• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.64-76
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• 2006

지난 10여 년 동안 해외 건설시장은 급속도로 변화되어 왔다. 우루과이 라운드 협정과 WTO의 출범은 건설시장의 구조 및 질서를 국제화의 방향으로 변화시켜 왔으며, 이와 더불어 해외건설 프로젝트도 과거의 단순도급형에서 기술력과 자금동원력 및 고도의 관리능력을 요구하는 복잡화, 전문화, 고도화의 방향으로 변화하고 있다. 이러한 세계 건설시장의 환경 변화에 따라 해외건설시장의 기회는 계속 확대되고 있는 반면에, 이에 못지 않게 국내건설시장에 비해 매우 높은 수준의 리스크를 감수해야 하는 양면성을 띄고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 해외건설사업의 수익성에 영향을 미치는 리스크에 대한 체계적인 대응 전략을 마련하기 위해 국내업체가 수행한 136개 해외건설공사를 대상으로 사례조사 및 방문조사를 실시하여 해외건설공사의 수익성에 영향을 미치는 주요 인자를 수행단계별 50개와 부문별 104개 인자로 규명하고, 각 인자의 중요도를 분석하여 중점 관리인자를 도출하였다. 그리고 수익성 영향인자의 통계분석 결과와 문헌조사를 바탕으로 이들 인자간의 인과관계를 사업환경, 수주입찰, 계약협상, 참여주체, 공사관리의 5개 최상위 인자 이하 3단계에 걸쳐 총 340개 인자를 포함하는 계층구조로 정형화구축 해외공사 참여자들이 입찰단계 등 프로젝트 초기 단계에서 보다 체계적으로 리스크를 예측 분석할 수 있는 준거틀을 제공하였다. 또한 도출된 계층구조를 실제 수행되었던 해외공사 30건에 적용시켜 사례분석 함으로써 수익성 정도와 수익성인자 간의 관련성을 유추하여 해외건설공사 실무자가 공사 사전단계에서 리스크를 보다 효과적으로 관리하는데 도움이 될 수 있는 시사점을 제시하였다.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 2006년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.244-258
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• 2006

Previous studies from marketing domain suggest that the concept of involvement plays an important role in explaining consumers' purchase behavior. Despite its critical role and the explosive growth of e-commerce, there has been little research examining the role of involvement in Internet shopping mall context. With this motivation, this study has two research objectives. First, it introduces and tests a theoretical model in order to better explain consumers' intention to purchase in Internet shopping malt context. The proposed model extends and integrates existing models on purchase intention by incorporating purchase experience, innovativeness, and perceived self-control as consumer factors and perceived risk, information provision, and perceived price as Internet shopping mall factors. Second, this study attempts to shed some lights on how involvement differences may affect consumers' intention to purchase. For this purpose, two factors from involvement theory, involvement type and involvement level, are introduced as moderating factors into the research model. The empirical results partly support the proposed model and identify the moderating effect of involvement differences. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed along with its limitations.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제83권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2020

Background: Use of appropriate antibiotics for the treatment of pneumonia is integral in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Although it is recommended that empirical treatment regimens should be based on the local distribution of pathogens in patients with suspected hospital-acquired pneumonia, few studies observe patients admitted to ICUs with nursing home-acquired pneumonia (NHAP). We found factors associated with the use of inappropriate antibiotics in patients with pneumonia admitted to the ICU via the emergency room (ER). Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 83 pneumonia patients with confirmed causative bacteria admitted to ICUs via ER March 2015-May 2017. We compared clinical parameters, between patients who received appropriate or inappropriate antibiotics using the Mann-Whitney U, Pearson's chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests. We investigated independent factors associated with inappropriate antibiotic use in patients using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Among 83 patients, 30 patients (36.1%) received inappropriate antibiotics. NHAP patients were more frequently treated with inappropriate antibiotics than with appropriate antibiotics (47.2% vs. 96.7%, p<0.001). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was more frequently isolated from individuals in the inappropriate antibiotics-treated group than in the appropriate antibiotics-treated group (7.5% vs. 70.0%, p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, NHAP was independently associated with the use of inappropriate antibiotics in patients with pneumonia admitted to the ICU via ER. Conclusion: NHAP is a risk factor associated with the use of inappropriate antibiotics in patients with pneumonia admitted to the ICU via the ER.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권sup1호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Considering the high number of deaths from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Latin American countries, together with multiple factors that increase the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, we aimed to determine 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels and its association with mortality in patients with critical COVID-19. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This was a prospective observational study including adult patients with critical COVID-19. Data, including clinical characteristics and 25(OH)D levels measured at the time of intensive care unit admission, were collected. All patients were followed until hospital discharge or in-hospital death. The patients were divided into those surviving and deceased patient groups, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine independent predictors of in hospital mortality. RESULTS: The entire cohort comprised 94 patients with critical COVID-19 (males, 59.6%; median age, 61.5 years). The median 25(OH)D level was 12.7 ng/mL, and 15 (16%) and 79 (84%) patients had vitamin D insufficiency and vitamin D deficiency, respectively. The median serum 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in deceased patients compared with surviving (12.1 vs. 18.7 ng/mL, P < 0.001). Vitamin D deficiency was present in 100% of the deceased patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, body mass index, other risk factors, and 25(OH)D level were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency was present in 84% of critical COVID-19 patients. Serum 25(OH)D was independently associated with mortality in critical patients with COVID-19.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2020

