• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.58 no.4
• /
• pp.206-213
• /
• 2021

Recently, although the size of the LNG Cargo Containment System (CCS) has been increasing, the secondary barrier is reported to remain unchanged, and the conventional Flexible Secondary Barrier (FSB) used in Mark-III type has been pointed out to be vulnerable to failure owing to thermal and cyclic loads. In this respect, a tensile test was carried out to verify the reinforcing effect of FSB using aramid fiber on weft compared to the conventional FSB. In order to consider the LNG leakage situation, a series of tensile tests were conducted from ambient to cryogenic temperature, and mechanical properties were evaluated for each fiber direction on account of anisotropy. Tensile behavior and fracture analyses were performed to confirm the mechanical properties of each material according to temperature. Tensile test results proved that replacing the aramid fiber instead of E-glass fiber used on weft is effective in enhancing the mechanical properties.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.57 no.3
• /
• pp.168-174
• /
• 2020

Recently, the size of Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) carriers has been increasing, in turn increasing the load generated during operation. To handle this load, the thickness of LNG Cargo Containment Systems (CCSs) should be increased. Despite increasing the thickness of LNG CCSs, a secondary barrier is still used in conventional thickness. Therefore, the mechanical performance of the existing secondary barrier should be verified. In this study, tensile test of the secondary barrier was performed to evaluate mechanical properties under several low- and cryogenic-temperature conditions considering LNG environment, and in each fiber direction considering that the secondary barrier is composed of anisotropic composite materials depending on the glass fibers. Additionally, the coefficient of thermal expansion was measured by considering the degradation of the mechanical properties of the secondary barrier caused by the generated thermal stress during periodical unloading. As a result, the mechanical performance of secondary barrier in the Machine Direction (MD) was generally found to be superior than that in the Transverse Direction (TD) owing to the warp interlock structure of the glass fibers.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.21-25
• /
• 2013

Aluminum alloy, Al5083-O, is one of candidate materials for the LNG storage tank, because of its excellent weldability, cryogenic characteristics, and corrosion resistance. The good weldability of Al5083-O is very important in LNG storage tank manufacturing. In this study, high current metal inert gas(MIG) welding process was used to get one pass welding of thick plate aluminum alloy. Bead on plate(BOP) welding was performed to evaluate the effect of welding conditions on the height of bead and depth of penetration. The optimum welding conditions were derived to get one pass welding of the thickness of 14.5mm. The mechanical properties of the welded joint were evaluated. The cross-sectional macro test, tensile test, and bending test satisfied the class rule.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.21 no.1 s.73
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2006

Flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polyolefinic mixed waste plastics/filler composites were investigated by using inorganic flame retardant(magnesium hydroxide) and PUB(polyurethane block) powder generated from cryogenic insulation process. All composites were obtained by extrusion and after compression molding. The effect of PUB powder on the properties of the composites was studied by tensile and izod impact test, morphology studies and flammability as LOI and UL94 vertical burning test and smoke density. The objective of this work is to obtain good mechanical properties from recycled PP composites with $Mg(OH)_{2}/PUB$ powder as fillers and optimum cost-performance balance, in addition to flame retardant characteristics.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.498-509
• /
• 2009

Present study is concerned with the simulation of plasticity models for the cyclic stressstrain behavior of aluminum alloy AC4C-T6 that can be used for primary materials of LNG cargo pump. Material model of cyclic hardening and plasticity for aluminum alloy AC4C-T6 was investigated through experiments and numerical simulations. Monotonic tensile and cyclic tension-compression test under symmetric load cycles was performed at both room temperature and cryogenic temperature of $-165^{\circ}C$. Based on the experimental data plastic hardening models were evaluated for isotropic/kinematic/combined hardening. FEA (Finite Element Analysis) models which describe the cyclic stress-strain relationship were evaluated for the simulation of plasticity. An appropriate hardening model is proposed comparing the results of FEA with those of experiments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
• /
• 2009.11a
• /
• pp.619-622
• /
• 2009

