• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2019

A variety of livestock feed resources were used in Korean dairy farm due to a lack of the endemic feed. However, there is inadequate real farm data to support farmers' decisions on the choice of options. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional value of total mixed ration (TMR) as well as the metabolic diseases status in Korean dairy farms. TMR samples were collected from nine feed companies and eight selected self-formulated by the dairy farms. The nutrient contents were examined by AOAC methods. The frequency of metabolic diseases such as ketosis and hypocalcemia were surveyed. The average moisture content was 36.2% although the min. and max. value were varied from 21.7% and 50.6% among farms. The mean${\pm}$standard deviation of crude fiber (CF), crude ash (CA), ether extract (EE), and crude protein (CP) were $21.4{\pm}2.5$, $4.6{\pm}0.4$, $3.2{\pm}0.5$ and $9.8{\pm}1.7$, respectively. However, the average ADF and NDF was $17.3{\pm}3.7$ and $31.0{\pm}5.7$, respectively. The compositions of TMR were varied significantly among the dairy farms. The frequency of clinical Ketosis (CK), subclinical ketosis (SCK) and hypocalcemia were higher in early lactation period with 4.5%, 11.0% and 3.0%, respectively. Also, the frequency of SCK was higher than CK and hypocalcemia throughout the lactation. Periodic TMR nutrient analysis based on herd production or physiology change would maximize the effects of TMR feeding. Furthermore, the study results would be useful to the farm practitioner and producer for their farm management.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2021

Centella asiatica (CA) has been used as a nutritional plant as well as a traditional herbal medicine around the world. This study, quality component (proximate composition, total polyphenol, and triterpenoid compound), and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of CA dried using various methods were investigated. Proximate compositions of CA with different drying methods included a large amount of carbohydrates, crude protein, crude ash, and crude fiber. Among the drying methods, cold drying provided the highest total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity, while hot-air drying at 75℃ provided the lowest total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity. In addition, when the major triterpenoid compounds of CA were analyzed, the highest content of asiaticoside of triterpenoid glycoside was obtained with all drying methods. With respect to the total triterpenoid, the highest content was obtained with cold drying (68.8 mg/g) whereas natural drying (31.4 mg/g) provided the lowest content. In anti-inflammatory activity of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, EtOH extract of cold drying showed a significantly higher inhibitory activity in comparison to the other drying methods. In conclusion, it is considered that the cold drying method is suitable for industrial preparation of functional materials with high physiological ingredients, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities from CA.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.378-388
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• 2022

This study was conducted to determine the proximate compositions, nutritional components, and antioxidant effects of white and brown enoki mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes). The crude protein and carbohydrate contents were higher in the brown than white mushrooms, whereas the moisture, crude ash, crude lipid, and dietary fiber levels were lower. The mineral contents of the white mushroom was higher than levels obtained in the brown mushroom for the detected components (Ca, Cu, K, Mn, Na, and P). The amount of vitamin B₃ in the brown mushroom was 1.51 mg/100 g, which was 4.5 times higher than that in the white mushroom. The major fatty acids detected were palmitic acid, linoleic acid, and α-linolenic acid. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were highest in 70% ethanol extracts of the white and brown mushrooms, respectively. For the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, a 70% methanol extract of the white enoki mushrooms showed an activity of 76.4% (p<0.05). For the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity, a 70% methanol extract of the brown enoki mushrooms showed the highest value. Further, the total flavonoid contents were significantly correlated with the DPPH and FRAP activities.

