• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.296-304
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of climate change on rice yield and quality. Experiments were conducted using SPAR(Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research) chambers, which was designed to create virtual future climate conditions, in the National Institute of Crop Science, Jeonju, Korea, in 2016. In the future climate conditions($+2.8^{\circ}C$ temp, 580 ppm $CO_2$) of year 2051~2060 according to RCP 8.5 scenario, elevated temperature and $CO_2$ accelerated the heading date by about five days than the present climate conditions, resulted in a high temperature environment during grain filling stage. Rice yield decreased sharply in the future climate conditions due to the high temperature induced poor ripening. And the spikelet numbers, ripening ratio, and 1000-grain weight of brown rice were significantly decreased compared to control. The rice grain quality was also decreased sharply, especially due to the increased immature grains. In the future climate conditions, expression of starch biosynthesis-related genes such as granule-bound starch synthase(GBSSI, GBSSII, SSIIa, SSIIb, SSIIIa), starch branching enzyme(BEIIb) and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPS1, AGPS2, AGPL2) were repressed in developing seeds, whereas starch degradation related genes such as ${\alpha}-amylase$(Amy1C, Amy3D, Amy3E) were induced. These results suggest that the reduction in yield and quality of rice in the future climate conditions is likely caused mainly by the poor grain filling by high temperature. Therefore, it is suggested to develop tolerant cultivars to high temperature during grain filling period and a new cropping system in order to ensure a high quality of rice in the future climate conditions.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.202-209
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• 2018

This study was conducted to compare annual productivity of whole crop rice and winter crops in paddy field of southern region in Korean peninsular. Whole crop rice (WCR) varieties used in this experiment were Suwon 605, Yeongwoo, and Mogwoo bred at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), and Rye (Gogwoo), Italian ryegrass(IRG, Greenfarm) and Triticale (Choseong) were used as winter crops. Each crop was cultivated using the standard cultivation method and harvesting of whole rice was carried out about 30 days after heading date. The dry matter (DM) content was the lowest in Italian ryegrass (p<0.05), and the highest value was 29.4% in triticale. The dry matter yield of rye was the highest (p<0.05), and there was no significant difference between Italian ryegrass and triticale (p>0.05). There was no difference in forage quality among seeding time of each species, but there was a difference among the species (p<0.05). In particular, rye showed lower CP, IVDMD, TDN and RFV values than other species. The average dry matter production of whole crop rice was 18,484 kg/ha, but there was no significant difference among the cultivars (p>0.05). Crude protein (CP) content was significantly lower in Mogwoo than other and TDN and RFV values were the highest in Mogwoo. In the annual productivity evaluation, combination of rye-Suwon 605 showed the highest DM yield at 26,515kg/ha. Based on the above results, it was concluded that the combination of Suwon 605-rye (Gogwoo) was the most effective cropping system for annual forage production using whole crop rice and winter crop in the southern region of Korean peninsular.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.331-337
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• 2018

The content of nutrients, proteins, and oils of crop seeds is affected by global climate change due to the increase in temperature. Information regarding the effects of increased temperature on soybean seed nutrition is limited despite its vital role in seed quality and food security. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of increasing temperature on seed nutrient, protein, and oil content in two soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] cultivars (Daewonkong and Pungsannamulkong during the reproductive period in a temperature-gradient chamber. Four temperature treatments, Ta (near ambient temperature), $Ta+1^{\circ}C$ (ambient temperature+$1^{\circ}C$), $Ta+2^{\circ}C$ (ambient temperature+$2^{\circ}C$), $Ta+3^{\circ}C$ (ambient temperature+$3^{\circ}C$), and $Ta+4^{\circ}C$ (ambient temperature+$4^{\circ}C$), were established by dividing the rows along the temperature gradient. At maturity, increased temperature did not significantly affect the concentration of P, K, Ca, and Mg. The protein and oil content was significantly correlated with temperature. At maturity, the protein content of DWK and PSNK was reduced at $Ta+4^{\circ}C$. The oil content was the highest at $Ta+4^{\circ}C$ in DWK, whereas it decreased in PSNK at $Ta+4^{\circ}C$. Consequently, the biochemical composition of soybean seeds changed with the increase in temperature. These results illustrate the effects of temperature on soybean seed nutrient, protein, and oil content, which can help improve soybean quality at different temperatures. Thus, the biochemical composition of crop seeds can be changed in accordance with nutritional requirements for the benefit of human health in the future.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.304-313
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate the resistance starch(RS) content and in vitro hydrolysis index of roasted rice flours for low GI food development. This study used intermediate and high amylose rice varieties containing resistant starch. The intermediate amylose rice varieties 'Ilmi' and high amylose rice varieties, 'Goami4' and 'Dodamssal' were tested. The crude fat and crude protein contents of the rice cultivars ranged 2.12~3.08% and 6.2~7.63%, respectively. The RS and amylose contents of Dodamssal and Goami4 were higher than those of Ilmi. RS content of Ilmi was not significantly different before and after roasting treatment. The RS content of Goami4 before roasting was significantly higher than that of Dodamssal, but the RS content of Dodamssal was higher than that of Goami4 at temperatures above $210^{\circ}C$ of roasting. The soluble starch decreased after roasting in Goami4 and Dodamssal. Starch hydrolysis index (HI) and expected glycemic index (GI) were higher in order of Imi, Goami4 and Dodamssal regardless of roasting treatment. The sensory evaluation showed high scores in Dodamssal for color, flavor, bitter taste, bitter taste, sweet taste and sweetness at $240^{\circ}C$ for 10 min and $210^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. The results of this study indicate that Dodamssal was suitable varieties for powder meal with low GI.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2019