본 연구목적은 일지역 중소 재활병원 입원환자의 낙상실태 및 위험요인을 규명하고, 낙상예방 간호중재 연구 트랜드를 문헌고찰하여 실제적인 낙상예방 간호중재프로그램을 구상하기 위함이다. 연구방법으로는 낙상실태 및 위험요인을 규명하기 위한 서술적 연구와 실제적 낙상예방 간호중재프로그램 구상을 위한 통합적 문헌고찰을 병행하였다. 연구결과 해당병원의 임상현장 특징이 반영된 낙상실태와 낙상위험요인을 확인하였으며, 문헌고찰을 통해 노년 인구에 민감도가 높은 낙상위험사정도구의 활용과 보다 효과적인 방식의 낙상예방 간호중재를 제안하였다. 결론적으로, 본 연구는 낙상예방 간호중재의 실무근거를 마련하기 위해 통합적 문헌고찰 결과를 기반으로 실제에 맞는 낙상사정도구와 낙상예방 중재프로그램의 선택을 제안하고 이들의 활용 전망을 비춰주었다. 이는 병원낙상 간호에서 비판적사고를 통한 근거기반 간호실무 향상에 기여할 것이다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.655-661
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• 2008

The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children has increased dramatically in recent years. Although AD has genetic determinants, this rapid increase is most likely due to changes in environmental influences--for example, dietary changes. The purpose of this case-control study was to assess the relationship between the risk of developing AD and dietary factors, including eating habits, food intake, and the consumption of various functional foods in children at ages of 7 or 8 years. 143 AD patients and 335 healthy children participated in this study. A mini-dietary assessment was utilized to evaluate the food intake and dietary patterns of the children, and other information, including demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, eating habits, and the frequency of functional food use was collected using a questionnaire. The results demonstrated that, among the demographic and socioeconomic factors assessed in this study, female gender, mother's employment, and the family history of AD significantly increased the risk of AD. However, no differences in dietary habits and specific food intake between AD patients and healthy controls were identified. On the other hand, the frequencies of taking multivitamin supplements, Spirulina, or gamma-linoleic acid were significantly higher in AD patients than in the controls. These data indicate that alterations in eating habits and the intake of certain foods may not be a critical cause associated with the risk of AD in school-age children, and caution should be taken in recommending food elimination diets for the purpose of preventing AD. Further studies are required in order to determine whether the intake of specific nutrients could contribute to the increase or prevention of the development of AD in school-age children.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.318-325
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• 2021

Background: The diagnosis and prediction of prognosis are important in patients with sepsis, and presepsin is helpful. In this study, we aimed to examine the usefulness of presepsin in predicting the prognosis of sepsis in Korea. Methods: Patients diagnosed with sepsis according to the sepsis-3 criteria were recruited into the study and classified into surviving and non-surviving groups based on in-hospital mortality. A total of 153 patients (32 and 121 patients with sepsis and septic shock, respectively) were included from July 2019 to August 2020. Results: Among the 153 patients with sepsis, 91 and 62 were in the survivor and non-survivor groups, respectively. Presepsin (p=0.004) and lactate (p=0.003) levels and the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (p<0.001) were higher in the non-survivor group. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed poor performances of presepsin and lactate in predicting the prognosis of sepsis (presepsin: area under the curve [AUC]=0.656, p=0.001; lactate: AUC=0.646, p=0.003). The SOFA score showed the best performance, with the highest AUC value (AUC=0.751, p<0.001). The prognostic cutoff point for presepsin was 1,176 pg/mL. Presepsin levels higher than 1,176 pg/mL (odds ratio [OR], 3.352; p<0.001), higher lactate levels (OR, 1.203; p=0.003), and higher SOFA score (OR, 1.249; p<0.001) were risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: Presepsin levels were higher in non-survivors than in survivors. Thus, presepsin may be a valuable biomarker in predicting the prognosis of sepsis.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2020

