• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.273-280
• /
• 2019

This study developed an optimization model, defined as the IPS (Itinerary for Passenger Satisfaction), for a cruise ship to identify an itinerary that maximizes passenger satisfaction. A 0-1 integer programming model was developed to provide an optimal sequence of ports of call, assigning a destination to each day of the cruise. The concepts of the destination access network and the neighborhood of a destination were designed and manipulated to organize the complex network of destinations so that each next destination is selected within a practical overnight sail. The developed model can also be viewed as a reduced variant of the traveling salesperson problem with less constraints. A set of example tests shows that practical scenarios of the IPS with moderate cruise duration can be easily solved with light computation loads. Considering cruise ship passengers usually make their decisions not relying on only one destination but on an itinerary in its entirety, the purpose of this study was to identify itinerary alternatives to attract potential cruise passengers for attaining maximum occupancy level.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 2017

Despite the remarkable continual growth of the world cruise industry, studies have yet to be attempted on many revenue management problems in cruise operations. This paper suggests two schemes that can be easily applied to cruise revenue management: optimal dual pricing and passenger safety level. In optimal dual pricing, a pair of higher and lower prices is applied to cabin reservation through market segmentation. This scheme can be executed with a linear price-response function for the current unreserved cabins. A cruise line could benefit from this scheme to maximize reservation revenue while attaining full occupancy. The dual pricing scheme is also devised to produce only integer demands to suit real management practices. The life boat capacity is an additional service capacity unique to the cruise industry, catering to passengers' safety. The concept of passenger safety level is defined and computed for any passenger life boat capacity of a cruise ship. It can be used to evaluate the passenger safety of a cruise ship in operation, as well as to determine the number of life boat seats required for a new cruise ship. Hypothetical examples are used to illustrate the operation of these two schemes.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 2000

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.17-28
• /
• 2016

This study examines the cruise course network structure in the Asian regions and the centrality of ports using social network analysis (SNA). For network analysis of Asian cruise courses, a data network of cruise courses was constructed using data on courses of cruise ships operating in Asian ports collected from the reports of the Cruise Lines International Associations.There are 249 nodes or ports of ship companies that provide cruise courses to Asia between from October 2015 to June 2016, and these nodes connect 545 ports. Density analysis based on ports where cruise ship companies operated cruise ships showed that, from October 2015 to June 2016, the density was 0.009, which was lower than the average of global port network density (2006 to 2011) and railroad network density. In addition, was calculated to be, which means that connection with all ports was possible through 2,180 steps. In the analysis of the Asian cruise course network centrality, Singapore ranked first in both out-degree and in-degree in connection centrality, followed by Hong Kong, Shanghai, Ho Chi Minh, and Keelung. Singapore also ranked first in the result betweenness centrality analysis, followed by Penang, Dubai, and Hong Kong. From October 2015 to June 2016, the port with the highest Eigenvector centrality was Hong Kong, followed by Ho Chi Minh, Singapore, Shanghai, and Danang. In the case of the domestic ports Incheon, Busan, and Jeju, connection centrality, betweenness centrality, and Eigenvector centrality all ranked lower than their competitor Chinese ports.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 2020

The cruise industry in the Mediterranean region increased from 2000-2018, being the second most important region after the Caribbean. The purpose of this study was to analyze the networks and hub ports of the Mediterranean. This paper used the SNA (Social Network Analysis) methodology, which includes Hub and Authority Combined Centrality (HACC) that has been used to analyze cruise port centrality, as well as degree centrality such as In-Degree, Out-Degree, and Betweenness. This empirical study suggests that the top three ports of the Mediterranean ports' network in terms of hub index are Barcelona, Civitavecchia, and Palma de Mallorca. The academic implications are the suggestion for data integration based on real itineraries and numbers of POC (Port of Calls), as well as the selection of the hubs of the targeted areas. The practical implications are suggested such as a clear requirement for cruise industry, as a way to widen the scope for the Mediterranean region and a valuable reference for cruise ship companies to select the best fit home ports.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2012

In spite of today's rapid growth of world cruise industry, little academic attention has yet been given to the decision making problems for cruise operations. This research deals with strategic cruise itinerary planning that any cruise company should face. Increasing demands for international itineraries and redeployments of cruise ships are adding complexity to the itinerary planning. A slight modification of the conventional PERT/CPM network is adopted. to cope with this complexity systematically. By this, the concept of candidate itinerary network is suggested for each cruise ship. To integrate these candidate itinerary networks for each ship in a single framework, an integer programming model has been developed to find the optimal itinerary planning for any fleet of cruise ships. A numerical example, based on real cruise itinerary practices, is tested to validate and interpret the model.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.163-170
• /
• 2003

This empirical study takes the activation approach for the competitive power of Korean shipping companies in the Korea-China liner routes. Data for this study were collected from Korea/ China/ 3rd flag shipping companies through the 500 questionnaires. The data of 250 respondents were analyzed statistically to verify the hypotheses and to induce Regression Equation which could predicts the influencing level of the determinants to competitive advantage for Korean shipping companies on Korea-China Liner Shipping Routes. Factor Analysis/ Cronbach's Alpha/ Principal Analysis/ Multiple Regression Analysis were used in order to test the hypotheses for the empirical study.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.81-111
• /
• 2013

Along with a general growth in living standards there has been a corresponding increase in the demand for tourism. Cruise based tourism, in particular, has become one of the most dynamic and dramatic growth sectors in the tourism industry over the last 20 years, including in the Northeast Asian region. In line with the growth of passenger numbers, the number of cruise ships and their berth capacities has increased significantly since the late 1970s. Korea, as a peninsular nation, has also experienced a rapid growth in cruise passenger numbers. The national economy has greatly benefited from this as the industry acts as an income generator, creating new jobs and potential investments and in developing local tourism. Ports play an important role in the development of any national cruise industry, providing not only ship berths but supply and bunkering facilities and a gateway to local tourism opportunities. The selection of the optimal cruise port location is an important and complex problem because the decision makers have to consider a large number of criteria which have a significant effect on the economy, environment, human life, and society. This paper investigates those criteria that are significant in developing a successful cruise port by employing a questionnaire survey of major cruise port users - shipping companies and tourism companies. The ports, surveyed in this study are Busan, Incheon, Yeosu and Jeju. All have been identified as important potential cruise ports in the Korean Government's 'The 3rd Port Basic Plan (2011-2020)'.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.28 no.10 s.96
• /
• pp.843-850
• /
• 2004

This study introduces a new cruise ship design model with residence concept by carrying out a specific design procedure on the regionally and culturally characterized cruise model. Cruise ship design requires a combined approach with architectural design skills, shipbuilding techniques and even the knowledge of business management. Contrary to the traditional cargo ship design in which the design of residence area on the top of cruise ship is performed first and then the lower part of the ship structure is determined as a final step, a top-down procedure for the conceptual ship design is adopted.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 2019

The cruise industry is a future-oriented convergence industry based on tourism and shipping, and has attracted great attention not only in the global market but also in Korea. The rapid growth of Asian cruise population, especially in China, has had a considerable impact on both the global market as well as the Korean market. With the recent THAAD problem, the need for diversification of the market has been raised as the entry of cruise tourists from China has been greatly reduced. It is also time for a more systematic and comprehensive development strategy ahead of the opening of the new cruise terminal. This study draws out the problems based on the interviews with experts such as prefectures, travel agencies, and related organizations, as well as analyzing literature on domestic and overseas government plans, policy reports, and research data. Then, the SWOT analysis is used to develop the development strategy and explore the policy support direction. The research scope can be extended to sustainable development model through wider linkage of mid to long term strategy and policy.