• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.285-293
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• 2021

High-entropy TiAlCrSiN nano-composite coating was designed to improve mold life for high temperature liquid molding. Alloy design, powder fabrication and single alloying target fabrication for the high-entropy nano-composite coating were carried out. Using the single alloying target, an arc ion plating method was applied to prepare a TiAlCrSiN nano-composite coating had a 30 nm TiAlCrSiN layers are deposited layer by layer, and form about 4 ㎛-thickness of multi-layered coating. TiAlCrSiN nano-composite coating had a high hardness of about 39.9 GPa and a low coefficient of friction of less than about 0.47 in a dry environment. In addition, there was no change in the structure of the coating after the dissolution loss test in the molten metal at a temperature of about 1100 degrees.

• 청정기술
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 강산성 상태에 있는 고농도의 6가 크롬 도금 폐수를 환원 및 중화의 방법으로 처리하였다. 환원제로는 강산성 상태에서 급격히 빠른 속도로 6가 크롬을 3가 크롬으로 환원시키는 황산제일철($FeSO_4$)이 사용되었고, 원수의 크롬농도에 대해 몰비로 3배의 양이 필요한 것으로 확인되었다. 환원된 3가 크롬은 석회석이 충진되어 있는 회분식 석회석탑에서 폭기에 의해 중화되었고, pH 5.0 이상으로 중화되었을 때 효과적으로 불용성의 크롬수산화물 플럭으로 형성되어 제거되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 결과들을 기초로 환원조, 석회석탑, 침전/여과조로 이루어진 6가 크롬 제거 연속공정을 개발하였고, 이 공정을 통해 6가 크롬 폐수의 연속적인 처리를 실행하였다. 석회석탑 내에서의 pH 조건이 pH 5.0 부근에서 일정하게 유지되었고, 그것으로 인해 불용성의 크롬 수산화물 플럭이 효과적으로 형성되었다. 석회석탑에서 침전조로 유도된 플럭은 침전조 내부에 부착된 1450 매쉬 크기의 기공을 지닌 금속 분리막에 의해 최종 처리수와 분리되었고, 막 여과 가동 30분 후부터 배출 허용기준을 만족시키는 크롬 농도 0.25~0.90 mg/l의 최종 처리수를 얻을 수 있었다. 막의 역세척 주기는 초기에 급격히 감소하였고, 이후에는 안정적으로 유지되었다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2001년도 제21회 학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.101-101
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• 2001

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.238-242
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• 2010

In the present work, the influence of oxide on the Cr-Si-N coatings was investigated for the Cr-Si-O-N coatings on AISI 304 and Si wafer deposited by hybrid system, which combines the DC magnetron sputtering technique and arc ion plating (AIP) using Cr and Si target in an $Ar/N_2/O_2$ gaseous mixture. As the O content in the Cr-Si-N coatings increased, the diffraction patterns of the Cr-Si-O-N coatings showed CrN and $Cr_2O_3$ phases. However, as the O content increased to 28.8 at.%, diffraction peak of $Cr_2O_3$ was disappeared in the Cr-Si-O-N coating. The $d_{200}$ value was decreased with increasing of O content. The average grain size increased from about 40 nm to 65 nm as the O content increased. The maximum micro-hardness of the Cr-Si-O-N coating was obtained 4507 Hk at the O content of 24.8 at.%. The average friction coefficient of the Cr-Si-O-N coatings was gradually decreased by increasing the O content and the average friction coefficient decreased from 0.37 to 0.25 by increasing the O content. These results indicated that amorphous phase was increased in the Cr-Si-O-N coatings by increasing of O content.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.3-11
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• 1977

3가크롬 鍍金法은 6가크롬 鍍金法의 諸 欠点을 克服할 수 있다는 事실이 알려져 外國에서는 오래 前 부터 工業的 실用化를 위한 硏究가 活潑하게 行하여 졌고, 이중 최근에 發表된 Alecra 3 process는 電着諸特性이 뛰어난 方法으로 裝飾크롬 鍍金 分野에 利用되고 있다고 한다. 本 硏究는 Alecra 3 process의 浴 組成中 개미산칼륨으로, 염화칼륨을 염화나트륨으로 大替한 浴의 電着諸特性을 調査하고 最適 염化크롬의 濃度와 錯化比를 함께 調査하여 다음과 간은 結果를 얻었다. (1) 外觀, 被覆性,均一電着性 및 平均 電析 速度 등은 염화크롬 濃度가 0.4 mol일때 가장 良好하였다. (2) 개미산나트륨 대 염화크롬의 mol比는 염화크롬이 0.4 mol일때 2~3이 比較的 良好한 電着諸特性을 보여 주었다. (3) 개미산나트륨 및 염화나트륨 含有한 鍍金浴의 電着諸特性은 Alecra 3 Process의 特性과 비슷하였다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제50권8호
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• pp.549-556
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• 2012

