• Advances in nano research
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.143-168
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• 2015

Initiation of crack and its growth simulation requires accurate model of traction - separation law. Accurate modeling of traction-separation law remains always a great challenge. Atomistic simulations based prediction has great potential in arriving at accurate traction-separation law. The present paper is aimed at establishing a method to address the above problem. A method for traction-separation law prediction via utilizing atomistic simulations data has been proposed. In this direction, firstly, a simpler approach of common neighbor analysis (CNA) for the prediction of crack growth has been proposed and results have been compared with previously used approach of threshold potential energy. Next, a scheme for prediction of crack speed has been demonstrated based on the stable crack growth criteria. Also, an algorithm has been proposed that utilizes a variable relaxation time period for the computation of crack growth, accurate stress behavior, and traction-separation atomistic law. An understanding has been established for the generation of smoother traction-separation law (including the effect of free surface) from a huge amount of raw atomistic data. A new curve fit has also been proposed for predicting traction-separation data generated from the molecular dynamics simulations. The proposed traction-separation law has also been compared with the polynomial and exponential model used earlier for the prediction of traction-separation law for the bulk materials.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 영상 처리 기법의 히스토그램 분석을 이용하여 콘크리트 구조물 표면의 최대 균열 폭을 평가하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 콘크리트 표면 균열에 대한 영상을 촬영하고, 촬영된 영상을 회색 영상 및 이진화 영상으로 변환하였다. 이진화된 영상은 팽창과 침식이 적용된 후 레이블링을 통하여 분리된 객체로 인식된다. 콘크리트 표면은 시간이 경과함에 따라 먼지와 얼룩 등이 발생될 수 있으며, 촬영 조건에 따라 그림자 및 조명 반사가 포함될 수 있다. 또한, 콘크리트 균열은 연속적인 형상으로 발생되는 반면에 잡음은 점의 형태로 나타난다. 이러한 영향을 제거하기 위하여 이진화 과정은 양방향 블러와 적응적 경계를 적용하였으며, 레이블링된 영역에 대하여 면적비를 통한 잡음 제거를 수행하였다. 잡음이 제거된 각각의 균열 객체는 히스토그램 분석을 통하여 x축과 y축에 대한 최대값 및 그 위치가 연산되고, 분리된 객체에 대한 각각의 최대값 위치에서 삼각비를 통하여 균열 폭을 평가하게 된다. 제안된 방법에 의해 평가된 최대 균열 폭은 균열 게이지에 의해 계측된 값과 비교 분석되었다. 본 연구에 의해서 제안된 방법은 콘크리트 표면 영상에 대한 균열 폭 평가에 신뢰성을 향상 시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.430-435
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 유리섬유강화 복합재료 가스실린더의 복합재료의 파괴시 발생하는 음향방출신호의 특성을 살펴보기 위하여 실린더의 외부를 감싸고 있는 복합재료를 유리섬유묶음과 시편으로 가공하여 파괴시험을 실시하였다. 유리섬유묶음에 칼날을 압입하여 유리섬유가 파괴될 때 발생한 음향방출 신호의 진폭은 칼날의 절단각도가 커짐에 따라 유리섬유의 절단면이 증가되어 음향방출신호의 진폭이 증가되는 것으로 판단된다. 또한 복합재료 시편파괴시 감긴방향 파괴는 수직방향 파괴에 비해 hit 수는 적지만 섬유 절단각이 커짐에 따라 진폭은 높게 나타났다. 섬유감긴방향으로 시편파괴시 신호문턱값을 32 dB로 설정했을 경우는 40 dB로 설정했을 때는 나타나지 않았던 기지파괴 신호가 급격하게 나타나는 것으로 보아 기지파괴시 신호진폭은 40 dB 이하이고 유리섬유 파괴신호의 진폭은 40 dB이상 임을 알 수 있었다. 음향방출 신호의 진폭기울기는 음향방출원과 관련이 있으며, 섬유감긴방향으로 칼날을 압입했을 때 그 기울기는 0.08이고 수직방향일 때는 0.16로 구분되었다. 특히 수직방향 파괴의 경우 유리섬유묶음의 절단시 나타나는 진폭 기울기와 유사하여 시편의 수직방향파괴시 발생하는 신호의 주 음향방출원은 유리섬유파괴로 추정할 수 있다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2008년도 춘계종합학술대회 A
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• pp.579-584
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• 2008

