• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.315-325
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• 2016

조사결과의 신속성이 요구되는 선거여론조사의 특성상 짧은 시간에 유권자들의 의견을 파악할 수 있고 저렴한 조사비용이라는 장점 때문에 낮은 응답률이라는 심각한 결함에도 불구하고 대부분 선거여론조사는 전화조사로 이루어진다. 현재 국내에서 실시되는 많은 선거여론조사는 연령별, 성별, 지역별 인구수 또는 유권자수에 비례하여 할당된 수만큼 조사하는 방식을 취하고 있다. 무응답이 발생하여 초기에 할당된 수만큼 조사가 이루어지지 않은 경우, 응답자들의 가중치를 조정하여 추정하는 방법을 사용한다. 본 연구에서는 무응답이 존재하는 경우, 현재 국내 여론조사에서 사용하는 추정량의 편의와 분산의 편의를 수리적으로 도출하였다. 이 편의는 응답집단과 무응답집단 간의 의사 차이와 무응답률의 크기에 비례한다. 또, 2012년 대선 선거여론 조사 자료를 기초로 전화 선거여론조사에서의 응답률을 산출하였는데, 평균 약 14.4%에 불과하였다. 한편, 자체적으로 실시한 '전화 선거여론조사에 대한 의식조사'에서, 응답자들이 전화 선거여론조사에 응답하지 않는 가장 큰 이유로 "귀찮아서"를 가장 많이 선택하였고, 여론조사 응답률이 가장 낮은 20대가 가장 많이 선택한 이유도 "귀찮아서"였다. 따라서 응답률을 높이기 위해서는 인센티브를 지급하는 등 조사대상자들의 응답 동기를 높이기 위한 보다 적극적인 노력이 필요하다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권22호
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• pp.9679-9685
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• 2014

Background: When evaluating health-economics for cervical cancer prevention policies in Japan, it is important to use Japanese value settings. This study aimed to obtain preference-based measures (preference measures) for hypothesized health states among healthy Japanese women, and to examine differences between the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) and standard gamble (SG) instruments. Materials and Methods: The investigation was performed among female students at a nursing university. We used written hypothetical scenarios describing three grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and eight stages of cervical cancer, both at diagnosis and after medical intervention. Preference measures were evaluated using both EQ-5D and SG. Results: We received responses from 136 women. The mean number of respondents per stage was 24.6 (SD: 2.7). At diagnosis, average EQ-5D scores for CIN1, CIN2, CIN3, IA1, IA2, IB1, IB2, IIA, IIB, III, and IV stages were 0.84 (0.14), 0.78 (0.12), 0.73 (0.10), 0.78 (0.12), 0.72 (0.12), 0.63 (0.13), 0.64 (0.12), 0.68 (0.08), 0.62 (0.13), 0.55 (0.21), and 0.18 (0.24), respectively. Using one-way analysis of variance with the Tukey-Kramer method for multiple comparisons (each stage vs. CIN1), we found significant differences for IB1 and more advanced stages (p<0.05). After medical intervention, corresponding EQ-5D scores were 0.84 (0.12), 0.81 (0.12), 0.84 (0.12), 0.80 (0.15), 0.78 (0.11), 0.64 (0.15), 0.63 (0.15), 0.71 (0.15), 0.50 (0.17), 0.52 (0.17), 0.21 (0.28). The multiple comparisons identified significant differences for IB1 and more advanced stages, excepting IIA (p<0.05). SG evaluations were more variable and relatively higher than EQ-5D evaluations. Conclusions: We obtained preference measures for three grades of CIN1-3 and eight stages of cervical cancer. In combination with appropriate sensitivity analyses, these preference measures will provide a basis for an economic evaluation of cervical cancer prevention in Japan. We suggest that EQ-5D is appropriate for cost-utility analysis of this topic.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제7권8호
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• pp.234-244
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• 2007

BTO 민간투자사업에 대한 실시협약체결 협상시 주무관청이나 사업시행자 모두 많은 제약과 리스크를 가지고 협상하게 되며, 협상 결과에 따라 사업의 성패에 큰 영향을 미친다. 따라서 중요한 협상 단계에서 좀 더 효과적인 협상과 결과를 얻기 위하여 협상시 가장 주요한 쟁점들을 추출하고, 이러한 주요쟁점들이 상호간에 어떤 특성을 내포하는지를 정량적으로 분석하였다. 분석방법은 문헌연구, 연구 보고서 등과 전문가들을 대상으로 발주청, 설계사, 시공사 그룹으로 분류하여 설문조사를 수행하였고 Likert 척도, ANOVA 분석, AHP 분석 등을 통하여 주요쟁점들의 특성을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과 주요쟁점들은 공사비 산정, 수익률, 정부재정지원, 사용료 수입보장수준, 운영비 산정, 사용료 등의 순서로 나타났으며, 또한 그룹별로 6개 항목들에 대한 상대적 중요도, 리스크를 느끼는 상대적 크기, 항목간의 객관적 자료 제시의 어려운 정도 등이 정량적으로 분석되었다. 그리고 설계사 그룹과 시공사 그룹은 다소 유사성을 갖고 있으나, 발주청 그룹은 설계사 그룹 또는 시공사 그룹과의 유사성이 적은 것으로 나타났다. 향후 민간투자사업은 계속 증가될 전망이므로 본 연구에서 제시된 내용들은 합리적인 협상에 도움 및 민간투자사업 활성화에 기여할 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2008