The tribological behavior of CrMoN films with respect to surface chemistry was investigated by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). All of the films were prepared from a hybrid PVD system consisting of DC unbalanced magnetron (UBM) sputtering and arc ion plating (AIP) sources. The tribological property of the films was evaluated by a friction coefficient using a Ball-on-disk type tribometer. The chemistry of wear track was analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and XPS. The friction coefficient was measured to be 0.4 for the CrMoN film, which is lower than that of a monolithic CrN film. EDS and XPS results imply the formation of an oxide layer on the coating surface, which was identified as molybdenum oxide phases, known to be a solid lubricant during the wear test.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2002년도 춘계 국제 학술대회
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• pp.40.1-43
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new sampling and analytical method for the determination of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI) in mist from field plating operation. The Procedures of this new method (Shin & Paik's Method) are as the following: Airborne hexavalent chromium is collected on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) filter according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Method 7600, and the filter sample is placed in a screw-capped vial and soaked with 2％ NaOH/3％ Na₂CO₃ solution immediately after sampling. The Cr(VI) sample is analyzed by ion chromatography/visible spectrophotometry (IC/VS) according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 218.6. The airborne Cr(VI) concentrations measured by this method were compared with those determined by three reference methods: One (NIOSH/EPA Method) consisted of sampling airborne Cr(VI) on PVC filters and storing the sample filters in screw-capped vials according to the NIOSH method, and analyzing Cr(VI) in samples using IC/VS according to the EPA method. The second method (Impinger Method/NaHCO₃) consisted of absorbing airborne Cr(VI) into 0.02 MN/sub a/Hco₃ solution in midget impinger, and analyzing the Cr(VI) in samples using IC/VS. The third method was the OSHA Method Id-215. Using these four different methods, four replicates of air samples were collected at an electroplating process and analyzed simultaneously. Two-way ANOVA and Paired t-test were used to test difference among values determined by the methods. There was no significant difference and a strong correlation (r/sup 2/=0.99) between Cr(VI) concentrations measured by the shin & Paik's Method and an impinger method (p＞0.05). However, Cr(VI) concentrations determined by Shin & Paik's Method were Significantly different form those by the NIOSH/EPA Method (p＜0.05) or the OSHA method (p＜0.05). The Cr(VI) concentrations of Shin & Paik's Method were Significantly higher than those of the NIOSH/EPA Method or the OSHA method. We concluded that the Shin & Paik's Method could prevent Cr(VI) losses caused by reduction and give more reliable results of airborne Cr(VI) concentrations in work environments.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new sampling and analytical method for the determination of airborne hexavalent chromium, Cr(Ⅵ), in a field plating operation. The procedures of this new method (Shin & Paik's Method) are as the following: Airborne hexavalent chromium is collected on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) filter according to the National Institute iota Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Method 7600, and the filler sample is placed in a screw-capped vial and soaked with 2% NaOH/3% Na₂CO₃ solution immediately after sampling. The Cr(Ⅵ) sample is analyzed by ion chromatography/visible spectrophotometry (IC/VS) according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 218.6. The airborne Cr(Ⅵ) concentrations measured by this method were compared with those determined by three reference methods: One (NIOSH/EPA Method) consisted of sampling airborne Cr(Ⅵ) on PVC filters and storing the sample filters in strew-capped vials according to the NIOSH method, and analyzing Cr(Ⅵ) in samples using IC/VS according to the EPA method. The second method (Impinger Method/NaHCO₃) consisted of absorbing airborne Cr(Ⅵ) into 0.02 M NaHCO₃ solution in midget impinger, and analyzing the Cr(Ⅵ) in samples using IC/VS. The third method was the OSHA Method ID-215. Using these four different methods, lour replicates of air samples were collected at an electroplating process and analyzed simultaneously. Two-way ANOVA and paired t-test were used to test difference among values determined by the methods. There was no significant difference and a strong correlation (r²:0.99) between Cr(Ⅵ) concentrations measured by the Shin & Paik's Method and an impinger method (p>0.05). However, Cr(Ⅵ) concentrations determined by Shin & Paik's Method were significant1y different from those by the NIOSH/EPA Method (p<0.05) or the OSHA method (p<0.05). The Cr(Ⅵ) concentrations of Shin & Paik's Method were significantly higher than those of the NIOSH/EPA Method or the OSHA method. This result indicated that the Shin & Paik's Method may prevent Cr(Ⅵ) losses caused by reduction and give more reliable results of airborne Cr(Ⅵ) concentrations in work environments.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2019

열 사이클 조건이 전해 Cr/Ni-P 이중도금 시편의 접합강도 및 균열성장거동에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 전해 Ni-P 도금층을 열처리를 통해 결정화 시킨 후 전해 Cr 도금 후 한번 더 열처리한 결과, Cr/Ni-P 계면에서 상호확산으로 인해 Cr-Ni 고용체 band layer가 관찰되었다. 열 사이클 전 접합강도는 25.6 MPa이였으나, 1,000사이클 후 Cr 도금층의 균열 밀도 및 표면 거칠기 증가로 인해 도금층과 접착제 사이의 기계적 고착효과가 향상되어 접착제와 Cr 도금층 사이에서 박리되었고, 접합강도는 47.6 MPa로 점차적으로 증가하였다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.339-344
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• 2017

Highly corrosion resistance performance of CrAlSiN coatings were obtained by applying ultrathin $Al_2O_3$ thin films using atomic layer deposition (ALD) method. CrAlSiN coatings were prepared on Cr adhesion layer/SUS304 substrates by a hybrid coating system of arc ion plating and high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) method. And, ultrathin $Al_2O_3$ passivation layer was deposited on the CrAlSiN/Cr adhesion layer/SUS304 sample to protect CrAlSiN coatings by encapsulating the whole surface defects of coating using ALD. Here, the high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) analysis revealed that the ALD $Al_2O_3$ thin films uniformly covered the inner and outer surface of CrAlSiN coatings. Also, the potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarization test revealed that the corrosion protection properties of CrAlSiN coatings/Cr/SUS304 sample was greatly improved by ALD encapsulation with 50 nm-thick $Al_2O_3$ thin films, which implies that ALD-$Al_2O_3$ passivation layer can be used as an effect barrier layer of corrosion.