• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.14-26
• /
• 2014

Copper is an important component from coin metal to electronic wire, integrated circuit, and to lithium battery. Copper oxides, mainly including $Cu_2O$ and CuO, are important semiconductors for the wide applications in solar cell, catalysis, lithium-ion battery, and sensor. Due to their low cost, low toxicity, and easy synthesis, copper oxides have received much research interest in recent year. Herein, we review the crystallization of copper oxides by designing various chemical reaction routes, for example, the synthesis of $Cu_2O$ by reduction route, the oxidation of copper to $Cu_2O$ or CuO, the chemical transformation of $Cu_2O$ to CuO, the chemical precipitation of CuO. In the designed reaction system, ligands, pH, inorganic ions, temperature were used to control both chemical reactions and the crystallization processes, which finally determined the phases, morphologies and sizes of copper oxides. Furthermore, copper oxides with different structures as electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries were also reviewed. This review presents a simple route to study the reaction-crystallization-performance relationship of Cu-based materials, which can be extended to other inorganic oxides.

• 한국분말재료학회지
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.370-375
• /
• 2022

Cu-doped ZnSe quantum dots were successfully synthesized in an aqueous solution using an internal doping method. The effects of ligand type, CuSe synthesis temperature, and heating time on Cu-doped ZnSe synthesis were systematically investigated. Of MPA, GSH, TGA, and NAC used as ligands, MPA was the optimal ligand as determined by PL spectrum analysis. In addition, the emission wavelength was found to depend on the synthesis temperature of the internal doping core of CuSe. As the temperature increased, the doping of Cu²⁺ was enhanced, and the emission wavelength band was redshifted; accordingly, the emission peaks moved from blue to green (up to 550 nm). Thus, the synthesis of Cu:ZnSe using internal doping in aqueous solutions is a potential method for ecomanufacturing of color-tuned ZnSe quantum dots for display applications.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제34권11호
• /
• pp.3233-3238
• /
• 2013

Two new Cu(II) complexes, $[Cu_2(acpy-mdtc)_2(HBA)(ClO_4)]{\cdot}H_2O$ (1) (acpy-mdtc- = 2-acetylpyridine S-methyldithiocarbamate and $HBA^-$ = benzilic acid anion) and $[Cu_2(acpy-phtsc)_2(HBA)]{\cdot}ClO_4$ (2) (acpy-$phtsc^-$ = 2-acetylpyridine 4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazate) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The X-ray analysis reveals that the structures of 1 and 2 are dinuclear copper(II) complexes bridged by two thiolate sulfur atoms of Schiff base ligand and bidentate bridging $HBA^-$ anion. For 1, each of the two copper atoms has different coordination environments. Cu1 adopts a five-coordinate square-pyramidal with a $N_2OS_2$ donor, while Cu2 exhibits a distorted octahedral geometry in a $N_2O_2S_2$ manner. For 2, two Cu(II) ions all have a five-coordinate square-pyramidal with a $N_2OS_2$ donor. In each complex, the Schiff base ligand is coordinated to copper ions as a tridentate thiol mode.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.1704-1710
• /
• 2010

The structure of a 2D grid-like copper(II) complex [Cu$(NCO)_2$(pyz)](pyz=pyrazine) (1) consists of 1D chains of Cu-pyz units connected by double end-on (EO) cyanato bridges. Each Cu(II) ion has a distorted octahedral coordination, completed by the four EO cyanato and two pyrazine ligands. Magnetic interactions through EO cyanato and pyrazine bridges in 1 are discussed on the basis of DFT broken-symmetry calculations at the B3LYP level. For model dicopper(II) complexes I (bridged by cyanato) and II (bridged by pyrazine), electronic structure calculations reproduce very well the experimental couplings for the S = 1/2 ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange-coupled 2D system: the calculated exchange parameters J are +1.25 $cm^{-1}$ and -3.07 $cm^{-1}$ for I and II, respectively. The $\sigma$ orbital interactions between the Cu $x^2-y^2$ magnetic orbitals and the nitrogen lone-pair orbitals of pyrazine are analyzed from the viewpoint of through-bond interaction. The energy splitting of 0.106 eV between two SOMOs indicates that the superexchange interaction should be antiferromagnetic in II. On the other hand, there are no bridging orbitals that efficiently connect the two copper(II) magnetic orbitals in I because the HOMOs of the basal-apical NCO bridge do not play a role in the formation of overlap interaction pathway. The energy separation in the pair of SOMOs of I is calculated to be very small (0.054 eV). This result is consistent with the occurrence of weakly ferromagnetic properties in I.

