIMS are plotted in the southern region of Korea and China of the distribution map drawn by Mabuchi(1985). On the other hand, the identical isotope data are plotted in the Taebaek basin and the Olcheon metamorphic belt correspondent to zone2 and zone3 respectively. It is believed that the isotope data on the tin bronzes which have very low lead content can be used to trace the origin of copper ore rather than those of either lead or tin ore. Pb istope analysis allows diverse interpretation as it can be applied to any object containing trace amounts of lead. In addition, accumulation of isotope data as well as further studies will improve reliability of the provenance studies.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.55-67
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• 2013

This study focused on analysis condition and application method of the passive infrared thermography according to the direction and time to nondestructively detect the blistering zone of stone cultural heritage. As a result, the passive thermographic images showed different temperature characteristics by time because it sensitively reacts to air temperature, insolation and sunshine direction. In particular, the insolation and sunshine direction, which are periodically changed from 6:00 to 17:00, irregularly made surface temperature. In addition, surface temperature differences were brought on fresh zones and blistering zones except specific time since blistering causes erratic thermal transfer. As a result of examining the detection characteristics of blistering by time, the blistering was well detected between 9:00 and 10:00 when there was rapid increase in air temperature and insolation in all direction except the north. However, this study isn't considered effects of four seasons because it is carried out in autumn, and the passive thermography has difficulty to analyze the quantitative area of blistering zone. Therefore, an additional study for synthetic consideration of the passive thermography analysis about four seasons and quantitative modeling of blistering zone using the active thermography are needed.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.110-119
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• 2015

Bronzes, Earthenwares and various artifacts were excavated from Pungnap earthen fortress in the early Baekje age in Korea. This study was performed in order to identify the manufacture technology of bronze artefacts and provenance of lead in bronzes. Microstructure and chemical composition results show that 3 of them are Cu-Sn-Pb alloys in which an intentional lead addition was carried out and one is tin bronze showing straight twin structure within crystal grains. Also $CuFeS_2$ or $Cu_5FeS_4$ was used as raw materials through the detection of S and Fe as trace elements. The lead isotope results could be matched with one of the zones of southern Korea and China on the East Asian map. This results shows that data were plotted either in zone 2 or zone 3 of the South Korean galena map. However, one of bronze artifacts was matched with the zone of Northern China.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.4-11
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• 2016

This study compares eight bronze spoons in the Goryeo Dynasty and analyzes their components and lead isotopes in order to confirm the relationship between their production sites and excavation sites. Most of the excavated spoons have elliptical heads, and their handles are categorized into two types. Bronze spoons are made of binary Cu-Sn alloys, but Pb is not added. The same artifacts can have different trace elements depending on location, and the spoons had high Ag content. According to an analysis of their lead isotopic ratio, they were made with raw materials produced in Zone 3 of the South Korean galena map. If the data of the trace elements in the raw ores of the bronze is accumulated, it can be used to indicate the provenance of the artifacts.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.82-95
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• 2014

This study aims to draw up measures to planting tree and maintain a landscape in traditional space. Preceding comprehensive theoretical consideration of selected species of trees and tree maintenance. And analysis of present condition of planting in cases of Gwanghalluwon Garden, then draw a maintenance plans of planting through species of trees and landscape of planting recorded in literature. The results were as follows. First, Analysis of selected species of trees and tree maintenance that traditional space. A dispute about the selection species of trees in traditional space has been continued until today. Because unconditional reject of foreign trees are limited. In this context, should be sublated that hasty blind faith of records and dichotomous preparation plans such as removal of foreign trees and implicitly planting of native plants. Secondly, Planted trees in Gwanghalluwon garden was investigated and found to the species of trees used in traditional space such as Pine(Pinus densiflora S. et Z.), Sawleaf Zelkova(Zelkova serrata), Ginkgo(Ginkgo biloba), Crape Myrtle(Lagerstroemia indica L.). But, present planting irrelevant to traditional space, except Gwanghallu pavilion area from the spatiality. Thirdly, A look at the records or literature that maintenance of planting through historical research are limited. Because literature was recorded Salix spp., Crape Myrtle, Bambusoideae(Pseudosasa japonica), lotus only among planted trees in Gwanghalluwon garden. Fourth, Gwanghallu zone have nature of history and sense of place. And It was going to restore the appearance on historical. Consequently maintenance plan of planting of Gwanghallu zone should be maintain the current state. Wanwol pavillion zone can be recognized as the original form because they look similar to the Gwangallu zone's buildings. Therefore, it is necessary to secure the sense of place different from Gwanghallu zone by buffer planting for composition of transition space. Wolmaejip zone and lawn zone was marketplace in outside of castle and large forest. Accordingly, this area should be symbolic restoration of the Yulrim(栗林) and representation of the marketplace in outside of castle through aggregation of facilities and administrative facilities in Gwanghalluwon garden. East lawn of the Wanwol pavilion zone is should be maintained the current state that opened place in terms of using thought linked with the Wanwol pavilion zone. Boundary zone of the Gwanghalluwon garden is difficult to associate in terms of historical research and authenticity. Therefore, application of cultural landscape that appeared in literature is be worth.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.73-74
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• 2014

일정한 면적을 가지고 있는 문화재지역은 문화재보호구역에 대한 관리가 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 회전익무인기를 이용하여 명승지 내부의 경로를 따라 경로비행 루트를 설정하고 정사투영촬영된 사진과 연속지적자료의 중첩을 통해 대단위 면적으로 구성되는 문화재내부의 지적별 공간정보를 확인할 수 있었다. 회전익무인기의 주기적인 활용을 통해 문화재지역에 대한 지속적인 모니터링과 향후 역사문화환경보존지역의 현상변경 관리 등에도 널리 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.