• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.733-736
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• 1992

Different parameters of subclinical mastitis were compared in 327 cattle and 493 buffaloes and the effect of immunopotentiating agents on subclinical mastitis in these animals was studied. Subclinical mastitis was detected in 8.2 percent buffalo and 24.0 percent cow quarter by modified whiteside test (MWT). In both the species there was decrease in lactose contents with increase in the degree of MWT reactivity i.e. $4.8{\pm}1.14$ to $2.31{\pm}0.82$ in cattle and $5.01{\pm}1.47$ to $2.36{\pm}1.02$ in buffaloes. While the chloride contents of the milk increased with increase in the MWT reactivity i.e. $0.19{\pm}0.4$ to $0.30{\pm}0.06$ in cattle and $0.20{\pm}0.04$ to $0.31{\pm}0.13$ in buffaloes. Micro-organisms belonging to Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Bacillus, Streptococcus, Enterobacteria, Corynebacterium groups and yeasts were isolated from subclinical mastitis cases. Vitamin E and Levamisole cured 64.5 and 60.0 percent cases of subclinical mastitis in buffaloes but only 32.0 and 24.0 percent cases in cattle. Cure was not affected by the degree of MWT and the type of organisms involved.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.495-503
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• 1992

The internal and external outputs of the agricultural sub-systems of mixed livestock-crop farms in Pabna Bangladesh were analysed, to clarify the multiple functions of cattle in farm systems. Production systems with grazing areas were relatively more productive than those with no grazing. There was a tremendous variation in farm income, largely because of land area. An increase of one ha in land area was estimated to boost farm income by about 50%. Number of cattle, cattle off-take percentage and milk off-take per average cow related positively to farm income. As land area decreased the relative importance of cattle production increased. Crops were dominant in producing food for home consumption. Cattle contributed only 5-6 per cent to home consumption. Cattle supplied a significant cash income: 45 per cent in the villages with grazing areas and 57 per cent in the other villages. In future, the cash output from cattle will decline and emphasis will shift to the role of cattle in supporting crop production. Any research or development strategy for livestock needs to focus first on the importance of the complex relation between livestock and crops.

• 센서학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.132-141
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• 2007

The purpose this research is to develop QCM (quartz crystal microbalance) biosensor for the determination of haptoglobin. Haptoglobin is an acute-phase protein with a hemoglobin-binding activity and has a potential to be used as a biomarker for infection or cancer. Haptoglobin level in milk has been used for the diagnosis of cow mastitis. In this study, anti-bovine haptoglobin antibody or bovine hemoglobin was chemically immobilized on the surface of the QCM, and the resulting sensor chips were tested for their response to samples containing haptoglobin at different concentrations. Concentration dependent frequency change was observed with both of the sensor chips. Especially, the sensor chip containing anti-bovine haptoglobin antibody showed sufficient sensitivity in the concentrations typically observed in the cows with mastitis.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2012

Objective : "Sikryochanyo"written by Jeon Soonyi is the first Food-Therapy book at Korea. In "Sikryochanyo", there are many kinds of food-Therapy including prescriptions for thirst disease. Conception of hirst disease in traditional mendicine contains diabetes in some aspects. One of the Ingeative methods in diabetes limits taking protein but "Sikryochanyo" shows several prescriptions including protein. Method : We will try to find out cases of Food-therapy for thirst disease in "Sikryochanyo" and classify several prescriptions including protein. Result : In "Sikryochanyo", several prescriptions for thirst disease including protein were treated as materia medica widely such as stomach of cow and pig, intestine of pig, head of dear, rabbit, chicken, goose, pheasant, milk and lung of sheep. Conclusion : On several types of prescriptions for thirst disease including protein there are plenty of usage with its own effectiveness.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.1811-1814
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• 2009

귀리추출물에 L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 또는 S. salivarius subsp. thermophilus를 단일균주로 발효한 것에 비하여 L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus와 S. salivarius subsp. thermophilus를 혼합하여 발효하는 경우에는 미생물균수와 산 생성이 증가하였다. pH의 변화에서도 S. salivarius subsp. thermophilus의 경우가 L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus보다 더 낮은 pH를 나타내었으며, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus와 S. salivarius subsp. thermophilus를 혼합하여 발효하는 경우에는 pH가 더 빠르게 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 우유를 원료로 한 요구르트의 경우처럼 귀리추출물의 젖산발효에서도 L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus와 S. salivarius subsp. thermophilus의 두 균주 간에 생육촉진 현상이 있음을 의미하는 결과로 해석될 수 있는데 그 정도는 매우 적었다. 본 실험에서 S. salivarius subsp. thermophilus의 미생물균수와 산 생성이 더 증가한 반면 pH는 더 낮은 이유는 L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus에 비하여 귀리추출물에 더 잘 적응하였기 때문이라고 생각된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권9호
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• pp.368-372
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• 2011

