• 논리연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.25-53
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• 2020

홍지호·여영서는 "'부당한 연역 논증'은 형용모순인가?"라는 논문에서 연역 논증과 귀납 논증을 구분하는 기준으로 실현 기준이 아닌 의도 기준을 지지한다. 이 논문은 그들의 주장을 비판하는 것이 목표이다. 나는 그들의 주장이 논증 재구성과 논증 분류[평가]를 헷갈리고 있으며, 의도 기준의 난점을 해명하면서 실현 기준을 들여오고 있다고 주장한다. 그들을 비롯한 대부분의 논리학자들은 논증을 연역, 귀납, 그리고 나쁜 논증으로 나눈다. 나는 연역과 귀납으로 나누어야 한다고 주장한다. 마지막으로 논리 교육에서는 연역과 귀납의 구분을 굳이 가르칠 필요가 없다고 주장한다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.129-139
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to develop criterion scores for the Korean version of the Maternal Behavior Q-set. The Maternal Behavior Q-set was developed as a means of describing maternal behavior at home. This Q-set consists of 90 items which are sorted to reflect the degree of similarity with mother's observed behavior. A mother's sensitives score is the correlation between this description of her behavior with the criterion scores of Maternal sensitivity. The criterion scores of Maternal sensitivity were developed by 10 judges who are cognizant in attachmet theory and maternal behavior in natural contexts. The correlation among each of the 10 judge's maternal sensitivity scores was grater than .72. The maternal sensitivity criterion scores developed for Korean mothers correlated highly with the criterion scores for North American mothers. And the interobservers' correlation of the sensitivity scores ranged between. .47∼.93. According to the items in the Maternal Behavior Q-set judged to be most like and most unlike the prototypically sensitive mothers, "When baby is distressed, mother is able to quickly and accurately identify the source" proved to be the most sensitive maternal behavior item. "Mother seldom speaks to the baby directly" was the least sensitive maternal behavior item.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.455-464
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• 2017

This paper develops a new method for analyzing the structural seismic behavior of single-layer reticulated shells based on exponential strain energy density (ESED). The ESED method reveals a characteristic point from a relationship between ESED sum and peak seismic acceleration. Then, the characteristic point leads to an updated concept of structural failure and an ESED-based criterion for predicting structural failure load. Subsequently, the ESED-based criterion and the characteristic point are verified through numerical analysis of typical single-layer reticulated shells with different configurations and a shaking table test of the scale shell model. Finally, discussions further verify the rationality and application of the ESED-based criterion. The ESED method might open a new way of structural analysis and the ESED-based criterion might indicate a prospect for a unified criterion for predicting seismic failure loads of various structures.

• 아동학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.131-148
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to develop criterion scores for the Korean version of the Attachment Q-set. It further examined distribution of security of attachment scores of Korean infants and differences in attachment scores by the cultural background. The criterion scores of attachment security were developed by 8 judges who are knowledgable in attachment theory and research. They used the Q-set to describe behavior characteristics of ideally secure infants of 12 and 36 months of age. Distribution of the attachment scores was analyzed with 191 infants, compiled from 4 studies including infants selected for this study. The attachment security criterion scores developed for Korean infants correlated highly with the Waters' criterion scores (1987) for American infants, .90 for 12 months and .88 for 36 months of age. Correlations between attachment scores developed for 12-and 36-month-olds was .89. The attachment security scores of the Korean version was a little higher and more negatively skewed than scores calculated using the American criterion. There were significant differences in the security of attachment scores by socioeconomic background of the infants, but not with employment status of the mothers. Infants of nonemployed middle class mothers had significantly higher security of attachment scores than infants of nonemployed lower class mothers. Infants from lower class families had higher "difficulty" scores, and "enjoying physical contact" scores were higher among infants from the middle class.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.179-191
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• 2019

Based on the effective stress principle, a new formula for shear strength of unsaturated soil is derived under the general nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) strength criterion to improve the classical strength criterion of unsaturated soil. Meanwhile, the simple irrigation model under steady seepage is adopted to obtain the distribution of the matrix suction or the degree of saturation (DOS) above the groundwater table in the slope. Then, combined with the improved strength criterion of unsaturated soil and the simple irrigation model under steady seepage, the limit equilibrium (LE) solutions for the unsaturated slope stability are established according to the global LE conditions of the entire sliding body with assumption of the stresses on the slip surface. Compared to the classical strength criterion of unsaturated soil, not only the cohesion soil but also the internal friction angle is affected by the matric suction or the DOS in the improved strength criterion. Moreover, the internal friction angle related to the matric suction has the nonlinear characteristics, particularly for a small of the matric suction. Thereafter, the feasibility of the present method is verified by comparison and analysis on some slope examples. Furthermore, stability charts are also drawn to quickly analyze the unsaturated slope stability.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