• 분석과학
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.169-180
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• 2022

Tomato has a limited shelf life and is highly perishable due to its high moisture content. As fruit leather, is a traditional food of Nepal, it can be beneficial to move towards value addition and diversification of the traditional product. The main aim was to analyze the nutritional values and phytochemicals of the tomato pulp and prepared leather, and sensory evaluation of prepared tomato leather. Five samples A, B, C, D and E were prepared with 80:20, 72.5:27.5, 95:5, 87.5:12.5 and 65:35 fruit pulp: sugar ratio respectively. Analysis of raw tomato pulp and all the five samples was performed. Sensory quality of the product sample A was found superior to that of other samples but chemical and phytochemical properties of product sample C was found superior than that of other prepared samples. Therefore, we had two best products, in terms of sensory properties and in terms of nutritional properties. The best product on the basis of nutrients (sample C) had acidity (%), TSS (°Bx), pH, total ash content (%), crude protein (%), crude fat (%), crude fiber (%), carbohydrate (%), vitamin C (mg/100 g), total energy (Kcal/100 g), TPC (mg GAE/g of dry extract), TFC (mg QE/g of dry extract), DPPH scavenging activity (% of inhibition) and lycopene content (mg/100 g) was found to be 3.70.1, 20 ± 0.02, 3 ± 0.1, 2.30 ± 0.05, 2.69 ± 0.04, 0.87 ± 0.02, 5.46 ± 0.01, 69.68 ± 0.02, 25.17 ± 1.25, 297.31 ± 0.01, 85.35 ± 0.02, 65.39 ± 0.02, 59.23 ± 0.03 and 98.57 ± 0.02 respectively. A tasty and nutritious product of tomato, leather can be prepared which can be more appealing to the consumer.

• 환경생물
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.471-478
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• 2021

흰점박이꽃무지(Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis) 유충의 대체사료인 한약재 부산물 발효원인 유용미생물(Effective microorganism, EM)과 느타리버섯 종균(Oyster mushroom fungi, OM)을 비교하였다. 각 발효된 사료의 영양성분을 비교한 결과, 조회분을 제외한 조단백, 조지방, 조섬유 함량이 OM 발효사료에서 높게 나타났다. 각 발효된 사료로 사육된 흰점박이꽃무지 유충의 영양성분을 비교한 결과 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 각 발효사료별 흰점박이꽃무지 유충의 생체중을 주별 비교 분석한 결과, 3주차 관찰시기부터 EM과 OM을 이용한 사료에서 흰점박이꽃무지 유충 평균중량이 유의하게 높았다. 유충 사육 시 생존율은 발효사료의 경우 동일하게 96.7%이나, 비발효사료의 경우 9.8%로 매우 낮았다. 본 실험결과, 흰점박이꽃무지의 생육에 먹이 원의 발효는 꼭 필요했으며, OM은 EM을 대체할 수 있는 흰점박이꽃무지 대체사료의 발효원으로 더 안정적이었다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.770-778
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• 2010

Bamboo leaf powder was added to Jeolpyun to increase the neutraceutical effects and storage period. The bamboo leaf powder was added to rice flour at ratios of 0, 4, 6, 8, and 10% (w/w), and they were treated with aqueous malt extract to extend storage. The Jeolpyun was stored at $20^{\circ}C$ for 72 hr, and the physical and sensory characteristics were evaluated. As a result, the crude fat, crude protein, moisture, crude ash and total dietary fiber contents in bamboo leaf powder were 4.36, 11.29, 3.37, 7.33, and 65.57%, respectively. The Hunters L, a, and b values decreased significantly as the amount of bamboo leaf powder increased; however, the a and b values increased during storage. The paste property setback values decreased with the malt extract treatment and with increasing amounts of bamboo leaf powder. In a sensory analysis, hard texture strength in the malt extract and bamboo leaf powder treatment groups was less than that in the control during storage. The Jeolpyun prepared with malt extract and no bamboo leaf powder was the most accepted by consumers. Although adding bamboo leaf powder resulted in less consumer acceptance except for the flavor attribute, adding 4% and 8% bamboo leaf powder resulted in better consumer acceptance for texture, taste, and overall acceptance than that of the control. In a microbial analysis, adding bamboo leaf powder resulted in fewer mold colonies. In conclusion, adding 4% bamboo leaf powder and malt extract to Jeolpyun improved its storage properties.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2008