고속철도 차륜의 미소결함을 고속 고공간 분해 능으로 측정할 수 있는 새로운 비파괴검사법이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구는 종래의 스캔형 자기카메라를 개선하여, 다중증폭회로와 결함표시를 위한 펄스 발생기를 장착한 신호처리회로를 제안한다. 홀센서를 선형으로 배열하고, 배열의 직각방향으로 차륜이 정속으로 회전하게 하면, 차륜의 답면을 검사할 수 있다. 각각의 홀전압을 증폭하고, AD변환기를 통하여 $\mu$-processor에 의하여 시간에 따른 전압차, 즉 ${\partial}V_H/{\partial}t$를 연산한다. ${\partial}V_H/{\partial}t$가 결함의 존재를 의미하는 비교치보다 클 때 pulse 신호가 발생하여 결함을 지시한다. 휠 시험편을 이용하여 제안된 방법을 검증하였다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.125-137
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• 1989

To check technical improvement in the soundness and strength of 12% Cr steel rotor, a 25 tons of rotor with 65 tons of ingot was made in real size and was cut to pieces to take test samples, and the various mechanical tests such as impact, tensile, creep, and fatigue were carried out. The strengths are compared with those of 1% Cr-Mo-V rotor of same size. Microstructures of the samples are examined and reviewed. The results can be summarized as follows. 1) Fracture appearance transition temperatures are 80.deg. C at the center part and 60.deg. C near surface of 12% Cr rotor, and 8.deg. C near surface of 1% Cr-Mo-V rotor. 2) Comparative rapid softening occurs at higher temperatures above 600.deg. C for 12% Cr steel and 550.deg. C for 1% Cr-Mo-V steel in tension tests. 3) Fatigue crack propagation rate of 12% Cr steel is almost same as that of 1% Cr-Mo-V steel at the same corresponding surface part of the rotors. The crack growth rate of center part of 12% Cr rotor is faster than near surface part of the rotor, and the crack growth rate at the load condition of R=0.04 is slower than that of the load condition of R=0.5 for both 12% Cr steel and 1% Cr-Mo-V steel. 4) Crack growth rate of radial direction near surface of 12% Cr rotor is faster than that of transverse direction at the same part because of the difference in residual stresses. 5) Both creep and fatigue strengths of 12% Cr steel are superior to those of 1% Cr-Mo-V steel and the difference is thought the effect of climb and glide controlled creep by solid solution of alloying elements and dispersion of carbides.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.625-625
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• 1989

To check technical improvement in the soundness and strength of 12% Cr steel rotor, a 25 tons of rotor with 65 tons of ingot was made in real size and was cut to pieces to take test samples, and the various mechanical tests such as impact, tensile, creep, and fatigue were carried out. The strengths are compared with those of 1% Cr-Mo-V rotor of same size. Microstructures of the samples are examined and reviewed. The results can be summarized as follows. 1) Fracture appearance transition temperatures are 80.deg. C at the center part and 60.deg. C near surface of 12% Cr rotor, and 8.deg. C near surface of 1% Cr-Mo-V rotor. 2) Comparative rapid softening occurs at higher temperatures above 600.deg. C for 12% Cr steel and 550.deg. C for 1% Cr-Mo-V steel in tension tests. 3) Fatigue crack propagation rate of 12% Cr steel is almost same as that of 1% Cr-Mo-V steel at the same corresponding surface part of the rotors. The crack growth rate of center part of 12% Cr rotor is faster than near surface part of the rotor, and the crack growth rate at the load condition of R=0.04 is slower than that of the load condition of R=0.5 for both 12% Cr steel and 1% Cr-Mo-V steel. 4) Crack growth rate of radial direction near surface of 12% Cr rotor is faster than that of transverse direction at the same part because of the difference in residual stresses. 5) Both creep and fatigue strengths of 12% Cr steel are superior to those of 1% Cr-Mo-V steel and the difference is thought the effect of climb and glide controlled creep by solid solution of alloying elements and dispersion of carbides.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.374-379
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• 2002

