• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.244-248
• /
• 2021

Background: Sunburn is the main avoidable cause of skin cancer. Beach lifeguards spend many hours exposed to the effects of solar radiation during their work day, precisely at times of the year when levels of solar irradiation are highest. The aim of this study is to quantify the risk to beach lifeguards of sun exposure. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the Western Costa del Sol, southern Spain, during the summer of 2018. The research subjects were recruited during a skin cancer prevention course for beach lifeguards. All participants were invited to complete a questionnaire on their habits, attitudes, and knowledge related to sun exposure. In addition, ten were specially monitored using personal dosimeters for three consecutive days, and the results were recorded in a photoprotection diary. A descriptive analysis (mean and standard deviation for the quantitative variables) was performed, and inter-group differences were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Two hundred fifteen lifeguards completed the questionnaire, and 109 met the criteria for inclusion in this analysis. The mean age was 23.8 years (SD: 5.1), 78.0% were male, 71.5% were phototype III or IV (Fitzpatrick's phototype), and 77.1% had experienced at least one painful sunburn during the previous summer. The mean daily personal ultraviolet exposure per day, the minimal erythema dose, and the standard erythema dose, in J/m², were 634.7 [standard deviation (SD): 356.2], 2.5 (SD: 1.4) and 6.35 (SD: 3.6), respectively. Conclusion: Beach lifeguards receive very high doses of solar radiation during the work day and experience correspondingly high rates of sunburn. Intervention strategies to modify their sun exposure behavior and working environment are necessary to reduce the risk of skin cancer for these workers and to promote early diagnosis of the disease.

• 임상간호연구
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.34-44
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the level of Person-centered Critical Care Nursing (PCCN) and the factors influencing PCCN for nurses in Intensive Care Units (ICU). Methods: This study was designed by cross-sectional descriptive correlational study. The participants included 147 ICU nurses in two general hospitals in Seoul, Korea. Demographic characteristics, PCCN, communication skills, professionalism, and work environment were measured. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple linear regression with the SPSS/Win 25.0 program. Results: The average age of the participants was 29.6±4.7 years and the mean work experience in the ICU was 4.67±3.52 years. The level of PCCN was 3.70±0.41, which was moderate to high, and it significantly showed a positive correlation with therapeutic communication skills (r=.66, p<.001), global interpersonal communication competence (r=.42, p<.001), professionalism (r=.38, p<.001), and work environment (r=.16, p=.048). The factors influencing PCCN were identified as therapeutic communication skill and global interpersonal communication competence (Adj R²=.45, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study were confirmed that the strategies to promote PCCN are necessary to enhance therapeutic communication skill and global interpersonal communication competence. In addition, they may be particularly meaningful in providing basic data for nursing education and future intervention development research to promote PCCN for the ICU nurses. For improving PCCN for healthcare providers in ICU, further studies should be conducted to develop education and intervention programs.

• 동서간호학연구지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.157-166
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the relationship between the transcultural self-efficacy (TSE) and cultural competence of nursing students. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 352 nursing students were recruited from two universities in Incheon and Gyeonggi. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA with Scheffe's test, correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean score of TSE was 6.20 (out of 10). The mean score of cultural competence was 4.98 (out of 7). TSE was positively correlated with cultural competence (r=.47, p<.001). The practical domain (β=.18, p=.001) and affective domain (β=.35, p<.001) of TSE had a significant effect on cultural competence. TSE accounted for 22.3% of cultural competence. Conclusion: Educational programs for improving cultural competence should include contents to improve the affective and practical domains of TSH. It is also helpful for subjects with various cultural backgrounds to learn interview skills and nursing skills through practice to reinforce cultural competence.

• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.184-191
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare health management and leisure activities of the Korean and Japanese elderly. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive research design. A total of 149 Korean and 140 Japanese older adults living in two urban-rural composite areas participated in this research project. Data were collected using interviews with the participants. t-test and $x^2$ test were used to analyze the data. Results: Eighty eight point two percent of the Japanese perceived that their health status was good whereas 27.3% of the Koreans responded that their health status was poor. There were significant differences in types of leisure activities in art, intellectual, events, and volunteer activities between the two groups. A majority of the Japanese elderly replied that they spent some time and money for leisure activities; however, 20.2% and 27.2% of the Koreans reported that they did not spend time or money at all for leisure activities. Conclusion: The number of the Korean elderly participating leisure activities was significantly lower than Japanese participants. Developing nursing strategies using leisure programs would improve the quality of life of older adults and the quality of nursing care.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.127-135
• /
• 2009

