• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.115-118
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• 2003

This research aims to measure mechanical tensile properties of CFRP composites for cryogenic tank material. Through the cryogenic chamber, tensile tests are peformed under cryogenic temperature for graphite/epoxy fabric specimen aged at $-150^{\circ}C$ for 30hrs with load and graphite/epoxy unidirectional specimen 3-cycled from RT to $-100^{\circ}C$ with load. For graphite/epoxy fabric specimen, tensile modulus showed to increase after aging at cryogenic temperature(CT) while to decrease after aging at room temperature(RT) and tensile strength is more decreased after CT-aged than at RT-aged. For graphite/epoxy unidirectional specimen, tensile modulus was almost not changed after 3-cycling but strength showed the trend of decrease as increase the number of cycling.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2011

To develop a 6061 aluminum alloy with low residual stress and high tensile strength, a cryogenic treatment process was investigated. Compared to the conventional heat treatment process for precipitation hardening with artificial aging, the cryogenic treatment process has two additional steps. The first step is cryogenic quenching of the sample into liquid nitrogen, the second step is up-hill quenching of the sample into boiling water. The residual stress for the sample was measured by the $sin^2{\psi}$ method with X-ray diffraction. The 6061 aluminum alloy sample showed 67% relief in stress at the cryogenic treatment process with artificial aging at $175^{\circ}C$. From this study, it was found that the optimum cryogenic treatment process for a sample with low residual stress and high tensile strength is relatively low cooling speed in the cryogenic quenching step and a very high heating speed in the up-hill quenching step.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.70-74
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• 2023

The Small Punch Test (SPT) was developed to evaluate the softening and embrittlement of materials such as power plants and nuclear fusion reactors by taking samples in the field. Specimens used in the SPT are very thin and small disk-shaped compared to specimens for general tensile test, and thus have economic advantages in terms of miniaturization and repeatability of the test. The cryogenic SPT can also be miniaturized and has a significantly lower heat capacity than conventional universal test machines. This leads to reduced cooling and warm-up times. In this study, the cryogenic SPT was developed by modifying the existing room temperature SPT to be cooled by liquid nitrogen using a super bellows and a thermal insulation structure. Since the cryogenic SPT was first developed, basic experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness of it. For the validation, aluminum alloy 6061- T6 specimens were tested for mechanical properties at room and cryogenic temperature. The results of the corrected tensile properties from the SPT experiment results were compared with known room temperature and cryogenic properties. Based on the correction results, the effectiveness of the cryogenic SPT test was confirmed, and the surface fracture characteristics of the material were analyzed using a 3d image scanner. In the future, we plan to conduct property evaluation according to the development of various alloy materials.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.692-698
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• 2009

Inconel 718 alloy has excellent mechanical properties at room temperature, high temperature and cryogenic conditions. UTS of base metal is about 900MPa at room temperature; this is increased up to 1300MPa after heat treatment & aging-hardening. Mechanical properties of Inconel 718 Alloy were similar to those shown in the the results for tensile test; mechanical properties of Inconel 718 alloy's GTAW were similar to those of base metal's properties at room temperature. Mechanical properties at cryogenic conditions were better than those at room temperature. Heat-treated Inconel 718, non- filler metal GTAW on Inconel 718 and GTAW used filler metal on Inconel 718's UTS was 1400MPa at cryogenic condition. As a result, the excellent mechanical properties of Inconel 718 alloy under cryogenic conditions was proved through tensile tests under cryogenic conditions. In addition, weldability of Inconel 718 alloy under cryogenic conditions was superior to that of its base-metal. In this case, UTS of hybrid joint (IS-G) at -100$^{\circ}C$ was 900MPa. Consequently, UTS of Inconel 718 alloy is estimated to increase from -100$^{\circ}C$ to a specific temperature below -100$^{\circ}C$. Therefore, Inconel 718 alloy is considered a pertinent material for the production of Lox Pipe under cryogenic conditions.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2013

Liquefied Natural Gas is liquefied at the condition of atmosphere pressure and cryogenic temperature. LNG is exposed very long time under the cryogenic temperature and high pressure, and it is very important to retain the structural safety in this envelopment. Until now, the material which are composing the storage tank of LNG ship has experimented at room temperature, so it is not enough to apply for the design at the cryogenic temperature. The purposes of this study are investigated mechanical properties for aluminum alloy. To evaluate tensile and fatigue test for aluminum alloy, it was considering static and fatigue conditions at room and cryogenic temperature. S-N curves were designed at both temperature respectively. Also, P-S-N curve was performed statistical method by JSME-S002.