Corrosion fatigue tests were carried out to clarify the influence of acid fog as environmental factor on the fatigue strength of SM55C using rotary bending fatigue tester. The fatigue strength of acid fog specimen extremely decreased about 80% compared to that of distilled water specimen. In acid fog environment, a number of cracks commenced at corrosion pit and coalesced with the adjacent cracks during they propagate, and they formed a single non-propagating circumferential crack under the endurance stress of N=5$\times$10$\^$7/ cycles. Also, the depth of the crack is smaller than that of normal fatigue crack, so the crack has a veil small aspect ratio. The reason of this peculiar crack growth characteristics is that the crack opening-closure behaviors are hindered by corrosion products on the surface crack faces, and hence it is thinkable that the strong corrosion action like anodic dissolution for crack growth in depth direction is weaker compared with surface, resulting from faint pumping action of crack during loading-shedding processes.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권12호
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• pp.2949-2957
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• 2020

Fatigue crack growth model has been developed for dissimilar metal weld joints of a piping component under cyclic loading, where in the crack is located at the center of the weld in the circumferential direction. The fracture parameter, Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) has been computed by using principle of superposition as K_H + K_M. K_H is evaluated by assuming that, the complete specimen is made of the material containing the notch location. In second stage, the stress field ahead of the crack tip, accounting for the strength mismatch, the applied load and geometry has been characterized to evaluate SIF (K_M). For each incremental crack depth, stress field ahead of the crack tip has been quantified by using J-integral (elastic), mismatch ratio, plastic interaction factor and stress parallel to the crack surface. The associated constants for evaluation of K_M have been computed by using the quantified stress field with respect to the distance from the crack tip. Net SIF (K_H + K_M) computed, has been used for the crack growth analysis and remaining life prediction by Paris crack growth model. To validate the model, SIF and remaining life has been predicted for a pipe made up of (i) SA312 Type 304LN austenitic stainless steel and SA508 Gr. 3 Cl. 1. Low alloy carbon steel (ii) welded SA312 Type 304LN austenitic stainless-steel pipe. From the studies, it is observed that the model could predict the remaining life of DMWJ piping components with a maximum difference of 15% compared to experimental observations.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to investigate the capacity of epoxy injection method using low pressure mixed with high pressure. Injection depth test and flexural strength test were respectively performed on $40{\times}45{\times}35$ cm and $100{\times}10{\times}40$ cm specimens. Considered as the test variables were injection type(low pressure, low and high pressure), crack width(0.25 mm, 0.50 mm), injection direction(upper, lower, side), and epoxy viscosity(low, medium, high). Test results showed that low viscosity epoxy injection depth of injector using low pressure mixed with high pressure for upper direction were 23 cm and tension strength of crack face repaired by injector using low pressure mixed with high pressure was larger than that of concrete.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2014

To analyze the tension performance of laminated rubber bearings under tensile loading, a theoretical tension model for analyzing the rubber bearings is proposed based on the theory of elasticity. Applying the boundary restraint condition and the assumption of incompressibility of the rubber (Poisson's ratio of the rubber material is about 0.5 according the existing research results), the stress and deformation expressions for the tensile rubber layer are derived. Based on the derived expressions, the stress distribution and deformation pattern especially for the deformation shapers of the free edges of the rubber layer are analyzed and validated with the numerical results, and the theory of cracking energy is applied to analyze the distributions of prediction cracking energy density and gradient direction. The prediction of crack initiation and crack propagation direction of the rubber layers is investigated. The analysis results show that the stress and deformation expressions can be used to simulate the stress distribution and deformation pattern of the rubber layer for laminated rubber bearings in the elastic range, and the crack energy method of predicting failure mechanism are feasible according to the experimental phenomenon.