The effects of feeding diets containing 20% (L) or 30% (H) neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (DM basis) on performance and carcass traits were studied in three breeds of pig, including pure Mong Cai (MC), crossbred Landrace$\times$Yorkshire (LY) and crossbred MC$\times$Yorkshire (F1). The experiment had a factorial design with two factors, breed and diet. Eighteen piglets of each breed ($60{\pm}3days$) were randomly allocated to three treatments: L-L, low fiber diet in both growing and finishing periods; L-H, low and high fiber diet in the growing and finishing period, respectively; and H-H, high fiber diet in both periods. The diets were iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous within feeding period. The main fibrous ingredients of the diets were rice bran and cassava residue. There were no effects of fiber level on daily dry matter feed intake (DMI), expressed as g/kg metabolic body weight (BW0.75), in both feeding periods (p>0.05). DMI was highest for MC, followed by F1 and LY (p<0.001). Average daily gain (ADG) in L-L and L-H was higher than in H-H in the growing period (p<0.001) and overall (p<0.05), while feed conversion ratio (FCR) was higher in H-H than in L-L and L-H in the growing period (p<0.05) and overall, but no significant differences between treatments were found in the finishing period. In both periods, Landrace$\times$Yorkshire had the highest ADG and the lowest FCR, followed by F1 and Mong Cai (p<0.001). There were no interactions between breed and diet for performance and carcass traits. Carcass and dressing percentage was lower for L-H and H-H than for L-L (p<0.05). There were no significant differences among treatments in back fat thickness and lean meat percentage, or in crude protein and ether extract contents of lean meat. Carcass, dressing and lean meat percentage was highest for LY, lowest for MC and intermediate for F1 (p<0.001). It can be concluded that feeding a high fiber diet in the growing period reduced pig performance, but there was no effect in the finishing period. Pure Mong Cai pigs are not particularly suitable for meat purposes, although the F1 cross with Large White had reasonably good growth performance and carcass quality.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.84-90
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• 1986

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 고랭지(高冷地) Timothy 우점초지에서 목초(牧草)의 적정(適正) 예취회수(刈取回數)와 최종(最終) 예취시기(刈取時期)를 구명(究明)하고자 DM 생산량(生産量), 월동후(越冬後) 초기생육특성(初期生育特性), 다음해 1차수량(次收量) 조단백질(粗蛋白質) 및 조섬유(粗纖維) 생산량(生産量)을 조사(調査)하고 그들간(間)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 초기생육(初期生育)이 개시(開始)되는 시기(時期)는 예취회수(刈取回數)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 빨라지는 경향(傾向)이었으나 유의차(有意差)가 없었으며 최종예취일(最終刈取日)에 따른 영향은 일정하지 않았다. 2. 예취회수(刈取回數)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 건물생산량(乾物生産量)은 감소하였으나 최종예취일(最終刈取日)에 따른 차이(差異)는 없었다. 3. 월동후 1 차수량(次收量)은 예취회수(刈取回數)에 따라 현저히 감소하였으나 최종예취일(最終刈取日)에 따른 차이(差異)는 뚜렷하지 않았다. 4. 조단백질(粗蛋白質) 생산량(生産量)은 예취회수(刈取回數)가 증가(增加)할수록 많아졌으나 건물율(乾物率)은 낮아지는 경향이었고 조섬유(粗纖維) 생산량(生産量)은 일정하지 않았다. 5. 건물수량(乾物收量)과 건물율(乾物率)($\gamma=0.78$) 및 다음해 1차수량(次收量)($\gamma=0.82$)간(間)과 건물율(乾物率)과 다음해 1차수량(次收量)($\gamma=0.83$)간(間)에는 정(正)의 상관(相關)이 있었고(p<0.01), 조단백질(粗蛋白質) 생산량(生産量)과 건물율(乾物率)($\gamma=-0.67$) 및 다음해 1차수량(次收量)($\gamma=-0.68$)간(間)에는 부(負)의 상관(相關)이었다(p<0.01). 6. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)를 종합(綜合)해 볼 때 건물생산(乾物生産)에 있어서는 년간(年間) 예취회수(刈取回數)는 3회(回)호 하고 최종예취일(最終刈取日)은 9월(月) 30일(日)로 하는 것이 적당(適當)하다고 생각되며 조단백질(粗蛋白質) 수량(收量)을 고려한다면 4회(回) 예취(刈取)에 최종예취일(最終刈取日)은 9월(月) 30일(日)로 하는 것이 좋다고 사료(思料)된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2003