Purpose: This cross-sectional study was designed to identify anger-expression types in late school-age children and to investigate the relation of anger and the anger-expression type to their eating disorders. Method: Two hundred fifty four children in elementary school were recruited from 14 to 25, April, 2008. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and Tukey's multiple comparison test. Result: Three anger-expression types in late school-age children were found; Anger-in/out, Anger-control, and Low anger-expression types. Children frequently using the anger-out/in type among the three types and with a higher trait anger reported higher eating disorders. Particularly trait anger and unhealthy anger expression type were linked to eating disorders. Conclusion: This study suggests that a specific anger management program needs to be developed for late school-age children with high trait anger and frequently using the anger out/in expression type and Anger-control type than low anger-expression types. Further research needs to be done with large samples and discussed in terms of the role of gender in eating disorders.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.191-201
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the predictors of physical activity between urban and rural dwelling Korean older adults. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey. A self-report questionnaire or face to face interviews were used to collect data from 336 older adults (urban: 129, rural: 207) who visited public health centers or welfare centers in 2008. Results: About half of the participants (urban: 50.4%, rural: 47.3%) were classified as the minimally active group. Cognitive function (odds ratio [OR]=1.106, p=.004) and loneliness (OR=0.965, p=.044) were predicting factors for physical activity in rural elderly. Age (OR=0.326, p=.037), gender (OR=2.841, p=.021) and depression (OR= 0.799, p<.001) were significant factors predicting physical activity in urban elders. Conclusion: These findings provide information that is relevant in designing interventions to enhance physical activity in older adults. There is a need to develop effective mutifaceted physical activity interventions that include reducing psychological barriers such as depression, loneliness.

• 동서간호학연구지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.24-31
• /
• 2008

Purpose: To survey and examine the relationships of self-esteem, family function, and self-efficacy in Chinese-Korean university students, and to provide supplemental data useful in counseling of university students during their adjustment to university life. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire with cross-sectional design was used. Participants were 103 Chinese undergraduate students in one university in Jilin, China. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA with Duncan's test and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data. Results: Mean scores were 3.40 for self-esteem, 2.32 for family function, and 2.93 for self-efficacy. The score for self-esteem differed significantly according to gender, body mass index (BMI), family number, education level of mother, and course of study. The mean score for family function differed significantly according to nursing satisfaction. The mean score for self-efficacy differed significantly according to BMI and nursing satisfaction. Positive correlations were evident between self-esteem and self-efficacy. Conclusions: To promote self-esteem and self-efficacy, development of nursing interventions to support family function is prudent.

• 동서간호학연구지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study was to identify factors to regular exercise among patients with osteoarthritis prior to total knee replacement. Methods: For this cross-sectional descriptive study, the data were collected using questionnaires from 136 patients scheduled for total knee replacement from July 2014 to December. This study aimed to analyse regular exercise status, intensity of physical activity, and factors affecting regular exercise. Results: Twenty two percent of patients expecting for total knee replacement are performing regular exercise and the intensity of it was very low. The use of walking aids, 6-minute walk test, self efficacy for exercise and pain, and quality of life (mental) were significantly associated with regular exercise before surgery. Factors affecting regular exercise were self efficacy for exercise (OR=1.059, CI=1.037-1.091) and 6 minutes walking distance (OR=1.007, CI=1.001-1.014). Conclusion: The results suggest that pre-surgery programs for physical activity and self efficacy were necessary for patients expecting total knee replacement. Regular exercise program could be beneficial for better outcomes after total knee replacement.

• 동서간호학연구지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.16-23
• /
• 2011

Purpose: As anger may be strongly related to stroke, this study examined the relationship between anger expression style (anger-in, anger-out, anger-control) and risk factors for stroke to investigate the possible attribution of anger expression style to stroke incidence. Methods: The cross sectional study design was employed. The 291 participants signed consent forms and completed questionnaires including the anger expression style scales and risk factors for stroke. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test and One-way ANOVA. Results: The highest score among anger expression styles of the participants was from anger-control. Participants with higher mean value of anger-out were current non-smokers, doing regular exercise, having scores above 23 in Body Mass Index, having scores above 90 cm (male) or 80 cm (female) in abdominal circumference, and having scores below 85 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure. Participants with more than 5 risk factors to stroke had the highest score of anger-in. Conclusion: The results of this study implied anger expression style was psychological risk factor for stroke. Further studies to differentiate the anger expression style contributing to the risk of stroke are needed with a longitudinal study design.

• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.207-219
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of suicide attempts and non-attempts of the elderly living alone and the subjects in this study were 690 elderly persons living alone in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. For data analysis, this study used descriptive analysis, mean comparison correlation analysis, and binominal logistic regression analysis using PASW 20.0. To explain the suicide attempts of elderly persons who live alone, variables such as sex, age education level, monthly household income, religion, subjective economic status, subjective health status, ADL/IADL, depression, hopelessness, social support, and stress were used. The findings of the study were as follows: First, 9.2 percent(64) of the elderly living alone had attempted suicide and 90.8 percent(626) had never attempted suicide. Second, monthly household income, hopelessness, and social support were identified as the factors that affected their suicide attempts. In other words, the elderly living alone who had lower monthly household income, less social support, and greater feelings of hoprlessness had made more suicide attempts. As it is a cross-sectional research using data from non-probability sampling, this has a limitation in generality sampling, this has a limitation in generalizing the study results. To overcome this limitation, longitudinal research using data from probability sampling is necessary.