• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.121-132
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• 2004

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a breast feeding program for mothers of premature infants. The program was applied and its effect was evaluated on stress, knowledge and breastfeeding behaviors of premature infant mothers. Method: This study employed a one group pre- and post-test quasi-experimental design. The data were collected from 17 participants from August 15 to October 24, 2004, at a N1CU at D University Medical Center located in Susan, Korea. Data were analyzed by means of frequency, SD, and t-test using SPSS version 10. Result: After the program, participants significantly showed a greater level of knowledge than before the program (t=-5.750, p=.000). No statistically significant differences in stress level scores were found (t=1.453, p=.153). The breastfeeding practice rate was 94.1%: Conclusion: This educational program using a handbook and video had a positive effect on increasing knowledge and practice of breastfeeding among premature infant mothers. It is suggested that this study be replicated with a larger sample size to compare group responses.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.800-806
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• 2012

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by oxidative stresses which cause various chronic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer) has been reported to contain various biological activities such as anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, radioprotective, anti-amnestic and anti-aging effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of Panax ginseng, treated with high temperatures and high pressures, on oxidative stress in C2C12 myoblasts and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Oxidative stress was induced in the C2C12 cells through the introduction of $H_2O_2$ (1 mM), and cells were then treated with various ginseng preparations: dried white ginseng (DG), steamed ginseng (SG) and high temperature and high pressure treated ginseng (HG). In addition, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with various ginsengs for up to 8 days following standard induction of differentiation. Our results show that HG treatment significantly protected oxidative stress in both cell lines and enhanced gene expression of antioxidant enzymes. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the protective effects of ginseng on the oxidative stress of adipocytes and muscle cells.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.331-336
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• 2000

In order to examine the effect of SO$_2$, which is the major component of acid rain, on the peroxidase activity, rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings were grown on the media containing various concentrations of Na$_2$SO$_3$. Na$_2$SO$_3$ concentrations needed for the 50% inhibition of rice seed germination were determined to be 300$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml at pH 7, 8$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml at pH 5 and 2$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml at pH 3. Notably, about 8 fold and 4 fold increase of the specific activity of the enzyme were observed with the seedlings treated with 8$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml Na$_2$SO$_3$ at pH 5 and 2$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml Na$_2$SO$_3$ at pH 3, respectively. The effects of Cd and Pb on the peroxidase activities and chlorophyll contents were also examined. About 3.9 fold higher peroxidase activities were found at 0.03mM Cd, and the chlorophyll contents were reduced to 63% of the control seedlings. At 0.04mM Pb, 2.5 fold higher enzyme activities were found and the chlorophyll contents were reduced to 72%. Therefore, the increases of rice peroxidase activities might be involved in the defense mechanism of the cell against various environmental stresses such as Na$_2$SO$_3$, Cd and Pb. The effects of Cu and Fe, which are the inducers of oxidative stresses by the generations of reactive oxygen species, on the peroxidase activities were also investigated. About 57% and 65% activity losses were found at 0.5mM CuSO$_4$ and 0.5mM FeSO$_4$, respectively, and radical scavenger ethanol almost completely protected both inactivations. However, dimethyl sulfoxide, mannitol, thiourea and histidine showed different radical scavenging effects one another against Cu and Fe inactivation.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.157-165
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• 2006

Expression of major antioxidant enzyme (AOE) including Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and 3 glutathione peroxidase isotypes (GPXs) at mRNA levels during heat stress was examined in mud loach (Misgurnus mizolepis) liver. Based on the semi-quantitative RT-PCR, real-time RT-PCR and/or northern dot blot hybridization, the antioxidant enzyme genes were generally up-regulated during elevation of water temperature from $23^{\circ}C$ up to $32^{\circ}C$. GPXs and SOD displayed the most significant elevation of mRNA levels (up to 3 and 2 folds, respectively) while CAT showed the steady-state expression irrespective of thermal conditions. GST represented the relatively moderate response (1.3-fold increase) in its transcription to thermal stress. The transcriptional activation of AOE genes was not significant at the treatment temperature lower than $29^{\circ}C$. Increased mRNA levels of GPX (extracellular form) and SOD genes in the fish exposed to $32^{\circ}C$ was readily detectable 1 day after exposure to heat stress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1215-1219
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• 2001