This study was carried out to acquire basic data for a long-term hydroponic culture through investigating water and inorganic ion uptake characteristics at different EC level of nutrient solution of three tomato varieties. Three different tomato varieties, the European type(cv. Daphnis), the Asian type(cv. Super Doterang) and cherry type(cv. Minichal), were used for the investigation. Also, the deep flow technique(DFT) was applied. The three different electrical conductivity(EC) level(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 dS·m-1) of hydroponic nutrient solution were used as variable. At a high EC level of nutrient solution, the leaf area and fresh weight decreased in the early stage, and its growth(plant height, leaf number, leaf area, fresh-weight) was poor with salt stress. Result showed that the higher the EC level of the nutrient solution, the lesser was water uptake. The water uptake was not significantly different from varieties in the first survey, but In the second survey, the 'Daphnis' did not show a significant decrease in water uptake in the EC level higher than 2.0 dS·m-1., on the other hand, 'Super Doterang' presented very low water uptake. At a low EC level, N, P, and K, were absorbed more than the concentration of the irrigation water, while Ca, Mg, S uptake were low. At a high EC level, almost ions absorbed less than 50% of the initial concentration of irrigation water. Thus, imbalance among ions was severe at low EC level compared to high EC level. 'Daphnis' was a variety that effectively utilize nutrients under nutrient stress, showing high absorption at low concentration condition and low absorption at high concentration condition. However, 'Daphnis' suffered most seriously by absorbing nutrients excessively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.383-391
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• 2021

To develop a cultivation method for the mass production of sweetpotato cultivars, 'Juhwangmi' (orange tuber) and 'Sinjami' (puple tuber), the yield of tuber roots and content of various functional substances were analyzed according to planting intervals and growing periods. For 'Juhwangmi, the total yield of tubers was increased by respectively 36% and 54% and the yield of tubers over 300 g was increased by respectively 170% and 221% in the 140-day and 160-day cultivation plots compared with that in the 120-day cultivation plot at the 70×20 cm planting interval. Similarly, the total content of beta-carotene in the tubers increased as the cultivation period was extended. In particular, beta-carotene content at the 70×20 cm planting interval was the highest. For 'Sinjami', at the same planting interval, the total yield of tubers and yield of tubers over 300 g significantly increased as the growing period was extended. Within the same cultivation period, the yield of tubers over 300 g and the total anthocyanin content of 'Sinjami' were higher at the 70×30 and 70×35 cm planting intervals than at the 70×20 and 70×25 cm planting intervals in the 140-day and 160-day cultivation plots. Moreover, the total polyphenol and flavonoid content was significantly higher in 'Sinjami' than in 'Juhwangmi', and the values were the highest in the 160-day cultivation plots. In particular, the content of these two functional substances in tubers over 300 g was the highest at the 70×30 and 70×35 cm planting intervals.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2022

Rice is one of the three major grains globally, and has been used as a staple food in Asian countries for a long time. In recent years, with the increase in the use of processed rice, the development and distribution of rice flour varieties have become a research focus. However, rice flour varieties are susceptible to pre-harvest sprouting (PHS). In this study, the optimal transplanting date for rice flour varieties for maximum yield production with PHS avoidance was examined. Four rice flour varieties with different maturity types (early maturing type, Garumi2 and medium-late maturing type, Seolgaeng, Hangaru, and Singil) were selected. The field experiment was conducted in Chuncheon (Central Plain area) and Cheorwon (Northern Plain area), Gangwon Province, Republic of Korea, from 2017 to 2019. The transplanting dates used were May 10, May 20, May 30, June 10, and June 20 in Chuncheon and April 30, May 10, May 20, May 30, and June 10 in Cheorwon. In Chuncheon, late transplantation decreased PHS in Garumi2. In Cheorwon, PHS in Garumi2 decreased with transplantation dates after May 20. The PHS decreased in Seolgaeng, Hangaru, and Singil with late transplantation in Chuncheon and Cheorwon. The optimal transplanting date for maximum yield production while avoiding PHS for Garumi2 was estimated to be June 10 in Chuncheon and May 25 in Cheorwon; for Seolgaeng, the optimal transplanting dates were May 20 in Chuncheon and May 15 in Cheorwon; for Hangaru, it was estimated to be May 30 in Chuncheon and May 15 in Cheorwon; and for Singil, the optimal dates were May 25 in Chuncheon and May 15 in Cheorwon.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.172-179
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• 2021

