• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.787-799
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• 1994

To elucidate morphologic lesion of porcine exudative epidermitis which is occurred sporadically in Korea, Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus isolated from the naturally affected pigs was inoculated to suckling pigs. The infected piglets were observed grossly and histopathologically. Although affected piglets were taking acute, subacute, or chronic course, some piglets suffered from chronic disease showed poor prognosis and marked growth depression. Affected peglets had erythematous skin on the face, ear, and abdomen and these localized lesions appear as brownish spots of exudative epidermitis and fromed crust in the early stage. But, after this stage, the skin were covered by viscous greasy exudate and formed blackish brown crust and appeared fissures and hypertrophy. Grossly, there has been hemorrhage with the removal of crust-like materials of epidermis and edematous subcutis. The superficial lymph nodes were edematous and swollen or congested and hemorrhagic. Some piglets had swollen ureters, cysts in the renal cortex, or polyarthritis. A few cases had mild edematous swelling of kidney, intestinal catarrh and congestion of brain. Microscopically, skin lesions had detachment of keralinized layer and parakeratosis of epidermis, hydropic degeneration of epidermal cell, and retrogressive degeneration of hair root sheath. Dermis had edema, and infiltration of neutrophils and mononuclear cells. As the disease was proceeded, there was marked perivasculitis with lots of mononuclear inflammatory cells. More chronic lesions formed granuloma-like bodies(nodules) due to more mononuclear, perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration and proliferation of fibroblast. Lots of plasma cells and eosinophils were also present in dermis. Epidermis was hyperplastic by proliferation of basal cells stratum germinativum and epidermal pegs often extended into the dermis. In secondary infection, lots of neutrophils could be seen in epidermis and derms. Kidney had neutrophilic infiltration, necrotic and cystic glomeruli, and dilation of renal tubules and ureters. Purulent arthritis was sometimes observed in joints. Three days old mice administrated Staphylococcus hyicus subsp hyicus subcutaneously before had focal congestion and hemorrhage, necrosis, and subcutaneous edema of the skin. This observation was also seen in the study of mice administrated exfoliatin toxin of Staphylococcus which evoked human staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.934-938
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• 1999

Effect of processing agents on physical properties on aniline-type leathers such as wet blue, crust leather, and finished leather has been investigated. These leathers were manufactured from pelts obtained by the chemical, the enzyme, and the bio-tech treatment. There was no difference in physical properties between crust leather and finished leather. All finished leathers with the three treatments were satisfied with the Korean Industrial Standard like a tensile strength of $1.2kg_f/mm^2$, an elongation of 30%, a tear strength of $3.0kg_f/mm$, a grain crack weight of $15kg_f$, and a $Cr_2O_3$ content of 2.5%. In peculiar, application of the bio-tech treatment gave the best leather. This improvement of physical quality could be explained by the results of SEM and image analyser.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.142-144
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• 2003

A 3-year-old, 38 kg, male Golden Retriever dog was referred to Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Konkuk University because of chronic formation of crust on nasal bridge and planum nasale. Abnormalities of physical examination included hyperkeratosis on the footpad, symmetrical alopecia and erythma around olecranon, and crust on nasal bridge and planum nasale. Results of the hematological examination showed a mild leukopenia with neutropenia, monocytosis, and mild lymphocytosis. In addition, the result of serum chemistry and thyroid gland profile were normal. Results of fungal and bacterial culture was negative. Acanthocytes in cytological evaluation of nasal crust were observed in direct microscopic examination. Examination of skin biopsy exhibited vacuolation of basal cell layer, degeneration and necrosis of basal cell with defluxion, mild monocytes filtrations between epidermis and dermis, and mild acanthosis with hyperkeratinization. Based on results of examination described above, Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE) was diagnosed.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

This studied area is divided into the mountains and the valleys. The former is nearly consisted of the badland, the latter is consisted of alluvial plains in the valley, fluvial terrace at the side of the river, alluvial fans between mountains and river terrace. There are many tors, mushroom rocks, sugarloaves, weathering pits, castle coppies, columnar rocks, pinnacles, balanced rocks carved on tuff by means of erosion in the Chiricahua Nat'l Monument. Willcox Playa is alkalic crust where was lake in pleistocene epoch at the time wetter than present. Alkalic crust was made of Ca, Na, K etc. There are sand dunes around here where was lake side in the past. We found many kinds of fossils at the 2,000ft thick horizons of valley alluvium. Pediment and alluvium bordered at the base of Mt. Dragoon wavily. Exfoliation and spalling and sheeting resulted in boulders around here. Tucson is alluvial plain filled in thick 7,0000ft valley. Volcano, fault, erosion, alluvium were and are processing in this area.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.89-100
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• 2007

In this study, various field and laboratory tests were performed to investigate the characteristics of shear strength and bearing behavior to be considered in the estimation of stability and trafficability in early stage of stabilization process in marine clay dredged deposit. Site characterization was carried out to grasp the basic properties of the deposit. Field vane test, unconfined compression test and direct shear test were conducted to evaluate the shear strength distribution for varied depths, and the characteristics of shear strength and stress-strain behavior of the crust layer. Plate load tests were also performed to estimate the bearing capacity and to assess load-settlement behavior and failure pattern of the deposit. The bearing capacity was also estimated using previously proposed methods for double-layered clay deposit. The estimated bearing capacity was compared with the results of the plate load tests and then, the applicability of the estimation method was discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.1460-1468
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• 2011