본 시험은 제주지역에서 질소시비량 차이(0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250kg/ha)에 따른 제주조의 생육반응, 수량 및 사료가치를 구명하기 위하여 2000년 5월 1일부터 8월 25일까지 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 출수기까지의 일수는 92일에서 98일로 질소 시비량이 증가할수록 출수기까지의 일수는 지연되는 경향이었다. 초장은 무비구에서 96cm였던 것이 질소시비량이 증가함에 따라 점차적으로 커져서 200kg, 250kg/ha 시비구에서 각각 134cm, 135cm였으나 두 시비구 간의 유의성은 없었다. 무비구에서 질소시비량이 250kg/ha 증가함에 따라 생초수량은 18.88MT/ha에서 42.82 MT/ha로 건물수량은 8.45MT/ha에서 12.25 MT/ha, 단백질수량은 0.76MT/ha에서 1.59MT/ha, TDN수량은 4.32MT/ha에서 6.79 MT/ha로 증가되었으나 200kg/ha과 250kg/ha의 두 시비구 간에 모든 수량은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 무질소구에서 질소시비량이 증가함에 따라 조단백 함량은 9%에서 13.0%로, 조지방은 1.4%에서 1.7%로, 가용무질소물은 46.1%에서 46.9%로, TDN 함량은 51.1%에서 55.5%로 증가되는 경향을 보였으나 조회분 함량은 8.7%에서 8.2%로, 조섬유 함량은 34.9%에서 30.2%로 감소되는 경향이었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.759-763
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• 1994

약성(藥性)을 갖고 여러가지 질병에 유익한 메밀을 채소로 식용하고자 무기성분과 rutin의 함량을 개량종 9품종에서 각각 측정하였다. 9품종의 종실에 대한 일반 성분은 조단백 함량이 $16.2{\sim}20.4%$, 조지방은 $2.2{\sim}2.9%$이었다. 회분 함량은 $2.4{\sim}43%$로 재래종 $(2.4{\sim}2.6%)$에 비해 우수하였으며, 섬유소는 재래종에 비해 $2{\sim}3%$ 낮으며 전체적으로 당질의 함량이 다소 낮았다. 개량중 중 수원 11호와 5호가 각각 0.12%, 0.11%로 높은 rutin 함량을 보였다. 무기물은 회분에 대하여 10% HCI 불용물이 $0.5{\sim}55.32%$ 였으며 K, Ca, Mg 및 Fe 순으로 함유되어 재래종에 비해 우수하였다. 메밀채소의 일반성분은 높은 단백질 함량을 보였으며 수원 10, 11호가 가장 높은 단백질 함량을 보였다. 메밀 채소증 rutin 함량은 $0.20{\sim}0.40%$로 수원 5호가 가장높은 0.40% 함량을 보였다. 메밀함량이 높은 수원 5호의 성장과정중의 rutin함량의 변화는 떡잎시 0.40%, 본잎 $4{\sim}5$장시 1.10%였다. 또한 무기성분의 변화는 10% HCI 불용물이 성장초인 떡잎시 69.8%인 반면 완전 성장시기인 개화시 4.68%였다. Fe와 Ca는 채소성장과 더불어 증가되었다.