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most critical morbidities in preterm infants. The incidence of NEC is 7% in very-low-birthweight infants, and its mortality is 15 to 30%. Infants who survive NEC have various complications, such as nosocomial infection, malnutrition, growth failure, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, and neurodevelopmental delays. The most important etiology in the pathogenesis of NEC is structural and immunological intestinal immaturity. In preterm infants with immature gastrointestinal tracts, development of NEC may be associated with a variety of factors, such as colonization with pathogenic bacteria, secondary ischemia, genetic polymorphisms conferring NEC susceptibility, anemia with red blood cell transfusion, and sensitization to cow milk proteins. To date, a variety of preventive strategies has been accepted or attempted in clinical practice with regard to the pathogenesis of NEC. These strategies include the use of breast feeding, various feeding strategies, probiotics, prebiotics, glutamine and arginine, and lactoferrin. There is substantial evidence for the efficacy of breast feeding and the use of probiotics in infants with birth weights above 1,000 g, and these strategies are commonly used in clinical practice. Other preventive strategies, however, require further research to establish their effect on NEC.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.621-628
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• 1997

This study aimed to quantify the impact of crossbreeding at farm level, in mixed farm systems in Gujarat. Households with crossbred cattle did not differ from households without crossbreds in terms of farm resources, crop gross margins and off-farm income. The use of crossbred animals did increase livestock gross margins by 64% and household income by 22%. The three agro-ecological zones included in this study differed considerably according to farm system and household income. However, in all three zones, households with crossbreds had higher livestock gross margins than households without crossbreds. There was no real difference in work load and labour division between households with and without crossbreds. There was also no difference in the use of bullocks for draught purposes between the two types of households. In particular buffaloes are being replaced by crossbred cattle. There was a large variation in farm income, largely because of land area. The milk offake per average cow and the number of buffaloes also related positively to farm income in both types of households. Crossbreeding has proved technically and financially viable in different Gujarat mixed farming systems. It can be concluded that crossbreeding is an important development option for landless farmers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.1699-1713
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• 2020

Bovine mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland, is the most common disease of dairy cattle causing economic losses due to reduced yield and poor quality of milk. The etiological agents include a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and can be either contagious (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Mycoplasma spp.) or environmental (e.g., Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Streptococcus uberis). Improving sanitation such as enhanced milking hygiene, implementation of post-milking teat disinfection, maintenance of milking machines are general measures to prevent new cases of mastitis, but treatment of active mastitis infection is dependant mainly on antibiotics. However, the extensive use of antibiotics increased concerns about emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and that led the dairy industries to reduce the use of antibiotics. Therefore, alternative therapies for prevention and treatment of bovine mastitis, particularly natural products from plants and animals, have been sought. This review provides an overview of bovine mastitis in the aspects of risk factors, control and treatments, and emerging therapeutic alternatives in the control of bovine mastitis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.479-484
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• 2011

The study was conducted on 20 Holstein X Sahiwal cross bred dairy cows, with an average milk production of $2,752{\pm}113.79$ liters in $284{\pm}5.75$ days during a single lactation, that were divided in to two groups of 10 animals. We investigated the oxidative stress and antioxidant status during the transition period in dairy cows. In this study, plasma level of MDA was considered as an indicator of lipid peroxidation and SOD, catalase, GSH and GSHPx as antioxidants. The lipid peroxidation was significantly (p<0.001) higher in cows during early lactation as compared to the cows in advanced pregnancy. A significant positive correlation (r = +0.831, p<0.01) was determined between MDA and catalase in early lactating cows. In early lactating cows, blood glutathione was significantly lower than in advanced pregnant cows. However, early lactating cows showed non-significant negative correlation for all antioxidant enzymes with lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, dairy cows seemed to have more oxidative stress and low antioxidant defense during early lactation or just after parturition than advanced pregnant cows, and this appears to be the reason for their increased susceptibility to production diseases (e.g. mastitis, metritis, retention of fetal membranes etc.) and other health problems.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.347-354
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• 2017

Objective: The effects of the pre- and postpartum supplementation of cows with Se on their plasma P4 concentrations after calving were investigated. Methods: Thirty-four Holstein cows were used to investigate the effects of dietary selenium supplementation on the postpartum recovery of the luteal function in cows. Selenium-rich yeast (containing 300 ppm selenium) was mixed with total mixed ration fed to 17 pregnant cows from 30 days before they were due to calve (10 g yeast daily) to 100 days after calving (20 g yeast daily). The control cows (n = 17) were fed the same amount of ordinary yeast. The cows' plasma progesterone concentrations were determined every two days using an enzyme immunoassay after calving. Results: Feed intake (total digestive nutrient, crude protein), milk production, body weight and the biochemical properties of blood plasma did not differ between the two groups; however, the plasma selenium concentrations of the supplemented animals were significantly greater than those of the controls at and after calving. The postpartum plasma progesterone concentrations of the selenium-yeast-supplemented group increased earlier than those of the control group. Moreover, during the estrus cycle after the 3rd ovulation or ovulation with estrus between 60 to 80 days after calving, the selenium-supplemented cows exhibited greater progesterone concentrations than the control cows. Conclusion: Selenium supplementation promotes the postpartum progesterone production of cows.