• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.766-779
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to find the levels of self-monitoring, self-consciousness and cosmetic attitude of female university students and to analyze the relationship between the levels of self-monitoring, self-consciousness and cosmetic attitude in an effort to strengthen external human beauty. The respondents were 264 university women attending a university Chung-Cheong Province in Korea. In this study, a questionnaire method was used. The questionnaire consisted of SMS(self-monitoring scale), the(self-consciousness scale), and a measurement of the cosmetic attitude. Earlier studies were used to create the measuring instruments with some adjustments for the purpose of this research. Factorial analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis were carried out with SPSS 18.0. The cosmetic attitude consisted of four factors, and those factors were related to self-monitoring and self-consciousness. The Four factors were happiness with change, manners to others, the instrument of change, and conformity. It was found that the cosmetic attitude reflected the personal internal mental states; hence, the cosmetic attitude was used as method to express the internal mind. Determining the correlations between self-monitoring, self-consciousness and the cosmetic attitude was useful in understanding the personal peculiarity of the cosmetic attitude. Moreover, in the cosmetic industry, it is likely meaningful to investigate the capability whether the variables of self-monitoring and self-consciousness can be applied in an effort to understand consumers' internal character.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.123-135
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• 2022

In Korea, business guidelines for nurturing professional manpower in the cosmetic industry are insufficient despite the implementation of legislation and certification system for customized cosmetics. Therefore, in this study, guideline design for customized cosmetics businesses was studied. As a research method, literature on domestic and foreign market conditions and cases of each business type of the customized cosmetics market were analyzed. In addition, a focus group interview was conducted on the guidelines by creating a group of professionals and employees in the customized cosmetics industry. As a result, it was found that the guidelines for individual business owners of customized cosmetics were institutionalized into 4 types, and essential information needed for introduction of the customized cosmetics into the market and information needed for general practice should be provided. It is expected that this study will be developed as a guideline that can guide the growth of the cosmetic industry and the vitalization of the customized cosmetics business in the future.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.113-138
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• 2018

The purpose of this research is to analyze how the Chinese cosmetics certification system works as a Non-Tariff Barriers(NTBs) for Korean exporting companies to access the Chinese market. China is the largest market for Korea's cosmetic exports, but China's policy of protecting domestic industry has become a barrier to Korea's cosmetics exports to China. Therefore, this research, through the analysis of regulations of the Chinese certification system for imported cosmetics. revealed that there are such problems as ① information leakage ② duplication of inspection ③time delay. In order to verify those problems, surveys and face-to-face interviews with Korean cosmetic exporting companies to China have been conducted. In conclusion, Chinese cosmetics certification system not only protects its own industry, but also serves as a NTBs to disturb the access of imported cosmetics to the Chinese market in order to foster Chinese cosmetic industry.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1814-1822
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• 2018

Most people use cosmetics to protect their skin. Preservatives are often used to prevent their contamination upon use. There has been a great demand for natural preservatives due to recent reports on the side effects of parabens. Therefore, we evaluated the antimicrobial activities of Lonicera japonica and Magnolia obovata extracts and determined their potential as natural preservatives. We found that the 50% ethanol extract from L. japonica had antibacterial activity only against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, while the ethyl acetate fraction showed antimicrobial activity against all six microbial strains tested. On the other hand, the 70% ethanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction from M. obovata showed antimicrobial activity against all six strains. A synergistic effect against S. aureus, B. subtilis, and C. albicans was confirmed when two ethyl acetate fractions having antimicrobial activity against all six strains were used in combination. Synergistic activity against B. subtilis was also confirmed through kill-time analysis. High-performance liquid chromatography was performed to identify the components of each extract. Based on the minimum inhibitory concentration and the results of a disc diffusion assay, we confirmed that caffeic acid and luteolin influenced the antimicrobial activity of L. japonica and that the antimicrobial activity of M. obovata was influenced by the interaction of magnolol and honokiol with other components. Therefore, this study suggests that the combination of L. japonica and M. obovata extracts may be used as a plant-derived natural preservative.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.2 s.51
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• pp.179-187
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• 2005

The reduced production of domestic cosmetics in 2003, compared to last 5 years shows the recession of cosmetics industry. Under this situation, there has been reorganization on the domestic cosmetic market that low-end cosmetic .products become a trend due to the fact that major cosmetic companies also focus on low-end market since the last half year of 2004. However, it does not seem to be a temporal fashion that the extremely low-end cosmetics had an impact wavelength on cosmetics market. It has important meaning for the brand product strategy. This research focused on analysis of market situation and strategy through investigation of requirement and satisfaction on extremely low-end cosmetics in order to keep and improve it, which stimulated depressed cosmetic market.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.18-28
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• 2018

In this study, the antioxidant activities and cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress of Lonicera japonica Thunb. 50% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction were investigated. Using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay, the free radical scavenging activity (FSC50) of L. japonica Thunb. 50% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction was determined as 152.00 and $77.25{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. To measure the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity, the total antioxidant capacity (OSC50) was determined by using a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate fraction ($0.33{\mu}g/ml$) was approximately four times stronger than that of the 50% ethanol extract ($1.12{\mu}g/ml$). The protective effect against $^1O_2$-induced cellular damage of human erythrocytes (${\tau}_{50}$) was 46.0 min at $10{\mu}g/ml$ of the 50% ethanol extract and 52.3 min at $1{\mu}g/ml$ of the ethyl acetate fraction. We also investigated the cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress induced by $H_2O_2$ and the intracellular ROS scavenging activity in response to UVB irradiation and found that the extract and fraction protected human skin cells from damage and reduced ROS. These results confirmed that L. japonica Thunb. was a valuable plant-derived natural antioxidant with potential for development as an antioxidative functional ingredient.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.176-183
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• 2019