INCONEL 718합금은 상온, 고온 및 저온환경에서 기계적 특성이 아주 우수하다. 상온에서의 모재 강도는 약 900MPa이며, 열처리 후 시효경화처리에 의해 강도가 약 1300MPa까지 증가한다. 이러한 INCONEL 718합금의 기계적 특성은 시험결과에서도 유사한 값을 나타내었고, GTAW 용접부의 상온 기계적 특성도 모재보다 우수한 강도를 나타내었다. 또한 저온에서의 기계적 특성은 모든 시험조건에서 상온보다 높은 강도를 나타내었으며, 열처리 모재시편과 용접시편은 1400MPa에 달하는 고강도를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 INCONEL 718합금의 저온 기계적 특성이 우수한 것을 증명하였고, 용접성 또한 모재의 특성과 같이 상온 및 저온 특성이 우수한 것을 알 수 있었다. INCONEL 718 합금과 STS 316L의 이종접합의 경우에도 $-100^{\circ}C$환경의 인장강도가 상온보다 300MPa 이상 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, INCONEL 718합금은 $100^{\circ}C$이하부터 일정온도까지는 기계적 특성이 계속 증가 할 것으로 사료되며, 극저온 고압 상태로 공급되는 산화제 배관 제작에 적합한 소재로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.189-199
• /
• 2011

Austenite stainless steel(ASS), aluminum alloy and nickel steel alloy are the most widely used in many cryogenic applications due to superior mechanical properties at low temperature. The Face-Centered Cubic(FCC) and Hexagonal Close-Packed(HCP) materials are used for the primary and secondary insulation barrier of Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG) carrier tank and various kinds of LNG applications currently. In this study, tensile tests of ASS, aluminum alloy and nickel steel alloy were carried out for the acquisition of quantitative mechanical properties under the cryogenic environment. The range of thermal condition was room temperature to $-163^{\circ}C$ and strain rate range was 0.00016/s to 0.01/s considering the dependencies of temperatures and strain rates. The comprehensive test data were analyzed in terms of the characteristics of mechanical behavior for the development of constitutive equation and its application.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.217-231
• /
• 2022

Reinforced polyurethane foam (R-PUF), a material for liquefied natural gas cargo containment systems, is expected to have different mechanical properties depending on its stacking position of foaming as the glass fiber reinforcement of R-PUF sinks inside R-PUF under the influence of gravity. In addition, since R-PUF is not a homogeneous material, it is also expected that the coordinate direction within this material has a great correlation with the mechanical properties. So, this study was conducted to confirm this correlation with the one between the mechanical properties and the stacking position. In particular, in this study, R-PUF of 3 different densities (130, 170, and 210 kg/m³) was used, and tensile, compression, and shear tests of this material were performed under 5 temperatures. As a result of the tests, it was confirmed that the strength and modulus of elasticity of the material increased as the temperature decreased. Specifically, the strength and modulus of elasticity in the Z direction, which was the lamination direction, tended to be lower than those in the other directions. Finally, the strength and elastic modulus of different specimens of the material found at the bottom of their lamination compared to the specimens with these properties found at positions other than their lamination bottom were evaluated. Further analysis confirmed that as the temperature decreased, hardening of R-PUF occurred, indicating that the strength and modulus of elasticity increased. On the other hand, as the density of R-PUF increased, a sharp increase in strength and elastic modulus of R-PUF was observed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.429-435
• /
• 2016

Cold stretching(CS) pressure vessels from ASS304 (austenitic stainless steel 304) are used for the transportation and storage of liquefied natural gas(LNG). CS pressure vessels are manufactured by pressurizing the finished vessels to a specific pressure to produce the required stress ${\sigma}_k$. After CS, there is some degree of plastic deformation. Therefore, CS vessels have a higher strength and lighter weight compared to conventional vessels. In this study, we investigate the tensile and fatigue behavior of ASS304 sampled by CS pressure vessels in accordance with the ASME code at cryogenic temperature. From the fatigue test results, we show S-N curves using a statistical method recommended by JSEM-S002. We carried out the fractography of fractured specimens using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.23-26
• /
• 2006

For mechanical and electrical stability and environment protection. Cu and stainless steel stabilizers are laminated to a Ag layer to produce a composite neutral-axis(N-A) architecture in which the YBCO layer is centered between the oxide buffered metallic substrate and stabilizer strip lamination. This architecture allows the wire to meet operational requirements including stresses at cryogenic temperature. winding tensions as well as mechanical bending requirements including thermal and electrical stability under fault current conditions. We have experimentally studied mechanical properties of the laminated stainless steel and Cu stabilizers on YBCO coated conductors. We have laminated YBCO coated conductors by continuous dipping soldering process. We have investigated lamination interface between solder and stabilizer of the YBCO coated conductor. We evaluated bonding properties. tensile / shear bonding strength. and peeling strength laminated YBCO coated conductors.