• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2022

In the automobile industry, lamps are frequently used as a mean to emphasize each company's brand identity. Therefore, many detailed design models have emerged in order to realize a differentiated image in preparation for competitive vehicles. Among them, the design of a multi compartment lighting image concept that realizes light divided in multiple space also being introduced by various manufacturers. In this study, in order to solve the problem of cost and weight rise that the existing multi compartment image lamp has, using TRIZ method such as functional analysis modeling and trimming. Through this process, an idea to minimize cost and weight was derived. As the idea was designed in detail, the formation of light did not go as desired, and the diffusion of light also proceeded differently than intended. In order to overcome this problem, a new concept of corrosion and diffusion structure was applied. Eventually, it overcomes various problems and successfully applied it to a real vehicle. The idea was actually reflected in the "Santa Fe" model. Later, the media focused on the lamps to which the idea was applied, and contributed to the sale of a large number of vehicles by providing consumers with a new light sensibility. During the research process, it was possible to secure a number of patents and knowledge of new design concepts.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제81권1호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2022

The optimum design of reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls subjected to seismic loads is an extremely important challenge in structural and geotechnical engineering, especially in seismic zones. This study proposes an adaptive sperm swarm optimization algorithm (ASSO) for economic design of retaining structure under static and seismic loading. The proposed ASSO algorithm utilizes a time-varying velocity damping factor to provide a fine balance between the explorative and exploitative behavior of the original method. In addition, the new method considers a reasonable velocity limitation to avoid the divergence of the sperm movement. The proposed algorithm is benchmarked with a set of test functions and the results are compared with the standard sperm swarm optimization (SSO) and some other robust metaheuristic from the literature. For seismic optimization of retaining structures, Mononobe-Okabe method is employed for dynamic loading conditions and total construction cost of the structure is considered as the single objective function. The optimization constraints include both geotechnical and structural restrictions and the design variables are the geometrical dimensions of the wall and the amount of steel reinforcement. Finally, optimization of two benchmark retaining structures under static and seismic loads using the ASSO algorithm is presented. According to the numerical results, the ASSO may provide better optimal solutions, and the designs obtained by ASSO have a lower cost by up to 20% compared with some other methods from the literature.

• 대기
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.325-336
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• 2024

Radiosonde is an important in-situ profiling instrument that measures atmospheric temperature, moisture, and wind structure from the surface to the middle stratosphere. The operational radiosonde measurements are carried out more than twice (at 0000 UTC and 1200 UTC) daily at approximately 1,300 World Meteorological Organization (WMO) stations and play a pivotal role in daily weather forecasts. It also contributes to the monitoring of atmospheric structure by providing the key physical information like temperature and pressure, forming the backbone of atmospheric (re)analyses and numerical weather forecasts. Additionally, high-resolution radiosonde profiles are used for calibration and evaluation of satellite products. Despite these advantages, radiosonde measurements are mostly limited to operational uses due to the high initial cost of ground instrument setup required for data transmission and reception. This study outlines a cost-effective (roughly one-tenth of the operational cost) method for establishing the ground station and the necessary radiosonde measurement procedures, offering guidance for individual researchers or university-level instructors.

• 한국BIM학회 논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2013

Mix-used development in urban renewal project is done to effectively utilize the limited downtown. Generally unlike a single project, It features placing a large number of different facilities(residential, commercial, business, cultural, etc.) which is each other organically linked. The purpose of this study is to suggest the method of modeling guide for 3D preliminary cost estimation considering visual and intuitive judgement of space in mix-used development Urban Renewal project. In this research, introducing SME(Standard Module and Element) breakdown structure, FID(Finish Identity) for estimating building space unit-based quantity take off was implemented. It could narrow the discrepancy of opinion between the stakeholders with more accurate cost-estimates, comparing to the traditional methods.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.131-161
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• 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the downtime cost of side-by-side offloading operations in Malaysian waters. With the help of a numerical time domain tool, the structure and cable response of moored FPSO vessel was simulated for heading and beam sea-states under irregular waves. The weather downtime was assessed by comparing the response under operational wave condition with the pre defined industrial safe offloading criteria. Additionally, two cases of cable failure were simulated for each sea-state. The novel study on downtime cost was presented for three different location of Malaysia subcontinent for which the location specific wave scatter diagram facilitated to estimate the probability of occurrence of operational wave condition. It was concluded that an unpredictable increment in wave height by 0.5 m can significantly impact the production cost.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제20권42호
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• pp.87-98
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• 1997

product to assign objectives for target manufacturing cost on the basis of consumer's function envaluation. The principal purposes of the study include: to improve product differentiation for those products with major usability functions and to prepare effective steps of product concept formulation. Since scant research has been conducted toward the approach suggested above, this study suggests a new method using conjoint analysis for classifying goals of manufacturing costs based on customer's function evaluation. The ultimate goal of this study is to compare and check. The cost estimate for each structure, and eventually to decide target cost values to be reasonably understood by the R&D team.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2001

This study is for the investigation of form using the aluminum-compound metal frame(Aluminum frame reinforced panel : AFR panel) which is improved in the capacity in the wall-concrete structure in steal of using the existing form which has problems such as, excessive exposure of cement, the loss of labor when it is constructed or disjointed, and it's economical efficiency compared with that of EURO Form. AFR panel passes the KS F 8006 test, and as a result of field test, it's displacement is satisfied with Specification. And using AFR panel is more economical than that of EURO Form because saving labor cost which plays a major part in cost saving in formwork is more effective in retrenching total cost than increment of material cost.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.303-309
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• 2009

Switched Reluctance Motor(SRM) has become popular for industrial application, particularly for low medium drives due to the advantages of SRM over the other ac motors: SRM can be manufactured with low cost because it has a simple structure. But, asymmetric bridge converter that generally is used for driving requires two discrete switching devices and freewheeling diodes per phase, and cause the SRM drives to be complicated and to increase the cost of overall system. Therefore, this paper suggests a new type of 4-switch converter for SRM. 4-switch converter topology is studied to provide a possibility for the realization of low cost 3-phase SRM drive system. For effective utilization of the developed system, a new current control algorithm is designed and implemented to produce the desired dynamic performance. With the developed power conversion circuit and control scheme, it is expected that the proposed system can be widely used in commercial applications with reduced system cost.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.487-494
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• 2012

A new low cost high power density photovoltaic power conditioning system (PV PCS) with an energy storage system is proposed in this paper. Its high power density and cost effectiveness can be achieved through the unification of the maximum power point tracker and the battery charger/discharger. Despite the reduced power stage, the proposed system can achieve the same performance in terms of maximum power point tracking and battery charging/discharging as the conventional system. When a utility power failure happens, the proposed system cannot perform maximum power point tracking at the UPS mode. However, the predetermined battery voltage near the maximum power point of the PV array can effectively generate a reasonable PV power even at the UPS mode. Therefore, it features a simpler structure, less mass, lower cost, and fewer devices. Finally, to confirm the operation, validity, and features of the proposed system, a theoretical analysis and experimental results from a single phase AC 220Vrms/1.5kW prototype are presented.

• 경영과학
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.21-35
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• 2009

There is a controversy on Internet pricing, flat-rate vs. usage-based. This study gives a comparative analysis between flat-rate and two-part tariff which is realistic alternative of usage-based pricing. In a basic economic model, two-part tariff based on ISP's cost structure satisfies allocative efficiency and relatively expand the number of subscribers. But the characteristics of Internet service like consumers' uncertainty on cost, measurement cost of traffic and network externality induce increase of cost or decrease of marginal utility. The analysis shows that small impact of these can make flat-rate more efficient.