The present study was conducted to investigate effect of powdered herb of Aster scaber Thunb. (chamchwi) on antioxidant system in ethanol-administrated rats. Four week-old Sprague Dawley male rats which had initial body weights of 97.10$\pm$4.50 g were randomly divided into three groups: control (ethanol treated, vitamin E-deficient group); 5% chamchwi (ethanol-treated, 5% chamchwi powder-supplemented group): 10% chamchwi (ethanol-treated, 10% chamchwi powder-suplemented group). Three groups of rats were suplemented with three experimental diets for 4 weeks and orally administrated 10% ethanol (v/v) daily via drinking water in the last experimental week. Contents of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance). glutathione in liver and kidney and serum albumin were determined. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) in liver and kidney were also analyzed. Relative weight of liver and spleen to body in chamchwi groups was lower than that in control group (p<0.05). The most remarkable result was that liver TBARS contents in chamchwi groups (5% chamchwi group, 46 $\mu\textrm{g}$ in MDA value; 10% chamchwi group, 35 $\mu\textrm{g}$) were significantly lower (p<0.05) than that in control group (66 $\mu\textrm{g}$). The supplement of chamchwi powder lowered the activity of manganese- superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), catalase in liver and GSH-px in kidney. The levels of glutathione in liver and kidney and serum albumin were not significantly different in all experimental groups (p<0.05). These results indicate that powdered herb of Aster scaber decreases lipid peroxidation and acitvity of Mn-SOD increased by alcohol-induced oxidative stress in liver of rats.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.300.1-300.1
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• 2014

유기물 박막에 나노입자가 분포되어 있는 나노복합체를 이용한 전자 소자는 낮은 소비 전력, 낮은 공정 가격, 그리고 높은 기계적 휘어짐이 가능하기에 차세대 전자 소자로 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 친환경 소자를 지향하는 현대 기술에서 환경 친화적 코어-쉘 구조의 나노입자를 이용한 나노복합체는 차세대 전자 소자 중 비휘발성 메모리 소자 연구에서 뛰어난 소자 성능을 보여주고 있어 큰 관심을 받고 있으나 코어-쉘 나노입자를 이용한 비휘발성 메모리 소자의 쉘의 유무에 따른 전도도 특성 및 전하수송 메커니즘 연구는 아직 미미한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는, indium-tin-oxide가 코팅된 polyethylene terephthalate 기판 위에 CuInS2 (CIS)-ZnS 친환경 코어-쉘 나노입자가 poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) 안에 분산된 박막을 이용한 비휘발성 메모리 소자를 제작하여 ZnS 쉘이 전기적 전도도에 미치는 영향을 관찰 하였다. CIS-ZnS 코어-쉘 나노입자에서 ZnS 쉘이 없어도 메모리 소자의 전류-전압 특성에서는 높은 전도도 (ON)와 낮은 전도도 (OFF) 상태가 존재하는 전류 쌍안정성 동작을 보이지만, ZnS 쉘의 유무에 따라 ON/OFF 비율 차이를 보여 전도도 특성이 다름을 관측 하였다. 반복된 전계적 스트레스에 의한 전도도 상태 유지 능력 측정을 수행하여 ZnS 쉘의 유무에 따른 소자의 전도도 안정성 능력을 관측하였다. 측정된 전기적 특성을 기반으로 PMMA 박막 안에 분산된 CIS-ZnS 코어-쉘 나노입자를 이용한 비휘발성 메모리 소자에서 ZnS 쉘의 따른 전도도 특성 및 전하수송 메커니즘 특성을 설명하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.456.2-456.2
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• 2014