• Nano
• /
• 제13권10호
• /
• pp.1850114.1-1850114.7
• /
• 2018

Here we report an optimized hot-injection method and a phase transfer strategy for the synthesis of water-soluble $CuInS_2$ QDs with desired properties. The structure and morphology studies demonstrate that the resulting QDs are $CuInS_2$ tetragonal phase with well-defined facets. It is also found that the crystal size gradually increases with the increase of reaction temperature, while the surface of QDs with pre- and post-phase transfer is functionalized with hydrophobic and hydrophilic ligands, respectively. Spectroscopy measurements reveal the size-dependent optical properties of $CuInS_2$ QDs, demonstrating the quantum confinement effect in this system.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.637-645
• /
• 1985

천연수중에 들어간 구리 및 카드뮴이 천연수중의 각종물질들과 상호작용하여 어떤 화학종으로 존재하게 될 것인가를 예측하기 위하여 금속과의 착화반응에 관한 자료가 아직까지 잘 알려져 있지 않은 천연유기물과 구리 및 카드뮴간의 착화물의 안정도 상수를 측정하였다. 이온 선택성 전극을 사용하여 pH6에서 전위차 적정법으로 구한 천연유기물과 구리 및 카드뮴 간의 착화물의 안정도 상수는 각각 log $K'_{CuL} = 5.80,\;log K'_{CdL}=3.82$였다. 이 값을 MINEQL 컴퓨터 프로그램의 자료에 새로이 넣고 모델 하천수에 대하여 전연유기물의 존재를 고려했을 때와 고려하지 않았을 때의 구리 및 카드뮴의 화학종을 계산하여 비교 검토해 보았다. 천연유기물이 $10^{-6}M$ 정도만 있어도 구리와 착화물을 형성하였으며 카드뮴의 경우는 천연유기물이 $10^{-5}M$ 정도 있으면 착화물을 형성 함으로서 천연유기물이 금속들의 화학종 분포에 상당히 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 2005

In the present study, we investigated the tolerance of Commelina communis to growth in Cu-contaminated soil and water We examined the germination rate, root and shoot growth of seedlings, fresh biomass in soil and water, and ability to eliminate Cu. We found that C. communis eliminated 41% of Cu in soil containing 50 mg Cu/kg and removed over 50% of Cu from water containing 100 mg Cu/L Cu. In addition, the plants could accumulate 90 mg Cu/g when grown in soil containing 50 mg Cu/kg and 140 mg Cu/g when grown in soil containing 100 mg Cu/kg thus higher levels of Cu removal were observed in soils containing higher Cu concentrations. In water, the maximal accumulation rate was 4.9 mg Cu/g root and 1.2 mg Cu/g shoot in water containing 20 mg Cu/L, and 7 days after exposure, Cu absorption saturated. Further, the growth rate of C. communis was not affected by up to 100 mg Cu/kg in the soil. Therefore, the phytotoxic effect of Cu on plants increased as the concentration of Cu was raised, although to different extents depending on whether the Cu was in soil or water. Overall, Cu removal from soil by C. communis was most effective at 100 mg Cu/kg in soil and 10 mg Cu/L in water. Finally, we identified two peaks of Cu-binding ligands in C. communis. Which is a high molecular weight peak (HMWL) at 60 kDa (Fraction 17 to 25) and a Cu binding peptide peak at <1 kDa (Very low molecular weight ligand: VLMWL). Cu-binding peptide (Cu-BP) was observed to have an amino acid composition typical of phytochelations.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제47권6호
• /
• pp.569-577
• /
• 2003

