• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1183-1187
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• 2004

This study was designed to develop crosslinking of $\beta$-cyclodextrin ($\beta$-CD), and determine the optimum conditions of different factors (mixing time, mixing temperature, and mixing speed) on cholesterol reduction from milk. Crosslinked $\beta$-CD was prepared with epichlorohydrin. When milk was treated with different conditions, the cholesterol removal rate was in the range of 79.4 to 83.3% with 1 % crosslinked $\beta$-CD addition, which were not significantly different among treatments. After cholesterol removal from milk, the used crosslinked $\beta$-CD was washed for cholesterol dissociation and reused. For recycling study, the cholesterol removal rate in first trial was 81.8%, which was mostly same as that using new crosslinked $\beta$-CD. With five trials repeatedly using the same sample, the mean cholesterol removal rate was 81.2%. The present study indicated that the optimum conditions on cholesterol removal using crosslinked $\beta$-CD were 10 min mixing with 400 rpm speed at $5^{\circ}C$ with about 80% cholesterol removal. In addition, crosslinked $\beta$-CD resulted in the effective recycling efficiency almost 100%.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.381-388
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was investigate the dyeing property on chitosan crosslinked cotton fabric with cochineal at variable conditions. Chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics were manufactured by crosslinking agent epichlorohydrin in the presence of chitosan. Chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics dyed using cochineal were post-mordanted using Al, Fe and Cu. The dyeability(K/S) of chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics were measured by computer color matching. Additionally the fastness to washing and light were also investigated. The dye-uptake of chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics increased with the dyeing time. The saturated dyeing time was about 20minutes at $60^{\circ}C$. The dyeability(K/S) was remarkably increased with increasing content of crosslinked chitosan because of having a amine group of chitosan. Chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics were dyed yellowish red by non and Fe mordanting, blueish red by Al and Cu mordanting, respectively. The washing and light fastness were increased by mordanting, especially Cu and Fe mordanting.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.1298-1305
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• 2000

0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0% epichlorohydrin으로 가교결합시킨 감자 전분을 각각 5% 첨가한 polyethylene cast 필름을 제조하여 이들의 기계적 성질 및 열분해 특성, 생분해 특성을 분석하였다. Instron으로 측정한 필름의 기계적 성질에서는 가교결합 감자 전분으로 제조한 필름이 무처리 감자 전분으로 제조한 필름보다 인장강도, 신장율, 인장에너지 모두가 더 높게 나타나 필름의 기계적 강도가 향상되었음을 알 수 있었다. FT-IR과 Instron으로 측정한 필름의 열분해 특성에서는 가교결합 감자 전분으로 제조한 필름이 무처리 감자 전분으로 제조한 필름보다 빠르게 열분해됨이 확인되었다. 또한 필름의 생분해 특성에서도 가교결합 감자 전분으로 제조한 필름이 무처리 감자 전분으로 제조한 필름보다 생분해 정도가 더 뛰어난 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.566-572
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• 2009

This study was designed to elucidate the quantities of milk nutrients entrapped during cholesterol removal from milk by crosslinked $\beta$-cyclodextrin ($\beta$-CD, 0.4~1.2%, w/v) and to evaluate the amounts of the residual $\beta$-CD in cholesterol-reduced milk treated by crosslinked $\beta$-CD. The content of lactose in the control milk (without treatment by crosslinked $\beta$-CD) was 4.86%, and the amounts of lactose entrapped by crosslinked $\beta$-CD ranged from 0.00 to 0.03%. The total amounts of the entrapped short-chain free fatty acid (FFA) and free amino acid (FAA) ranged from 0.03 to 0.09 ppm and from 0.28 to $0.71{\mu}mol/mL$, respectively. The amounts of the entrapped water-soluble vitamins (L-ascorbic acid, niacin, thiamine and riboflavin) ranged from 0.02 to 0.05 ppm, 0.01 to 0.06 ppm, 0.00 to 0.06 ppm and 0.01 to 0.06 ppm, respectively. The entrapped amounts of lactose, short-chain FFAs, FAAs and water-soluble vitamins were not remarkably affected by the concentrations of crosslinked $\beta$-CD (0.4~1.2%, w/v). Only very small amounts of residual $\beta$-CD in the cholesterol-removed milk were measured (1.22~3.00 ppm). Based on the data obtained from the present study, it was concluded that the amounts of entrapped nutrients were negligible during cholesterol removal from milk by crosslinked $\beta$-CD, and only trace amounts of residual $\beta$-CD were present in cholesterol-removed milk.

