• 한국광물학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.94-103
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• 1988

YAG (Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) 레이저와 다이아몬드앤빌셀 (DAC)을 이용하여 페롭스카이트 구조물질중 $BaTiO_3$와 $PbTiO_3$에 대한 상(相)전이와 $MgSiO_3$와 $(Mg_{0.87},\;Fe_{0.13})SiO_3$ 성분(成分)의 사방휘석으로부터 규산염 페롭스카이트를 합성하였다. $BaTiO_3$와 $PbTiO_3$는 실온의 2.6 GPa와 4.0 GPa에서 각각 정방정계에서 등축정계로 상(相)전이하며 고온, 고압하에서 매우 넓은 안정영역을 갖고 있다. $MgSiO_3$ 엔스테타이트를 출발물질로 하였을 경우 약 33 GPa, $1,000^{\circ}C$의 조건하에서 페롭스카이트가 주성분인데, 일메나이트, 감마스피넬, 스티쇼마이트도 부성분으로 나타난다. $(Mg_{0.87},\;Fe_{0.13})SiO_3$의 경우는 약 35 GPa와 $1,000^{\circ}C$에서 페롭스카이트상(相)이 주성분으로 나타나며, 베타스피넬, 스티쇼바이트와 본래 엔스테타이트상(相)도 유지되나, 일메나이트상(相)과 감마스피넬은 나타나지 않는다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2019

Methylammonium lead triiodide ($MAPbI_3$)-based perovskite solar cells potentially have potential advantages such as high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing procedures. However, $MAPbI_3$ is structurally unstable and has low phase-change temperatures ($30^{\circ}C$ and $130^{\circ}C$); it is necessary to solve these problems. We investigated the crystal structure and phase separation using real-time temperature-change X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy. $MAPbI_3$ has a tetragonal structure, and at about $35^{\circ}C$ the c-axis contracts, transforming $MAPbI_3$ into the related cubic crystal structure. In addition, at $130^{\circ}C$, phase separation occurs in which $CH_3NH_2$ and HI at the center of the unit cell of the perovskite structure are extracted by gas, leavingand only $PbI_2$ of the three-component structure, is produced as the final solid product.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.344-347
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• 1985

Perovskite type oxides of $SrTiO_3,SrZrO_3,and\;SrTi_{1-x}Zr_xO_3$ have been systematically synthesized at $1250^{\circ}C$and $1550^{\circ}C$ with specimens containing additions of up to x=0.9 of zirconium by solid state reactions and characterized by X-ray diffraction. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the compound $SrTi_{1-x}Zr_xO_3$ has cubic structure. The lattice paramters of $SrTi_{1-x}Zr_xO_3$ solid solutions obey the Vegard's law and fairly large increase in volume can acompany the formation of this solution with increasing Zr content(X). Assuming the lattice constants of perovskite type compounds $A(B_{1-x}B'_x)O_3$where $B_{1-x}B'_x$ is $Ti_{1-x}Zr_x$, to be a linear function of the ionic radii of B and B' ions, the disordered ion pair of $Ti^{4+}$and $Zr^{4+}$ was verified from the lattice constants of a series compounds varying x=0,0.05, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.9, and 1.0 with known isovalent pairs.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.825-828
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• 2008

$Sr_xBa_{(1-x)}TiO_3$ red phosphors doped with Pr(0.13 mol%) and Al(O.23 mol%) were synthesized by solid state reaction method. Orthorhombic perovskite structure with increasing value of x in $Sr_xBa_{(1-x)}TiO_3$:Pr,Al phosphors changed to cubic perovskite structure. Emission bands at 615 nm and 492 nm in $Sr_{0.25}Ba_{0.75}TiO_3$:Pr,Al and $BaTiO_3$:Pr,Al phosphors were observed at room temperature. The main cause of green luminescence at 492 nm was explained by the change of the 4f5d band.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.743-754
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• 1996

In this study (Ba1-xPbx)TiO3 was synthesized by modified oxalate process in order to prevent vaporization of PbO through low temperature synthesis climinate Cl ion reproducibly substitute Pb for by and uniformly distribute ion (Ba1-xPbx)TiO3 was synthesized by coprecipitation of lead acetate barium acetate and ammonium titanyl oxalate have been used as starting materials. The substitution of Pb for Ba was reproducibly possible synthetic temperature of perovskite structure becomes lowed as the Pb concentration increases and fine partic-les (specific surface are :7.2 cm2/g) were obtained, BaTiO3 powders calcined at 90$0^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours were cubic from in XRD analysis and as Pb content was increases evident split of tetragonal peaks could be observed The optimum conditions to synthesize (Ba,Pb)TiO3 powder are the followings ; synthesis temperature (5$^{\circ}C$)

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.25-28
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• 1985