피리딘과 페놀을 포함하는 N2O계 세 자리 리간드 2-[(2-pyridine-2- ethylamino)-methyl]-phenol(H-PEMP)를 합성하였다. 또한 H-PEMP 페놀의 5-위치에 치환기로 브롬, 염소 및 메톡시를 가지는 Br-PEMP, Cl-PEMP 및 $CH_3O-PEMP$를, 그리고 2-hydroxy-1-naphthalene기를 가진 Naph-PEMP을 합성하였다. 합성된 각 리간드들을 수용액에서 전위차 적정 결과 양성자 해리는 3 단계로 일어났으며, 계산된 각 리간드의 총괄 양성자 해리상수(log${\beta}$) 값은 $CH_3O-PEMP$〉Naph-PEMP〉H-PEMP〉Br-PEMP〉Cl-PEMP의 순서로 Hammett식의 치환기 상수(${\sigma}_p$) 값 크기 순서와 일치하였다. 전이금속 이온들의 착물 안정도상수(logML 및 log$ML_2$) 값의 크기는 금속이온에 따라 Co(II)< Ni(II)< Cu(II)>Zn(II)의 순서이었고, 치환기에 따른 각 리간드의 착물 안정도상수 값은 리간드의 총괄 양성자 해리상수 값의 크기순서와 일치하였다.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제55권1호
• /
• pp.28-37
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 Benzanthrone 치환체인 3-N-2-hydroxy ethylamine benzanthrone (HEAB)와 3-N-2-amino ethylamine benzanthrone (AEAB)의 Cu(II), Co(II) 및 Ni(II) 염화물 착물에 대한 분광학 (IR, UV-vis 및 $^1H$-NMR), 원소분석, 몰전도도, 열무게분석 (TGA/DTG) 및 생물학적 특성에 대해 고찰하였다. 이 연구의 결과에서 HEAB리간드가 히드록소 및 아미노기를 통하여 각 금속에 배위되어 [Cu(HEAB)$(Cl)_2$].$2H_2O$, [Co(HEAB)$(Cl)_2(H_2O)_2$].$8H_2O$ 및 [Ni(HEAB)$(Cl)_2(H_2O)_2$].$7H_2O$ 착물을 형성함을 알았다. 한편, AEAB는 [Cu(HEAB)$(Cl)_2$].$2H_2O$, [Co(HEAB)$(Cl)_2(H_2O)_2$].$8H_2O$ 및 [Ni(HEAB)$(Cl)_2(H_2O)_2$].$7H_2O$의 분자식을 갖는 팔면체 배위구조를 갖는다. $25^{\circ}C$ DMF에서 모든 착물의 몰전기전도도는 반응안한 리간드보다 약간 컸는데, 이는 염화 이온이 배위권 내부에 존재함을 의미한다. Benzanthrone계 리간드와 이들 착물을 이용하여 서로 다른 종류의 박테리아에 대한 생물활성을 조사하였다.

• Plant Resources
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.163-169
• /
• 2004

To investigate the defense mechanism against the abiotic stress, a cDNA clone encoding a CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) protein was isolated from a cDNA library prepared from tabroot mRNAs of Codonopsis lanceolata. The eDNA, designated ClSODCc, is 799 nucleotides long and has an open reading frame of 459 bp with a deduced amino acid sequence of 152 residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of ClSODCc matched to the previously reported CuZnSODs. Consensus amino acid residues (His-45, -47, -62, -70, -79, -119 and Asp-82) were involved in Cu-, Cu/Zn-, and Zn- binding ligands. The deduced amino acid sequence of ClSODCc showed high homologies (82％-86％) regardless of species. Expression of ClSODCc by oxidative stress was increased up to 1 h after treatment and declined gradually. Much earlier and stronger expression of ClSODCc was observed in the cold stress treatment.