BTO 민간투자사업에 대한 실시협약체결 협상시 주무관청이나 사업시행자 모두 많은 제약과 리스크를 가지고 협상하게 되며, 협상 결과에 따라 사업의 성패에 큰 영향을 미친다. 따라서 중요한 협상 단계에서 좀 더 효과적인 협상과 결과를 얻기 위하여 협상시 가장 주요한 쟁점들을 추출하고, 이러한 주요쟁점들이 상호간에 어떤 특성을 내포하는지를 정량적으로 분석하였다. 분석방법은 문헌연구, 연구 보고서 등과 전문가들을 대상으로 발주청, 설계사, 시공사 그룹으로 분류하여 설문조사를 수행하였고 Likert 척도, ANOVA 분석, AHP 분석 등을 통하여 주요쟁점들의 특성을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과 주요쟁점들은 공사비 산정, 수익률, 정부재정지원, 사용료 수입보장수준, 운영비 산정, 사용료 등의 순서로 나타났으며, 또한 그룹별로 6개 항목들에 대한 상대적 중요도, 리스크를 느끼는 상대적 크기, 항목간의 객관적 자료 제시의 어려운 정도 등이 정량적으로 분석되었다. 그리고 설계사 그룹과 시공사 그룹은 다소 유사성을 갖고 있으나, 발주청 그룹은 설계사 그룹 또는 시공사 그룹과의 유사성이 적은 것으로 나타났다. 향후 민간투자사업은 계속 증가될 전망이므로 본 연구에서 제시된 내용들은 합리적인 협상에 도움 및 민간투자사업 활성화에 기여할 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.45-45
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• 2017

The Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, is one of the most important pests of stored food in the food processing industry worldwide. To control the Indian meal moth, methyl bromide, phosphine, high carbon dioxide, sulfuryl fluoride and plant essential oil fumigation have been considered. However, these treatments have disadvantages. For example, depleting the ozone layer, showing resistance in insect, low control efficacy or need high cost for treatment. Chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) is strong disinfectant and insecticide. The gas caused a malfunction in enzymes. The oxidative stress induced by $ClO_2$ gas treatment damaged to a physiological system and all life stages of P. interpunctella. The gaseous $ClO_2$ is a convincing alternative to methyl bromide for controlling P. interpunctella. The gaseous $ClO_2$ was generated by a chlorine dioxide generator (PurgoFarm Co., Ltd., Hwasung, Korea). It generated highly pure $ClO_2$ gas and the gas blown out through a vent into a test chamber. Gas entry to the chamber was automatically controlled and monitored by a PortaSene II gas leak detector (Analytical Technology, Collegeville, PA, USA). The properly prepared eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults of P. interpunctella were used in this experiment. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.4. Percentage data were statistically analyzed after arcsine-root transformation. Analysis of variance was performed using general linear model, and means were separated by the least significant difference test at P < 0.05. Fumigation is an effective management technique for controlling all stages of P. interpunctella. We found that $ClO_2$ gas treatment directly effects on egg, larvae, pupae and adults of P. interpunctella. The gas treatment with proper concentration for over a day achieved 100 % mortality in all stages of P. interpunctella and short time treatment or low concentration gas treatment results showed that the egg hatchability, pupation rate, and adult emergency rate were lowered compare with untreated control. Also, abnormal pupae or adult rate were increased. Gaseous $ClO_2$ treatment induced insecticidal reactive oxygen species (ROS), and it resulted in fatal oxidative stress in P. interpunctella. Taken together, these results showed that exposure proper concentration and time of the gas control all stages of P. interpunctella by inducing fatal oxidative stress. Further studies will be required to apply the gas treatment under real-world condition and to understanding physiological reaction in P. interpunctella caused by oxidative stress.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.65-88
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• 2007