• 분석과학
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.452-459
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• 1998

수산계 폐기물로부터 분리한 chitin을 epichlorohydrin과 반응시켜 가교 chitin을 제조한 후 탈아세틸화하여 가교 chitosan을 제조하였다. 가교 chitosan-OH를 가교 chitosan-Cl로 전환시킨 뒤 킬레이트 시약인 2,2'-Iminodibenzoic acid 염과 반응시켜 킬레이트 흡착제인 2,2'-Iminodibenzoic acid-가교 chitosan을 합성하였다. 그리고 합성된 흡착제를 이용하여 Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II)의 흡착과 회수 특성을 연구하였다. 흡착특성에 대한 실험 결과, pH가 증가할수록 흡착되는 금속 이온의 양이 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 최적 반응시간은 1시간, 흡착력은 Cu(II)

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.207-217
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• 2023

Purpose: Non-crosslinked and crosslinked collagen membranes are known to exhibit distinct degradation characteristics, resulting in contrasting orientations of the adjacent tissues and different biological processes. The aim of this study was to conduct a histomorphometric assessment of non-crosslinked and crosslinked collagen membranes regarding neovascularization, tissue integration, tissue encapsulation, and biodegradation. Methods: Guided bone regeneration was performed using either a non-crosslinked (BG) or a crosslinked collagen membrane (CM) in 15 beagle dogs, which were euthanized at 4, 8, and 16 weeks (n=5 each) for histomorphometric analysis. The samples were assessed regarding neovascularization, tissue integration, encapsulation, the remaining membrane area, and pseudoperiosteum formation. The BG and CM groups were compared at different time periods using nonparametric statistical methods. Results: The remaining membrane area of CM was significantly greater than that of BG at 16 weeks; however, there were no significant differences at 4 and 8 weeks. Conversely, the neovascularization score for CM was significantly less than that for BG at 16 weeks. BG exhibited significantly greater tissue integration and encapsulation scores than CM at all time periods, apart from encapsulation at 16 weeks. Pseudoperiosteum formation was observed in the BG group at 16 weeks. Conclusions: Although BG membranes were more rapidly biodegraded than CM membranes, they were gradually replaced by connective tissue with complete integration and maturation of the surrounding tissues to form dense periosteum-like connective tissue. Further studies need to be performed to validate the barrier effect of the pseudoperiosteum.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.359-366
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• 2005

Starch was crosslinked with epichlorohydrin. Crosslinked starch-filled waterborne acrylate (CSWAC) films were prepared by blending this crosslinked starch with waterborne acrylate. The thermal and mechanical properties of these films were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile strength and elongation test. The biodegradability was also studied by determination of reduced sugar products after enzymatic hydrolysis and the surface morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The CSW AC film showed significantly higher tensile strength and elongation than those of starch-filled waterbonre acrylate (SWAC). The biodegradability of this film was higher than that of native starch-filled acrylate film, and was increased by the addition of crosslinked starch to the acrylate film.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.596-603
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• 2008

To improve the mechanical properties, dimensional stability and blood compatibility, the biomedical material $Pellethene^{(R)}$ was blended with multiblock polyurethane (MPU) containing phospopholipid/long alkyl chain (C-18) at the various MPU contents and crosslinked using dicumyl peroxide as a crosslinking agent. The maximum MPU content for stable $Pellethene^{(R)}$/MPU blended films was approximately 30 wt%. The optimum crosslinking agent content and crosslinking time with respect to the mechanical properties were 4 wt% and 3 h, respectively. The mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break) and water absorption of the crosslinked blend film increased with increasing MPU content. The test of platelet adhesion on the surfaces of the crosslinked blend film showed a decrease in the level of platelet adhesion from 70% to 6% with increasing MPU content from 0 to 30 wt%. These results suggest that the crosslinked $Pellethene^{(R)}$/MPU-30 (MPU content: 30 wt%) sample has strong potential as a novel material for blood compatible material applications.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.132-139
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• 1999

Physicochemical properties of the crosslinked potato starches of MDC(Molar Degree of Crosslinking) 0.137~3.333 treated with epichlorohydrin were examined. MDC increased proportionally as epichlorohydrin concentration increased. Water binding capacity increased but blue value decreased with increasing MDC. Gelatinization trends obtained from DSC thermograms and transmittance showed that the gelatinization temperature of the crosslinked potato starch was higher than that of native potato starch, but there was no significant difference among the crosslinked potato starches. Solubility and swelling power decreased with increasing MDC. X ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron micrographs showed that the crosslinking of starch did not affect the crystallinity and the granule shape of starch.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 1999

Aging characteristics of the crosslinked polyethylene have been measured after applying electrical, thermal and combined stresses. ICP and FT-IR measurements confirmed diffusion of low molecular weight components such as antioxidant and presence of carbonyl group. Carbonyl group of aged crosslinked polyethylene under combined stress was detected by FT-IR. As deterioration of the crosslinked polyethylene progresses, crystallinity degree and density decrease. Also, dielectric properties have been measured by tan $\delta$ and $\varepsilon$$_{r}$ measurements. The three-parameter Weibull distribution was found to be the best suited among other probabilistic distribution representing the dielectric breakdown strength of aged crosslinked polyethylene. The scale parameter and location parameter decreases as the applied stress increases. The shape parameter increases as the stress increases.s.