In this research, an efficient mixed mode I/II fracture criterion is developed for fracture investigation of orthotropic materials wherein crack is placed along the fibers. This criterion is developed based on extension of well-known Maximum Tensile Stress (MTS) criterion in conjunction with a novel material model titled as Equivalent Reinforced Isotropic Model (ERIM). In this model, orthotropic material is replaced with an isotropic matrix reinforced with fibers. A comparison between available experimental observations and theoretical estimation implies on capability of developed criterion for predicting both crack propagation direction and fracture instance, wherein the achieved fracture limit curves are also compatible with fracture mechanism of orthotic materials. It is also shown that unlike isotropic materials, fracture toughness of orthotic materials in mode $I(K)_{IC}{\mid})$ cannot be introduced as the maximum load bearing capacity and thus new fracture mechanics property, named here as maximum orthotropic fracture toughness in mode $I(K_{IC}{\mid}^{ortho}_{max})$ is defined. Optimum angle between crack and fiber direction for maximum load bearing in orthotropic materials is also defined.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2016

본 연구는 UNESCO 세계유산의 등재기준(vii)의 적용 사례 분석을 토대로 잠정목록에 있는 설악산 지역이 기준(vii)의 심미적 관점에서 세계유산으로 등재될 수 있는 가능성을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 1978~2015년 사이에 등재된 기준(vii)을 포함하는 114개소 자연유산별 등재 타당성 근거에 대한 텍스트 분석을 수행하여 기준(vii)이 내포하는 가치 요소들을 구체화하고 적용 사례를 범주화하였다. 이를 토대로 설악산에 대한 기준(vii)의 적용 가능성을 검토한 결과 첫째, 설악산 지역에는 시각적 아름다움을 국가적으로 인정받은 명승이국립공원들 중 가장 많다는 점에서 시각적 자연미의 가치를 적용해볼 수 있다. 둘째, 설악산에는 비교적 좁은지역 내에서 화강암으로 이루어진 다양한 스케일의 지형경관을 볼 수 있다는 점에서 화강암 지형경관의 종합성 가치를 적용할 수 있다. 마지막으로 설악산 지역에서 지형발달에 따른 산지하천 지형경관을 체계적이고 다양하게 볼 수 있다는 점에서 역시 지형경관의 종합성 가치를 적용할 수 있다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.1172-1182
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• 2002

In the present study a general criterion for local thermal equilibrium is presented in terms of parameters of engineering importance which include the Darcy number, the effective Prandtl number of fluid, and the Reynolds number. For this, an order of magnitude analysis is performed for the case when the effect of convection heat transfer is dominant in a porous structure. The criterion proposed in this study is more general than the previous criterion suggested by Carbonell and Whitaker, because the latter is applicable only when conduction is the dominant heat transfer mode in a porous medium while the former can be applied even when convection heat transfer prevails. In order to check the validity of the proposed criterion for local thermal equilibrium, the forced convection phenomena in a porous medium with a microchanneled structure subject to an impinging jet are studied using a similarity transformation. The proposed criterion is also validated with the existing experimental and numerical results for convection heat transfer in various porous materials that include some of the parameters used in the criterion such as a microchannel heat sink with a parallel flow, a packed bed, a cellular ceramic, and a sintered metal. It is shown that the criterion presented in this work well-predicts the validity of the assumption of local thermal equilibrium in a porous medium.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
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• pp.963-971
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• 2008

Unsaturated soil mechanics has been often used to find out a cause of failure (tensile failure) of retaining walls and hill slopes containing sandy soils. Checking shear strength is a popular method by considering suction stress developed form pore water menisci among the grains and saturated pockets of pore water under negative pressure. Linear Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion is generally adopted as a failure criterion. However, depending on relative density, stress history, and the magnitude of stress, the failure behavior of sand may not follow linear M-C frictional behavior. For stress in the large compressive ranges, say from tens to hundreds of kPa, the linear M-C criterion is an adequate representation for the shear strength behavior of sand. However, less than tens of kPa, the M-C criterion often can not be accurately represented. Depending on failure criterion, the uniaxial tensile strength is different over 100% relative error. For sand behavior under small compression regimes, therefore, such as under low or zero gravity, or under undergoing tensile failure in the crest area of hill slopes or behind retaining walls, it is important to consider the non-linear behavior.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.526-535
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• 2011

중간주응력을 고려할 수 있는 새로운 콘크리트 파괴조건식을 제안하였다. 제안된 파괴조건식은 Mohr-Coulomb 파괴조건식과 Willam-Warnke의 파괴조건식의 장점을 수용하고 있으므로 자오면에서는 선형파괴식으로 나타나고 팔면체응력면에서는 항상 볼록인 궤적을 보이며 특이성을 갖지 않는다. 진삼축압축시험 결과를 이용한 회귀분석을 통하여 제안된 파괴조건식의 적합성을 검증하였다. 제안된 파괴조건식에 기초한 안전율 공식을 정의하고 이를 파일롯 플랜트에 설치된 콘크리트 플러그의 안전도 해석에 이용하였다. 제안된 안전율 공식은 팔면체응력면에서 응력상태 점의 파괴곡면에 대한 접근도를 의미한다. 마지막으로 플러그의 응력분포를 계산하기 위해 파일롯 플랜트에 대한 3차원 응력해석을 실시하였다. 플러그의 응력분포는 제안된 안전율 공식을 이용하여 안전율 분포로 변환시켰다. 콘크리트 플러그의 안전율 분포특성 분석을 통해 테이퍼형 및 쐐기형 플러그의 안전도를 평가하였다.