The new compound $(Ba_{0.5}La_{0.5}) (Mg_0.5}Mo_{0.5})O_3$ is synthesized under the $H_2$-atmosphere and reveals to have a cation ordering between Mg and Mo in cubic lattic of ordered perovskite (a0=8.009(2)$\AA$) and obeys Curie-Weiss law below the room temperature with the effective magnetic moment of 1.60(5) Bohr Magneton.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.785-791
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• 1994

$Sr_1-_xY_xMnO_3$ (x = 0.0∼1.0)을 citrate법으로 합성하고 조성에 따른 구조적 전기적 성질의 변화를 알아보았다. X-ray diffraction method에 의해 각 산화물의 구조를 결정한 결과, $Sr_1-_xY_xMnO_3$ (x = 0.0∼1.0) system은 조성에 따라 4L-hexagonal perovskite(x = 0.0∼0.3) 구조, rhombohedral perovskite(x = 0.3∼0.7)구조를 거쳐 hexagonal nonperovskite(x=0.7∼1.0) 구조까지 3가지의 다른 결정구조를 갖는 것으로 관찰되었다. 이러한 $Sr_1-_xY_xMnO_3$ system의 구조 변화는 yttrium 양이 증가함에 따라 cell parameter가 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 이는 $Mn^{4+}$ 대신 $Mn^{3+}$가 증가함에 따른 것으로 믿어진다. $SrMnO_3$의 $Sr^{2+}$ 자리에 $Y^{3+}$를 치환할수록 conductivity가 크게 증가하는 것이 관찰되었다. 4L-hexagonal구조를 갖는 $Sr_{0.9}Y_{0.1}MnO_3$와 pseudocubic perovskite 구조를 갖는 $Sr_{0.5}Y_{0.5}MnO_3$의 온도에 따른 전기저항 측정결과, $Sr_{0.9}Y_{0.1}MnO_3$에서 더 큰 energy gap을 갖는 것으로 관찰되었으며, 이 결과는 4L-hexagonal구조가 metal-metal 결합에 의해 안정화되어 있기 때문인 것으로 설명된다.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2022

We prepared a CsPbI₂Br solution using Cesium iodide (CsI), Lead (II) bromide (PbBr₂) and Lead (II) iodide (PbI₂) materials into a polar solvent mixture of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). A simple spin coating technique was used for the fabrication of CsPbI₂Br absorber layer in the solution process. In order to prepare uniform coating of absorber film we adopted a hot-air process in assocation with the spin coating. It was confirmed that the thin film manufactured by the hot-air process had a higher absorption rate than that without it, and the optical band gap was measured 1.93 eV. The thin film of absorber was uniformly prepared and revealed the Black α-Cubic crystal phase as proved through X-ray diffraction analysis. Finally, a perovskite solar cell having an n-i-p structure was manufactured with a CsPbI₂Br perovskite absorption layer. From the solar cell, we obtained a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.97% in a forward measurement.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.57-61
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• 1997

$Y_{0.8}Ta_{0.2}O_{1.7}$-MO(M=Ba, Sr, Ca 및 Mg) 계에서의 형석구조의 생성과 이와 관련된 구조에 관하여 연구하였다. BaO또는 SrO를 4mol% 첨가한 조성에서는 결함형석구조 이외에 입방정 perovskite형 규칙구조인 $Ba_{2}YTaO_{6}$ 및 $Sr_{2}YTaO_{6}$와 입방정 $Y_{2}O_{3}$가 관찰되었다. CaO를 첨가한 경우에는 8mol%이상을 첨가한 조성에서부터 단사정 $Ca_{2}YTaO_{6}$와 $Y_{2}O_{3}$의 2차상이 나타났다. MgO의 경우에는 12mol% MgO를 첨가한 조성까지는 형석구조의 단일상을 나타내어 MgO가 형석구조에 고용되는 것을 알수 있었으며, 16 mol%조성부터는 2차상으로 MgO가 관찰되었다. 그러므로 위의 계에서 형석구조의 생성은 $A_{2}$(B'B")$O_6$의 생성과 첨가된 양이온의 크기에 영향을 받는 것으로 생각된다.생각된다.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.49-52
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• 2009

Barium strontium calcium titanate powders were prepared with the sol-gel method. Ferroelectric $(Ba_{0.54}Sr_{0.36}Ca_{0.1})TiO_3$(BSCT) thick films were fabricated by the screen-printing method on alumina substrate. Then we investigated the structural and dielectric properties of the BSCT thick films at different sintering temperatures. The thermal analysis showed that the BSCT polycrystalline perovskite phase formed at around $660^{\circ}C$. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed a cubic perovskite structure with no second phase present in all of the BSCT thick films. The average grain size and the thickness of the specimens sintered at $1450^{\circ}C$ were about $1.6{\mu}m$ and $45{\mu}m$, respectively. The relative dielectric constant increased and the dielectric loss decreased as the sintering temperature was increased; for BSCT thick films sintered at $1450^{\circ}C$ the values of the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss were 5641 and 0.4%, respectively, at 1 kHz.