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) 화합물은 태양광을 흡수하기에 가장 이상적인 약 1.04 eV의 에너지 금지대 폭과 높은 광흡수계수를 가지고 있으며, $450{\sim}590^{\circ}C$의 고온 공정에도 매우 안정하여 열 경화현상을 거의 보이지 않으므로 박막 태양전지로서 커다란 응용 잠재력을 갖고 있는 광흡수층 재료이다. CIGS 화합물 박막 태양전지의 효율은 연구실에서는 ~20%의 높은 효율을 보고하고 있으며, 모듈급에서도 ~13%의 효율을 보이고 있다. 그러나 CIGS 박막 태양전지를 대면적 또는 양산화에 적용하기 위해서는 20년 이상의 장기적인 수명을 보장할 수 있는 내구성을 갖추어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 CIGS 모듈의 장기적인 신뢰성을 평가하기 위해 CIGS PV 모듈을 대상으로 IEC-61646 규격을 이용하여 고온고습 시험 ($85^{\circ}C$/85% RH, 1000 h) 과 열충격 시험 ($-40^{\circ}C/140^{\circ}C$, 1000 cycles) 이 수행되었고, 두 종류의 가속 스트레스 시험 후에 모듈의 성능 저하에 영향을 미치는 요인들이 연구되었다. 또한, 모듈의 효율 저하의 원인을 규명하기 위해 투명전극 Al-doped ZnO (AZO)와 광흡수층 CIGS를 대상으로 고장분석을 수행하였다. AZO층과 CIGS층의 전기적 특성 분석, 결장상 분석 및 XPS 분석들을 종합하여 CIGS PV 모듈의 성능저하의 원인을 규명하였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.218-222
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• 2002

Lycii Cordex Radicis extract (gigolpi) examined through SOS Chromotest showed a strong, dose-dependent antimutagenic effect on the tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) induced mutagenecity. Gigolpi revealed considerable superoxide anion radical scavenging activity under L-ascorbic $acid-CuSO_4$ system, but showed lower hydroxyl radical scavenging activity in photochemical test system. Hot-water gigolpi extract delayed protein oxidation, whereas lipid peroxidation of rat skin exposed to UVB radiation was inhibited. The results indicate that gigolpi possessing antioxidant activity against UVB-induced lipid peroxidation could be used as a raw ingredient for manufacturing functional cosmetics

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.299-305
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• 2007

Oxidative stress is a major damaging factor for plants exposed to environmental stresses. Previously, we have generated transgenic potato (cv. Superior) plants expressing both CuZnSOD and APX genes in chloroplast under the control of an oxidative stress-inducible SWPA2 promoter (referred to as SSA plants) and selected the transgenic potato plant lines with tolerance against methyl viologen (MV)-mediated oxidative stress. When leaf discs of SSA plants were subjected to $3{\mu}M$ methyl viologen (MV), they showed approximately 40% less damage than non-transgenic (NT) plants. SSA plantlets were treated with $0.3{\mu}M$ MV stress, SSA plants also exhibited reduced damage in root growth. When 350 MV was sprayed onto the whole plants, SSA plants showed a significant reduction in visible damage, which was approximately 75% less damage than leaves of NT plants. These plants will be used for further analysis of tolerance to environmental stresses, such as high temperature and salt stress. These results suggest that transgenic potato (cv. Superior) plants would be a useful plant crop for commercial cultivation under unfavorable growth conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.331-337
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• 2015

Citrus and its peels, which are by-products from juice and/or jam processing, have long been used in Asian folk medicine. Citrus peels show an abundant variety of flavanones, and these flavanones have glycone and aglycone forms. Aglycones are more potent than glycones with a variety of physiological functions since aglycone absorption is more efficient than glycones. Bioconversion with cytolase converted narirutin and naringin into naringenin and hesperidin into hesperetin. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of bioconversion of Citrus unshiu (CU) peel extracts with cytolase (CU-C) in RAW264.7 cells. HPLC chromatograms showed that CU and CU-C had 23.42% and 29.39% total flavonoids, respectively. There was substantial bioconversion of narirutin to naringenin and of hesperidin to hesperetin. All citrus peel extracts showed DPPH scavenging activities in a dose-dependent manner, and CU-C was more potent than intact CU. RAW264.7 cells were pre-treated with $0{\sim}500{\mu}g/mL$ of citrus peel extracts for 4 h and then stimulated by $1{\mu}g/mL$ of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 8 h. All citrus peel extracts showed decreased mRNA levels and protein expression of LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in a dose-dependent manner. Especially, CU-C markedly inhibited mRNA and protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 compared to intact citrus peel extracts. All citrus peel extracts showed decreased NO production by iNOS activity. This result suggests that bioconversion of citrus peel extracts with cytolase may provide potent functional food materials for prevention of chronic diseases attributable to oxidation and inflammation by boosting the anti-inflammatory effects of citrus peels.