The environmental changes in the Korean cosmetic medical service industry in the $21^{st}$ century are forming intense competition among medical institutions due to the quantitative expansion of its market. For stable growth of the cosmetic medical service industry, continuous quality improvement is necessary based on empirical research on the quality of cosmetic medical services rather than external expansion. The purpose of this study is to classify the quality attributes of cosmetic medical service using Kano model and to derive the degree of satisfaction and dissatisfaction of each quality attributes through Customer Satisfaction Coefficient (CSC). Through this, the study identified strategic priorities and suggested specific step-by-step approaches and quality improvement priorities that can increase customer satisfaction using the Potential Customer Satisfaction Improvement Index (PCSI Index). Based on SERVPERF, this study used measurement tools consisting of five dimensions : tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. In addition, it was used of measurement items reconstructed into positive, negative, and satisfaction questions for Kano model analysis, CSC analysis, and PCSI Index analysis. A total of 300 medical consumers who experienced cosmetic medical services for the past one year in medical institutions such as plastic surgery and dermatology were collected with convenient sampling. As a result, urgent items for improving the quality of service using the PCSI Index, 'Consideration for customer benefits' in empathy category was followed by 'Immediate help' and 'Sincere response' in responsiveness category, and 'Understanding customer needs' in empathy category, respectively. That is, it is required to improve human service quality attributes such as empathy and responsiveness rather than physical service quality attributes. This study contributes practically in that it provides specific and discriminatory approaches to improve customer satisfaction on cosmetic medical service quality and suggests improvement priorities.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.137-160
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• 2021

The customized cosmetics preparation management qualification system was implemented in March 2020, and it served to create jobs by developing professionals and vitalizing the cosmetics business. However, various problems such as high examination fees, suitability of questions, and utilization in industries are emerging. This paper attempts to prevent disputes that the system can cause and suggest ways to improve it by researching customized cosmetics, the industry status, and comparing foreign cosmetics laws. There is a kind of opinion that laws should be eased for this industry and the other opinion that expertise is necessary in this field because of safety. The system now has adverse effects due to a failure to adjust the difficulty of the exam. Cosmetics are not prescription-based, so they are routinely used. However, some toxic ingredients can cause side effects if they do not conform with certain standards. Also, it is difficult for a case to lead to lawsuits because most consumer damages related to cosmetics are individual. In addition, as e-commerce develops, there is a growing possibility of seeing more consumer damages. If safety and distribution issues, which experts are concerned about, escalate, the private dispute settlement system (among the ADR systems) should be activated as a resolution method.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.363-373
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• 2018

In recent years, parabens used as preservatives in cosmetics have become a problem of human safety. Therefore, in this study, we tried to evaluate the preservative efficacy of 1,3-butylene glycol, 1,2-hexanediol, and 1,2-pentanediol as a preservative system to replace parabens. 1,3-Butylene glycol was added to cosmetic creams at a concentration of between 5 and 25%. The preservative efficacy of 1,3-butylene glycol was determined using a M-3 challenge test, as recommended by the Personal Care Products Council (formally CTFA). The alkane diols, such as 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-pentanediol, were assessed in a similar manner. An evaluation of the preservative efficacy of 1,3-butylene glycol revealed that it was effective against all tested microbial strains at a concentration of 25%. We also investigated the efficacy of combinations of 0.3% phenoxyethanol and 0.1% ethylhexylglycerin. Finally, we tested the alkane diols, including 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-pentanediol, as an alternative to the preservative 0.3% phenoxyethanol. Both 1% 1,2-hexanediol and 1% 1,2-pentanediol demonstrated preservative efficacy. Taken together, our study demonstrated that the formulation of 25% 1,3-butylene glycol and 0.1% ethylhexylglycerin, 1% 1,2-hexanediol, and 1% 1,2-pentanediol had the best preservative efficacy of the compositions tested. Thus, this study suggests that the formulation is a possibility of substituting parabens preservatives, which has been used in cosmetics and has become a safety issue.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.153-162
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to provide fundamental data to cosmetic waxing industry by investigating the using and awareness of cosmetic waxing. The questionnaires were administered to 230 subjects in Gwangju and Jeon-nam regions and the collected were statistically processed using SPSS ver. 21.0 program. The results are as follows: First, the most frequent groups were 20s in age group, married in marital status, professional in occupation, and high school graduation in educational background. For the difference in awareness by their general characteristics, the hair removal techniques most experienced by subjects were shaving and waxing and most of them came to know the waxing through acquaintance. Most of them reported positive awareness for experience of waxing and clean hygiene and neatness accounted for most of reason. The most frequently used place for waxing was professional cosmetic shops (nail, skin, and hair) and the most frequent motivation for waxing was effectiveness for skin hygiene. The areas where waxing is mainly performed were armpit, arm, and leg. The most of subjects received the procedure twice a month and in spring. Most of them reported 'very satisfied' for the procedure. It is expected, based on the results of this study, that the cosmetic waxing industry as a part of the beauty industry that is attracting attentions as a new growth engine for the development of national economy accomplish growth.