본 연구의 목표는 서양에서 가족수발자가 돌보는 노인의 인지적 기능을 평가하기 위해 개발된 기억 및 행동문제 개정점검표를 우리나라 요보호노인의 가족수발자에게 맞게 수정하여 한국형 기억 및 행동 문제 개정점검표를 제시하는 것이다. 연구에 참여한 가족수발자 387명을 무작위로 두 집단으로 나눠서, 연구 1에서는 기억 및 행동문제 개정점검표의 신뢰도, 탐색적 요인, 수렴 및 기준 타당도 분석을 실시하였고, 연구 2는 연구 1에서 제시한 한국형 기억 및 행동문제 개정점검표의 신뢰도 분석, 확증적 요인분석, 수렴 및 기준 타당도를 검증하였다. 본 연구결과는 수정된 척도(K-RMBPC)가 노인의 기억 및 행동문제를 측정하기 위한 도구로서 적절함을 통계적으로 보여주고 있다. 이는 사회복지 연구와 실천현장에서 노인의 인지적 기능을 더욱 정확하게 측정할 수 있는 틀로 사용될 것으로 기대한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.433-442
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• 2013

This study aimed to compare the dynamics of air temperature and velocity under two different ventilation and housing systems during summer and winter in Korea. The $NH_3$ concentration of both housing systems was also investigated in relation to the pig's growth. The ventilation systems used were; negative pressure type for the enclosed pig house (EPH) and natural airflow for the conventional pig house (CPH). Against a highly fluctuating outdoor temperature, the EPH was able to maintain a stable temperature at 24.8 to $29.1^{\circ}C$ during summer and 17.9 to $23.1^{\circ}C$ during winter whilst the CPH had a wider temperature variance during summer at 24.7 to $32.3^{\circ}C$. However, the temperature fluctuation of the CPH during winter was almost the same with that of EPH at 14.5 to $18.2^{\circ}C$. The NH3 levels in the CPH ranged from 9.31 to 16.9 mg/L during summer and 5.1 to 19.7 mg/L during winter whilst that of the EPH pig house was 7.9 to 16.1 mg/L and 3.7 to 9.6 mg/L during summer and winter, respectively. These values were less than the critical ammonia level for pigs with the EPH maintaining a lower level than the CPH in both winter and summer. The air velocity at pig nose level in the EPH during summer was 0.23 m/s, enough to provide comfort because of the unique design of the inlet feature. However, no air movement was observed in almost all the lower portions of the CPH during winter because of the absence of an inlet feature. There was a significant improvement in weight gain and feed intake of pigs reared in the EPH compared to the CPH (p<0.05). These findings proved that despite the difference in the housing systems, a stable indoor temperature was necessary to minimize the impact of an avoidable and highly fluctuating outdoor temperature. The EPH consistently maintained an effective indoor airspeed irrespective of season; however the CPH had defective and stagnant air at pig nose level during winter. Characteristics of airflow direction and pattern were consistent relative to housing system during both summer and winter but not of airspeed. The ideal air velocity measurement favored the EPH and therefore can be appropriate for the Korean environment. Further emphasis on its cost effectiveness will be the subject of future investigations.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2015

Purpose - This research aims to understand the different behaviors of consumers according to cognitive age. Specifically, this research is focused on pro-social behavior. Pro-social behavior is defined as behavior benefiting others, rather than behavior benefiting one's self. It often entails individual risk or cost, such as when giving resources to others, waiting in line, asking for or paying a fair price, or risking one's life in battle. Therefore, we sought to understand consumer psychology and cognitive age as a reflection of inner psychology. People frequently perceive themselves as younger or older than their chronological ages. This self-perceived or cognitive age is a subjective age perception independent of actual chronological age. The discrepancy degree between chronological and cognitive age represents how much individuals perceive themselves as younger than they are. This study examines the gap in donation intention based on cognitive age. In order to investigate cognitive age, composed of four sub-categories (feel-age, look-age, do-age, and interest-age), this study explores the differential donation intention based on cognitive age, which determines the relationship between the young age and old age. Research design, data, and methodology - Data research was conducted by gathering 216 survey samples, excluding those with unreliable answers. Data coding and cleaning were used and SPSS 19.0 software for the data analysis. The respondents were categorized into two types, younger cognitive ages and older cognitive ages. Additionally, we analyzed the moderating variables. In particular, we used cognitive age degree and congruency level (cognitive age low vs. cognitive age high) × (congruency close vs. congruency distant) between - subjects design. First, regression was done to verify the difference between chronological age and cognitive age. Second, a t-test was done to verify the difference of cognitive age level in donations. Third, ANOVA (analysis of variance) was done to verify the difference between cognitive age and congruency in donations. Last, ANOVA was done to verify the difference between cognitive age and moral judgments in donations. Result - The results show most respondents perceive themselves as younger than their chronological ages. In particular, older respondents feel they are younger than their actual age. Moreover, the result of the comparison between low degree and high degree groups of cognitive age, show high donations at the higher degree of cognitive age groups. In addition, the closer the distance to the beneficiaries, the higher the donation in high degree cognitive age groups. The higher moral judgment groups also show relatively high contributions in lower degree cognitive age groups. Conclusions - Donations belong to the category of pro-social behavior reflecting an individual's psychological state. Therefore, it is important in understanding cognitive age. This study implies that it is necessary to take into account both cognitive age and chronological age when segmenting donors. Moreover, this study confirmed that there are different factors affecting the motives behind donations. Thus, it may be utilized to create differential donation strategies.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2018