This study aimed to assess the disease incidence and distribution of toxigenic in Korean triticale. The pathogen of triticale that cause Fusarium head blight were isolated from five different triticale cultivars that cultivated in Suwon Korea at 2021 year. The 72 candidate were classified as a Fusarium asiaticum by morphology analysis and by ITS1, TEF-1α gene sequence analysis. And the results of pathogenicity with 72 isolates on seedling triticale, 71 isolates were showed disease symptom. Also, seven out of 71 Fusarium isolates were inoculated on the wheat, to test the pathogenicity on the different host. The results showed more low pathogenicity on the wheat than triticale. The results of analysis of toxin type with 72 isolates, 64.6% isolates were produced nivalenol type toxin and other 4.6% and 30.8% isolates were produce 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, respectively. To select fungicide for control, the 72 Fusarium isolates were cultivated on the media that containing four kinds fungicide. The captan, hexaconazole, and difenoconazole·propiconazole treated Fusarium isolates were not showed resistance response against each fungicide. However, six isolates out of 72 isolates, showed resistance response to fludioxonil. This study is first report that F. asiaticum causes Fusarium head blight disease of triticale in Korea.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.633-640
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• 2022

Recently, kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) has been highlighted due to its rapid growth in dry, infertile land and its versatile applications in textiles, paper, feed, food, medicine, and phyto-remediation. In Korea, a new cultivar, 'Jangdae', which has the merit of feasible seed-gathering, was established in 2013. However, most of the kenaf seeds used are still imported, and a comparison study of useful bio-activities between Jangdae and imported seeds has not been conducted. In this study, anti-thrombosis, antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities of the ethanol extracts of the Jangdae seed (E-JS) and 8 imported cultivar seeds (E-ICS) were investigated. The E-JS has 14.4 mg/g of total polyphenol and 5.3 mg/g of total flavonoids, whereas the E-ICS has 5.9~8.7 mg/g and 0.7~1.5 mg/g, respectively. Among the 9 kenaf seed extracts, IT 181215 and IT 207877 seed extracts showed 1.92 and 1.88-folds extended thrombin time (TT), and IT 207886 seed extracts showed 3.04-folds extended activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). All extracts, except Hong-ma seed, showed 1.36~1.56-folds extended prothrombin time (PT). The E-JS showed strong anti-thrombosis activities with 1.46-folds (TT), 1.38-folds (PT) and 2.37-folds (aPTT) compared to those of solvent controls. The E-JS has the strongest antioxidant activities among the seed extracts, with 0.48 mg/ml of RC₅₀ for ABTS cation and 0.27 mg/ml of RC₅₀ for nitrite scavenging. Meanwhile, the E-JS and IT 181215 extracts showed strong inhibition against α-glucosidase with 10.3~10.6% inhibition at 0.5 mg/ml. Our results suggest the E-JS has potential as an anti-thrombosis, antioxidant and anti-diabetic agent.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.168-172
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the optimum supplementation ratio when replacing cotton seed meal with rapeseed meal for cultivating oyster mushrooms. The chemical properties among the treatments were pH 4.5~4.7, total carbon content was 46.3~46.5%, total nitrogen content was 1.6~1.7%, and carbon-nitrogen ratio was 27.0~27.8. These did not differ significantly from the control. Mycelial growth was 85.1 mm (Heuktari), and 72.8 mm (Suhan-1Ho) in medium containing 5% rapeseed meal, with no significant difference in mycelial density between cultivars. Fruiting body characteristics are as follows: In 'Heuktari', the color of the pileus was darker than control with an L value of 32.5, and pileus thickness and diameter were 3.2 mm and 27.6 mm, respectively. Stipe length and diameter were 86.0 mm and 9.1 mm, respectively. Valid stipe number per bottle (1,100 cc) was 25.9, and a yield of 189.7 g/1,100 cc was recorded in mixed medium containing 5% rapeseed meal (higher than control). In mixed medium containing 10% rapeseed meal, the yield was 184.5 g/1,100 cc (comparable to control). In 'Suhan-1Ho', supplemented with 5% rapeseed meal, pileus color was darker than control color, with an L value of 28.8. Pileus thickness was 4.5 mm. Stipe diameter was 12.3 mm (higher than control), and yield was 145.5 g/1,100 cc (comparable to control).