• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.209-221
• /
• 2002

Machinability improvement by the use of liquid nitrogen in cryogenic machining has been reported in various studies. This has been mostly attributed to the cooling effect of liquid nitrogen. However, No study has been found in discussion on whether liquid nitrogen possesses lubrication effect in cryogenic cutting. In machining tests, cryogenic machining reduced the force component in the feed direction, indicating that the chip slides on the tool rake face with lower friction. This study also found that the effectiveness of LN2 lubrication depends on the approach how LN2 is applied regarding cutting forces related.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.61-69
• /
• 2021

This paper presents the analysis and experiment results on the electrical and thermal characteristics of metal insulation (MI) REBCO racetrack coil, which was wound with stainless steel (SS) tape between turn-to-turn layers, under rotating magnetic field and conduction cooling system. Although the field windings of superconducting rotating machine are designed to operate on a direct current, they may be subjected to external magnetic field due to the unsynchronized armature windings during electrical or mechanical load fluctuations. The field windings show the voltage and magnetic field fluctuations and the critical current reduction when they are exposed to an external magnetic field. Moreover, the cryogenic cooling conditions are also identified as the factors that affect the electrical and thermal characteristics of the HTS coil because the characteristic resistance changes according to the cryogenic cooling conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effect of external magnetic field on the electrical and thermal characteristics of MI-SS racetrack coil for further development reliable HTS field windings of superconducting rotating machine. First, the major components of the experiment test (i.e., HTS racetrack coil construction, armature winding of 75 kW class induction motor, and conduction cooling system) were fabricated and assembled. Then, the MI racetrack coil was performed under liquid nitrogen bath and conduction cooling conditions to estimate the key parameters (i.e., critical current, time constant, and characteristic resistance) for the test coil in the steady state operation. Further, the test coil was charged to the target value under conduction cooling of 35 K then exposed to the rotating magnetic field, which was generated by three phrase armature windings of 75 kW class induction motor, to investigate the electrical and thermal characteristics during the transient state.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.65-69
• /
• 2023

Hydrogen is an eco-friendly energy source and is being actively researched in various fields around the world, including mobility and aerospace. In order to effectively utilize hydrogen energy, it should be used in a liquid state with high energy storage density, but when hydrogen is stored in a liquid state, BOG (boil-off gas) is generated due to the temperature difference with the atmosphere. This should be re-condensed when considering storage efficiency and economy. In particular, large-capacity liquid hydrogen storage tank is required a gaseous helium circulation cooling system that cools by circulating cryogenic refrigerant due to the increase in heat intrusion from external air as the heat transfer area increases and the wide distribution of the gas layer inside the tank. In order to effectively apply the system, thermo-hydraulic analysis through process analysis is required. In this study, the condenser design and system characteristics of a gaseous helium circulation cooling system for BOG recondensation of a liquefied hydrogen storage tank were compared.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.18-21
• /
• 2017

We report a method for improving heat exchange between cryo-cooled large-power-dissipation devices and liquid cryogen. Micro-machined monolithic heat sinks were fabricated on a high integration density superconducting Josephson device, and studied for their effect on cooling the device. The monolithic heat sink showed a significant enhancement of cooling capability, which markedly improved the device operation under large dc- and microwave power dissipation. The detailed mechanism of the enhancement still needs further modeling and experiments in order to optimize the design of the heat sink.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.391-399
• /
• 2003

The thermo-acoustic emission (AE) technique has been applied for nondestructive characterization of composite laminates subjected to cryogenic cooling. Thermo-AE events during heating and cooling cycles showed a Kaiser effect. An analysis of the thermo-AE behavior obtained during the 1st heating period suggested a method for determining the stress-free temperature of the composite laminates. Three different thermo-AE types classified by a short-time Fourier transform of AE signals enabled to offer a nondestructive estimation of the cryogenic damages of the composites, in that the different thermo-AE types corresponded to secondary microfracturing in the matrix contacting between crack surfaces and some abrasive contact between broken fiber ends during thermal load cycles.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.11
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 2002

본 글에서는 정밀 전자 소자등을 극저온으로 냉동시키는 데 필요불가결한 극저온 단열 기술에 대하여 간단히 알아보았다. 역사가 가장 오래되고 기본적인 진공 단열 기술로 시작하여, 공간에 고형의 물질을 삽입하는 다층 단열 기술과 분말 단열 기술에 대하여 토의하였다. 실제 응용시에는 요구되는 열적 성능과 경제적 제한 조건을 고려하여 가장 적합한 단열 방법을 선정하도록 하여야한다 또한 극저온 단열 용기의 실제 열해석 예로서 적외선 센서의 극저온 용기에 대한 정상 및 과도 열전달 해석에 대하여 간단히 기술하였다. 정상상태의 경우는 많은 경우 해석적인 해를 구할 수 있지만, 시간에 따라 온도가 변하는 과도 상태의 경우는 수치해석적인 방법이 요구된다. 열해석에서 일반적으로 쓰이는 유한차분법이 극저온 단열 용기의 열해석에도 유용하게 쓰일 수 있음을 보였다.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.14-19
• /
• 2005

A transient numerical simulation was conducted to have variation of temperature on an element of resistive Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) under quench condition. It is very important engineering information for an optimum design of cryogenic system for cooling of a resistive SFCL element. A bifilar coil for resistive SFCL for 10 MVA system was incorporated as a model in this numerical study. From the numerical simulation result, it was found that the averaged temperature on the shunt and Bi-2212 element at 500 kW, 100 ms was 711.1 K and 198.4 K respectively. The temperature variation with the change of the hot-spot size and time is also obtained. The maximum temperature was continuously increased in all cases until the hot-spot stops at 100ms and it was going down after then. Such as, the details of temperature distribution on the SFCL element obtained from this numerical study and it should be very valuable information on the decision of the cooling capacity of cryogenic system.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.316-319
• /
• 2003

Cryogenic refrigerator system is necessary for cooling the superconducting rotor. Among the various cryogenic refrigerator systems, on-board hybrid pulse tube cryocooler is designed for cooling the superconducting rotor. Hybrid pulse tube cryocooler is composed of pulse tube cryocooler and Stirling cryocooler. This Stirling cryocooler precools the middle point of regenerator to obtain lower temperature at cold part of pulse tube cryocooler. In this paper, only Stirling cryocooler is on-boarded then rotated by motor for various rotating speeds and heat loads at cold part of Stilting cryocooler. Through this experiment the feasibility of the on-board cryocooler is investigated.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
• /
• 2002.05a
• /
• pp.215-219
• /
• 2002

In this paper some physical evidences indicate that reduced friction occurs in an cryogenic machining process, in which LN2 is applied to the selected cutting zone. LN2 also reduced the tool wear rate to a great extent and elongated the tool life up to four times compared to emulsion cooling.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
• /
• 2004.06a
• /
• pp.195-195
• /
• 2004