This study investigated the quality changes and characteristics (0, 3, 6, 9%) of pound cake made with flour that included gamma irradiated (50 kGy) hot water extracts of Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll (WEUS). The pH of pound cakes decreased with increasing powder concentration, and gamma-irradiated pound cakes had lower pH than non-irradiated pound cakes at the same powder concentrations. The height, volume, specific loaf volume, and baking loss showed no significant differences between control and experimental groups. With increasing powder concentration, the L value of the crust and crumbs decreased, but the a value increased. The b value showed different tendencies between crust and crumb. The crust value was reduced with higher content of WEUS, but the crumb value increased. Gamma-irradiated pound cakes were also less hard than non-irradiated pound cakes. On the other hand, adhesiveness and springiness decreased with increasing powder concentration, but were not significantly different from the control. Also, gumminess and chewiness decreased but not significantly so. The hardness after several days of storage (5, 10, and 15 days) was higher than the control, and the springiness and cohesiveness were significantly reduced with increasing concentration compared to the control. The retrogradation increased in the control group, but it did not in the experimental groups. Results of radical scavenging activity using DPPH indicated that the gamma-irradiated group was higher than the non-irradiated group and it was also higher with higher concentrations of powder. In a sensory evaluation, when compared to the control, pound cake with 3% WEUS was superior in taste, flavor, and overall preference. Therefore, it was found that pound cake with 3% WEUS powder with gamma irradiation of 50 kGy added could improve the yield, taste, and antioxidant activity of pound cake.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.659-669
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the relationship between occurrence of natural radioactive materials such as ²³⁸U and ²²²Rn and original mixing ratio of helium isotope of groundwater from various geology, and to suggest the underground aquifer environment from helium original mixing data. 9 groundwater samples were collected from five study areas, and ²³⁸U, Rn-222 and helium isotope were analyzed. A high ²³⁸U content of the range of 218~477 ㎍ /L in the groundwater occurs in the twomica granite. ⁴He air-crust mixing ratio and the Rn-222 content show a rough relation, that is, Rn-222 content increases according to the increase of ⁴He crust mixing ratio. Because of helium and radon are an inert gas, their behavior in underground environment is assumed as an analogous. The ²³⁸U content and He isotope in groundwater does not show any distinct correlation. The groundwater can be classified as three groups (air, air-crust mixing, crust-mantle mixing origin) on the diagram of ³He/⁴He vs ⁴He/²⁰Ne, which is composed of original mixing line from air-crust-mantle end members. This original mixing of helium can provide the information of underground aquifer characteristic such as the connection with surface environment or isolation condition from air environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.711-716
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of castella added with different concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) of Panax ginseng sprout powder. The specific gravity of castella made with 15% ginseng sprout powder was the highest (0.65), and baking loss rate was highest well. However, the height and weight of castella were highest in the control. The pH of castella decreased with increasing levels of Panax ginseng sprout powder, whereas sugar content of castella did not show significant differences. The Hunter L, a, and b values of crust decreased as the concentration of Panax ginseng sprout powder increased. The Hunter L and a values of crumb decreased as the concentration of ginseng sprout powder increased, whereas b values of crumb increased. The gumminess and chewiness of castella increased by addition of Panax ginseng sprout powder, whereas cohesiveness of castella decreased. The hardness and springiness of castella did not show significant differences. In the sensory evaluation, crust color, crumb color, aroma and moistness did not show significant differences among samples while sweet taste, and chewiness were highest in the control group. The overall acceptability of castella added with 5% Panax ginseng sprout powder was the highest. Therefore, the results suggest that castella added with 5% ginseng sprout powder could be helpful for improving physical quality and taste.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.450-456
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• 2006

The favorable effect of ascorbic acid and cysteine on the improvement of rice bread quality was investigated by creating and comparing 6 experimental rice breads(RB-1 to RB-6). The RB-3 showed a relatively higher loaf volume, specific loaf volume and bread yield than the other breads. Crust and crumb color of breads were measured using a Hunter celery meter. The RB 5 and RB 6 showed the higher cut L-value than the other broads. As the proportion of the rice in the experimental breads increased, both the crust L-value and the crumb L-value showed higher values. According to the texture profile analysis, the hardness of the RB-1 to RB-3 were lower than those of the other breads. The springness of the experimental broads increased as the percentage of the rice in the breads increases. However, less proportions of rice to breads provided significantly lower level of the chewiness. The cohesiveness did not show any specific pattern by the proportion of rice to breads. The degree of retrogradation of the breads was accelerated when the breads contained more rice or when the breads had neither ascorbic acid nor cysteine. Therefore, RB 3, which contained ascorbic acid and cysteine and less rice, showed the highest retardation in the degree of retrogradation. In addition, the RB 3 showed the highest overall acceptance scores by sensory evaluation.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.38 no.3 s.172
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• pp.285-297
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• 2005

Seismic reflection profile analysis, potential field analysis, and potential field modeling using deep seismic reflection, gravity, magnetic, and geological data were performed to better understand the location and nature of the Grenville Front in Ohio, USA. The seismic reflection profile reveals a broad zone of east dipping basement reflectors associated with the Grenville Front in western Ohio and a broad region of west dipping reflectors cutting through the entire crust in eastern Ohio. Potential field analysis indicates that the Grenville Front is characterized by a gravity low, an associated gravity positive and a magnetic high. The results of the gravity and magnetic modeling using seismic data suggest that the lower crust is thickened at the interpreted position of the Grenville Front and high grade metamorphic rocks make up the Grenville Front Tectonic Zone (GFTZ). The gravity low at the Grenville Front is due to the thickened crust, while the magnetic high is due to high grade metamorphic rocks. The gravity high immediately east of the GFTZ in central Ohio is caused by thrusting of high density lower and middle crustal rocks into the upper crust. There is no compelling evidence that this gravity high is related to a Precambrian rift zone as has been suggested in previous studies.