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the weight values of evaluation items by traffic safety project type. METHODS : In general, a large-scale investment in projects such as the traffic safety project requires economic analyses to be performed in advance. However, there is an argument for considering special characteristics of the traffic safety project. Therefore, this study conducted characteristic analysis of the weight values of evaluation items. The analysis consisted of two steps. The first step was hypothesis verification using analysis of variance (ANOVA). In this process, the authors examined whether the weight of evaluation items is the same regardless of the traffic safety project type. Based on the first step's results, the authors proceeded to the second step. The objective of this step was to analyze how different the weight values are by traffic safety project type using an analytic hierarchy process. RESULTS : According to the ANOVA test results, the benefit to cost ratios have different weight values based on traffic safety project type at the 0.01 significance level. The policy evaluation items, such as the plans connection, resident opinion, and regional equity, also showed the same results except that the result for the related plans connection was statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Based on the first step's result, the AHP analysis in the second step showed that the traffic safety projects for vulnerable users and pedestrians have very low weight values in economic evaluation factors compared with other safety project types. The weight values for vulnerable users and pedestrians were 0.29 and 0.26, respectively, in economic evaluation items. On the other hand, the weight values for other safety project types were around 0.6. Among the policy evaluation items, resident opinion showed a higher weight value than other factors, such as connection and regional equity items. CONCLUSIONS : The social and economic impact of a traffic safety project varies by project type and project characteristics. Although the economic approach is overarching and a reasonable methodology is applied for large-scale projects, it should be noted that the safety issue, especially for transportation of vulnerable uses, requires a non-economical approach. Based on the analysis results, this study suggests that the priority of the projects should be determined by separating them into independent assessment groups depending on their characteristics.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.29-47
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• 2007

Owing to the rapid growth of using the Internet, not only click-and-mortar companies but also brick-and-mortar ones have been expanding their distribution channels into online, Moreover, since online channels are more attractive than offline ones in control and maintenance, switching customers into online ones is emerged as one of very important managerial issues in a view of reduction of cost as well as expansion of services. However, the switched customers should be faced by uncertainties which could not have been experienced in offline. Specifically, in online channels, buyers and sellers are separated temporally and spacially and there are always so many kinds of threat for security as well as not enough systems and conventions for them yet. Therefore, trust has been considered as one of the most critical mechanisms for resolution of such uncertainties in online transactions. However, it is not easy to build and maintain the relationships in online since most of them are virtual and indirect generally. Therefore, in order to switch offline customers into online ones, it is very important to make strategies based on identification of the relationship between online transaction and offline trust which has been built in offline business. Generally offline trust, which has been built independent of online, could not include trust for online-dependent activities such as payment security during or after transactions, while most of online trust include it. Therefore, a customer with high offline trust does not always perceive high security and assure safe transactions. Accordingly, while online trust, where technical capabilities for online security is one of main bases, includes control trust implicitly or explicitly, offline trust does not. However. in spite of such clear discrimination and independence between offline trust and perceived security, there can be the significant dependency between these two beliefs. The customers with high offline trust believe that the company would do some activities for online security for customers' safe transactions since it has been believed of doing well for customers' trust. Theoretically, users' perception of security is interpreted as a kind of control trus, which is trust for company's technical control capacities in order to resolve technical uncertainties in online. Therefore, the relationship between two beliefs can be considered as transference from offline trust to another type trust. that is, control trust. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of offline trust on online transaction uses mediated by perceived security. For this purpose, we suggest a research model based on technology acceptance model (TAM). Reuse intention is adopted as a dependent variable and TAM is modified by adding perceived risk (PR) as well as two beliefs of using Internet banking, perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU). Moreover, perceive security (PS) is adopted as an external variable for PR and PU, while offline trust (OT) is an antecedent of PS. For an empirical test, sampling from 108 visitors to the banks in Daegu, Korea, we analyze our model by partial least square (PLS) approach. In result, our model is shown to explain 51.4% of the variance in reuse intention and all hypothesis are supported statistically. A theoretical implication of this study is to identify a role of PS between offline trust and reuse intention of using online transaction services. According to our result, PS can be considered as a mediation variable for bridging between two different concepts: trust that explains social aspects of customers and companies, and TAM that explains customers' reuse intention.