• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1989.10a
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• pp.260-265
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• 1989

The micro-computer based automatic control of the overhead crane system is designed. Two control methodologies were suggested; the one is the anti-swing controller which improves poor damping characteristics of the crane and the other is the stop-position controller which minimizes the transportation position error. The input speed profile is automatically determined by the pre-programmed digital control algorithm. The experimental results show that these proposed controllers have excellent control performance as compared with those of the uncontrolled crane system.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1365-1370
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• 2004

In this paper, a novel anti-sway control system that uses an inclinometer as a sway sensor is investigated. The inclinometer, when compared with a vision system, is very cheap, durable, and its maintenance is easy. However, it gives almost the same performance. Various observers for estimating the angular velocity of the load and the trolley velocity are presented. A state feedback controller with an integrator is designed. After a time-scale analysis, a 1/4-size pilot crane of the rail-mounted quayside crane is constructed. The performance of the proposed control system was verified with a real rubber-tired gantry crane at a container terminal as well as with the pilot crane constructed. Experimental results are provided.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.126-133
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• 2004

Lots of researches and applications on the automated overhead cranes in shops have been done for some decades, but a few successful results are reported. Integrated crane control systems designed by famous engineering companies are still expensive and are not satisfactory in view of maintenance and reliability. A more reasonable control system fit to requirements of manufacturing industries is suggested in the study. The new deigned system has superior capabilities for anti-sway of rope and position control. The controller for automated operations is composed of a Linux-based PC for non real-time control and a high-speed PLC for hard real-time control. Some algorithms required for coil yard operations as well as main control algorithms such as reference position generation, position control and anti-sway control have been designed and fully tested on the new crane simulator. The designed crane control system showed satisfactory performance on position control accuracy and anti-sway of rope. The maximum positional error is 8mm and the maximum sway error is 0.1 degrees. The suggested control strategies have been successfully applied to the 10-1 crane in No. 4 CGL of in the Kwangyang Steel Works and in commercial operation.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.19 no.1 s.62
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• pp.87-94
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• 2005

This paper investigates the constant-level luffing and time optimal control of jib cranes. The constant-level luffing, which is the sustainment of the load at a constant height during luffing, is achieved by analyzing the kinematic relationship between the angular displacement of a boom and that of the main hoist motor of a jib crane. Under the assumption that the main body of the crane does not rotate, the equations of motion of the boom are derived using Newton's Second Law. The dynamic equations for the crane system are highly nonlinear; therefore, they are linearized under the small angular motion of the load to apply linear control theory. This paper investigates the time optimal control from the perspective of no-sway at a target point. A stepped velocity pattern is used to design the moving path of the jib crane. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the time optimal control, in terms of anti-sway motion of the load, while luffing the crane.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.630-639
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• 1999

To achieve fast loading and unloading of containers from a container ship, quick suppression of the remaining sway motion of the container at the end of each trolley stroke is crucial. Due to the pendulum motion of the container and disturbances like sind, residual sway always exists at the end of trolley movement. In this paper, the sway-control problem of a container crane is investigated. A two-stage control is proposed. The first stage is a time optimal controlfor the purpose of fast trolley traveling. The second stage is a nonlinear control for the quick suppression of residual sway, which starts right after the first stage while lowering the container. The nonlinear control is investigated in the perspective of controlling an underatuated mechanical system, which combines partial feedback linearization to account for the known nonlinearities as much as possible, and variable structure control to account for the unmodeled dynamics and disturbances. Simulation and experimental results are provided.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.2076-2080
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• 2005

Study in this paper concerns the optimal $H_{2}$ integral servo problems for linear crane model systems via the constraints of the derivatives of state variables added to the standard constraints. It is shown in the paper that the derivative state constrained optimal $H_{2}$ integral servo problems can be reduced to the standard optimal $H_{2}$ control problem. The main subject of the paper is to apply the results of derivative state constrained $H_{2}$ integral servo theorem in crane system. The effect of our proposed controller with respect to mitigate an under damping for crane model system is also verified.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1990.10a
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• pp.292-297
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• 1990

An anti-swing controller for an overhead crane in the stop position is designed. The developed anti-swing controller improves on the poor damping characteristics of overhead crane by feeding back the crane acceleration as a function of swing angular speed. The experimental results show that this crane using the proposed controller yields small stop position error and rapid damping response characteristics.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.1871-1875
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• 1997

Crane operation is manually accomplished by skilled operators. Recently, the concept of automation is widely introduced in shipping and unloading operation using the overhead crane for the enhanced productivity. In this regards, we designed an angle detector and 3D position detectro which are key evices for this operation. As well as an intellignet control algorithm is developed for the implementation of swing free crane. The performance of the presented algorithm is tested for the swing angle and the position of the overheas crand. The control scheme adopts a feedback control of an angular velocity of swing in initial phase and then the fuzzy controller whose rule base is optimized by a genetic algorithm.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.2474-2479
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• 2005

The control objectives in this paper are to move the gantry of a container crane to its target position and to suppress the transverse vibration of the payload. The crane system is modeled as an axially moving nonlinear string equation, in which control inputs are applied at both ends, through the gantry and the payload. The dynamics of the moving string are derived using Hamilton's principle. The Lyapunov function method is used in deriving a boundary control law, in which the Lyapunov function candidate is introduced from the total mechanical energy of the system. The performance of the proposed control law is compared with other two control algorithms available in the literature. Experimental results are given.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.385-390
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• 2015

Quay cranes are considered core equipment for container terminal operation. However, unmanned operation systems have not as yet been announced due to the technological difficulties of implementation. In this paper, we developed a wireless controller to control a quay crane simulator remotely and conducted its performance test, a first step toward unmanned operation of quay cranes. The communication delay of a developed wireless controller was about 9.4ms on average while that of existing wired controllers was about 5.6ms. The same functions were implemented and tested on a smart phone where the average communication delay was 7.3ms. In addition, to apply the developed system into a real environment, we proposed a network architecture based on IEEE 802.11ac and carried out its performance evaluation. When the distance between two nodes was 50m apart, the throughputs of the TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) were 57Mbps and 189Mbps, respectively. The communication delay of the control data was 9.1ms through the TCP channel. These results reveal the proper working of remote quay crane operation if we adopt the IEEE 802.11ac network.