• Composites Research
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 환경 챔버를 이용한 극저온 환경에서, 열.하중 사이클에 따른 탄소섬유강화 복합재의 인장 물성 변화를 고찰하였다. Graphite/epoxy 일방향 복합재 시편에 대하여 시편 상온파손하중의 절반을 가한 상태에서, 상온에서 $-50^{\circ}C$, $-100^{\circ}C$, 그리고 $-150^{\circ}C$ 까지 각각 3회, 6회, 그리고 10회의 열-하중 사이클을 수행한 후 복합재의 인장 강도와 강성을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 온도가 낮아질수록 복합재의 인장 강성은 증가한 반면, 인장 강도는 감소함을 보였다. 그러나 복합재의 인장 강성은 저온 사이클 횟수에 거의 영향을 받지 않았으며 인장 강도는 사이클을 수행하지 않았을 때 보다 오히려 저온 사이클 수행 후 증가함을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 실험결과의 고찰을 위해 저온에서 복합재 시편의 열팽창계수를 측정하였고, 주사 전자 현미경 사진을 통해 섬유와 모재의 계면을 분석하였다.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.8-12
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• 2022

Recently, research on applying composite materials to various industrial fields is being actively conducted. In particular, composite materials fabricated by Fused Deposition Modeling 3D printers have more advantages than existing materials as they have fewer restrictions on manufacturing shape, reduce the time required, weight. With these advantages, it is possible to consider utilizing composite materials in cryogenic environments such as the application of liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen, which are mainly used in an aerospace and mobility. However, FDM composite materials are not verified in cryogenic environments less than 150K. This study evaluates the characteristics of composite materials such as tensile strength and strain using a UTM (Universal Testing Machine). The specimen is immersed in liquid nitrogen (77 K) to cool down during the test. The specimen is fabricated using 3D print, and can be manufactured by stacking reinforced fibers such as carbon fiber, fiber glass, and aramid fiber (Kevlar) with base material (Onyx). For the experimental method and specimen shape, international standards ASTM D638 and ASTM D3039 for tensile testing of composite materials were referenced.

• Composites Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2011

극저온 응용에서 사용하는 고분자복합재료의 계면물성 유지가 아주 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 상온과 극저온에서 사용하는 단일 탄소섬유강화 에폭시 복합재료를 마이크로드롭넷 시험과 전기-미세역학시험법을 이용한 계면전단강도와 겉보기 강성도를 평가하였다. 탄소섬유와 저온용 에폭시의 극저온에 따른 기계적 물성변화를 확인하였다. 극저온에서 탄소섬유 인장실험 결과, 상온과 비교하여 강성도는 유지하면서 강도와 연신율이 감소하였다. 이에 비해, 에폭시 기지는 상온보다 극저온에서 강도가 증가되었으나, 연신율이 감소하는 결과를 보여주었다. 이는 탄소섬유에 비해 에폭시 수지내 존재하는 빈 공간이 극저온에서 열적 수축이 최대로 일어나기 때문이다. 계면전단강도는 $-10^{\circ}C$에서 최대를 보인 후에 극저온까지 점차 감소를 보여 주었다. 그러나, 탄소섬유와 YDF-175 에폭시가 극저온에서도 여전히 상온보다 양호한 계면전단강도를 보여주었다. 이 결과는 아주 유용하며 선정된 저온용 에폭시의 인성과 계면접착력이 극저온에서도 유지되기 때문이다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2016

STS304L of membrane structure has been used for a LNG storage tank and has exposed long time under the cryogenic temperature. The purposes of this study are to evaluate the mechanical properties of base and used materials for STS304L of membrane. The tensile and high cycle fatigue tests were investigated for STS304L of membrane used over 20 years at room temperature and $-162^{\circ}C$. In addition, the test of base STS304L was performed in order to compare with used material properties. The chemical composition and phase change were investigated from EDS and XRD. From results of tensile test, yield and ultimate tensile strengths of used STS304L are smaller than those of base STS304L. S-N curves were obtained from fatigue tests at both temperatures. Also, P-S-N curves were presented with statistical method recommend by JSME-S002. Fractography was conducted for analysis of fracture mechanisms.

• Composites Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 에폭시 수지조합에 따른 탄소섬유강화 복합재 프리프레그 제작 및 극저온 인장시험을 통해 극저온에서 우수한 기계적 물성을 갖는 복합재 수지조합을 제시하였다. 환경챔버를 이용하여 상온으로부터 $-150^{\circ}C$ 까지 6회의 열-하중 사이클을 수행한 일방향 복합재 시편에 대하여 $-150^{\circ}C$에서 복합재의 인장강도와 강성을 측정하였다. 또한, $-150^{\circ}C$에서 복합재의 섬유수직방향 인장물성 및 면내 전단물성과 같은 모재 지배적인 물성 측정을 통해 수지조성변화가 섬유와 모재의 계면에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 그 결과, bisphenol-A 형의 에폭시와 CTBN 고무 변성 형 필러를 비교적 다량으로 함유한 수지조성을 갖는 복합재 시편이 극저온에서 우수한 기계적 물성을 보임을 확인하였다.