최근 교량은 장대화, 신공법의 도입에 따른 위험요인의 증가로 교량공사에서의 철저한 안전 및 리스크 관리 체계가 필요하다. 공사 현장 주변에 있는 발주자 건설공사 관련자 및 공사와 관련이 없는 제 3자의 기존 재산에 손해를 발생시킬 수 있어 제3자 피해 손실로 인한 리스크가 명확히 분석되어야 함에도 불구하고 연구가 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구는 교량건설 사업에 대한 국내 주요 보험사의 과거 보험료 지급 실적을 토대로 실제 교량 건설에서 제3자 피해 손실로 인한 손실에 대한 교량건설 특성에 따른 리스크 요인을 분석하고, 정량화된 예측 손실 모델을 개발하고자 하였다. 정량적 교량건설 손실모형 개발을 위해 사고 건당 보험지급액을 총공사비로 나눈 손실비율을 종속변수로 선정하였고, 상부구조, 하부구조, 홍수 및 도급순위가 교량건설 중 제3자 피해에 의한 손실비율에 영향을 미치는 지표로 나타났다. 도출된 결과는 건설프로젝트에 대한 손실 평가 모델 개발에 기존의 프로젝트 내부에서 발생한 손실과 더불어 제3자 피해손실을 고려함으로써 더불어 균형 있는 리스크 평가에 필수적인 지침으로 활용할 수 있다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제20권4호통권51호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2005

Earthworm (Eisenia fetida) acute toxicity test was carried out and ecological risk assessment in soil was performed with national monitoring data. 14 day - $LC_{50}$ of nonylphenol and bisphenol A were 288.1 mg/kg and 90.1 mg/kg, respectively. And NOECs of nonylphenol and bisphenol A were 250 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, respectively. Significant weight decrement was appeared at 70 mg/kg of bisphenol A, however, nonylphenol at concentrations tested did not severe adverse effect on the weight decrement. The environmental monitoring has been carrying out by NIER since 1999. Exposure levels of nonylphenol in soil were ND$\sim$10.55 $\mu$g/kg and those of bisphenol A were ND$\sim$15.50$\mu$g/kg in National Monitoring data which had been performed from 2000 to 2004. The measured soil exposure level was applied to evaluate the environmental risk assessment. The values of PNEC for bisphenol A and nonylphenol were determined as 0.5 mg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively using the safety factors which were suggested in EU and OECD. The values of HQ (PEC/PNEC) were determined to be below I for bisphenol A and nonylphenol when the maximum exposure levels for bispheol A (15.50$\mu$g/kg) and nonylphenol (10.55$\mu$g/kg) were applied. Conclusively, the environmental risk assessment of bisphenol A and nonylphenol was not critical in soil.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.84-94
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• 2018

Background: This paper describes a simple-to-use and reliable screening tool called Critical Task Exposure Screening (CTES), developed by a chemical company. The tool assesses if the exposure to a chemical for a task is likely to be within acceptable levels. Methods: CTES is a Microsoft Excel tool, where the inhalation risk score is calculated by relating the exposure estimate to the corresponding occupational exposure limit (OEL) or occupational exposure band (OEB). The inhalation exposure is estimated for tasks by preassigned ART1.5 activity classes and modifying factors. Results: CTES requires few inputs. The toxicological data, including OELs, OEBs, and vapor pressure are read from a database. Once the substance is selected, the user specifies its concentration and then chooses the task description and its duration. CTES has three outputs that may trigger follow-up: (1) inhalation risk score; (2) identification of the skin hazard with the skin warnings for local and systemic adverse effects; and (3) status for carcinogenic, mutagenic, or reprotoxic effects. Conclusion: The tool provides an effective way to rapidly screen low-concern tasks, and quickly identifies certain tasks involving substances that will need further review with, nevertheless, the appropriate conservatism. This tool shows that the higher-tier ART1.5 inhalation exposure assessment model can be included effectively in a screening tool. After 2 years of worldwide extensive use within the company, CTES is well perceived by the users, including the shop floor management, and it fulfills its target of screening tool.